Terms/theories: Bowlby's Internal Working Model; Strange Situation Test;

Research: Harlow (1958); Ainsworth (1970), Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988); Hazan and Shaver (1987); Simpson et al. (1996); Fonagy et al. (1991)

Critical thinking: Operationalization of attachment; use of animal models; use of prospective vs retrospective research designs; predictive validity; cross-cultural validity.

Different command terms: Evaluate research; Discuss attachment.

Terms/theories: Gender identity; gender constancy, the biosocial theory of gender development

Research: Kohlberg (1966); Money and Erhard (1972); Imperato-McGinely et al (1974); Whiting and Edwards (1973)

Critical thinking: Ethical considerations in the study of gender identity; the binary approach used by Western researchers until recently; the use of interviews by Kohlberg; the use of case studies.

Different command terms: Evaluate; discuss gender identity.

Terms/theories: Gender roles, socialization, Gender Schema Theory, social cognitive theory, direct tuition, positive reinforcement

Research: Martin and Halvorson (1983); Martin et al (1995), Fagot (1978); Williams (1986); Wood et al (2002); Sroufe et al. (1993); Condry & Condry (1976), Silva et al (1992) study of Sri Lankan adolescents.

Critical thinking: Older studies have questionable temporal validity; much of the research is cross-sectional and not longitudinal; cross-cultural validity; the role of globalization; operationalization of gender-congruent vs. incongruent behaviours, evaluation of natural experiments (Williams, 1986); ecological validity (Martin and Halvorson, 1983)

Different command terms: Evaluate research; evaluate one theory

Terms/theories: Egocentrism; false belief testing; theory theory; simulation theory

Research: Repacholi and Gopnik (1997); Baron-Cohen et al (1985); Carr et al (2003)

Critical thinking: the validity of stage theories; operationalization of theory of mind; use of brain scanning technologies in research; applications of the theory.

Different command terms: Evaluate research; evaluate one theory

Terms/theories: research methods = interviews, observations, experiments, correlational studies, and case studies.

Research: Any research may be used.  For example, Experiments:  Repacholi and Gopnik (1997); Martin and Halvorson (1983); Williams (1986); Wood et al (2002) Observations:  Ainsworth (1970); Carr et al (2003); Fagot (1974);  Case studies: Imperato-McGinely et al (1974); Money and Erhard (1972); Interviews: Kohlberg (1966); Correlational studies: Hazan and Shaver (1987)

Critical thinking: Limitations of research methods.  Problems of operationalization.  The ability to draw conclusions about cause and effect.

Different command terms: Evaluate, contrast

Terms/theories: Ethical considerations include: informed consent, anonymity, right to withdraw, deception, undue stress or harm, and debriefing.

Research: Any research could be used to discuss ethical considerations.

Critical thinking: Informed consent in studies of children (Ainsworth, 1970, Repacholi and Gopnik, 1997); undue stress or harm (Money and Erhard, 1972; Ainsworth, 1970); right to withdraw from longitudinal studies (Fonagy, 1991).

Different command terms: This question may only be asked as a "discuss" question.