Terms/theories: Hormone - and an explanation of the normal role of the hormone.  For example, if you are writing about the effect of cortisol on memory, then the normal role of cortisol should be explained - and the gland where it is secreted would ideally be mentioned.

Research: Adrenaline and flashbulb memory ( McGaugh & Cahill, Pitman et al); Cortisol and memory (Meaney et al, Sapolsky, Brenner, Carion, Newcomer); Testosterone and risk-taking ( Ronay and von Hippel, Zak (2009)); oxytocin and trust (Baumgartner); vasopressin and attachment (Walum, Winslow)

Critical thinking: The reductionist nature of attributing complex human behaviours to a single hormone; the indirect way in which hormones are often measured, the difficulty of measuring hormones in a naturalistic setting; when not experimental, then correlations are drawn which may be based on assumptions.

Different command terms: SAQs: outline, describe, explain; ERQs: Evaluate research...

Terms/theories: Pheromone.  If you are writing about MHC or AND, then you should explain what it is. 

Research: Androstadienone (Zhou et al, Hare et al);  MHC (Wedekind); Pheromone potentially for babies' suck response (Doucet)

Critical thinking: There are several problems with the pheromone arguments.  First, the human sense of smell is very complex, which makes it very difficult to see how pheromones would work in humans.  Many body odours are actually not caused by secretions, but by bacteria that mix with our secretions - for example, in the armpits.  However, about 20% of the population does not have this bacteria and thus does not create the same scent.  This makes a universal finding of pheromones a bit less likely.  In addition, culture plays a key role in our sense of smell - we learn what smells bad and what smells good.  This could potentially be a confounding variable when trying to determine the role of pheromones on behaviour.  Finally, much of the research is highly artificial and has not been sufficiently replicated.

Different command terms: SAQs: outline, describe, explain; ERQs: Evaluate research...

Terms/theories: You should be able to define any research methods that you choose: experiments, observations, interviews, questionnaires, or case studies.

Research: Any of the research above may be used to answer this question.  For example - experiments (Wedekind, Zhou et al, McGaugh & Cahill, Newcomer), Case studies (Sapolsky, Marmot).

Critical thinking: Causality; the problems of artificiality and ecological validity; the importance of replication, internal validity and construct validity (aka face validity).

Different command terms:  SAQs: outline, describe, explain; ERQs: Evaluate, contrast

Terms/theories: You should be able to "unpack" each of the ethical considerations that you discuss - e.g. what does "informed consent" mean?

Research: Any research can be used from this unit which focuses on hormones and/or pheromones.

Critical thinking: Ethical considerations in biological research are always the same  - it is important that informed consent be obtained - however, it is questionable whether participants will understand biological implications of an experiment; anonymity of data must be maintained to prevent stigma or embarrassment; right to withdraw must be maintained - although this may be problematic if someone is taking an active treatment (e.g. cortisol).  However, the effects of hormones are short-lived. Deception should be avoided but often a placebo is used to make sure that it is not the treatment alone that is causing the effect; debriefing must be done to reveal any deception to the participants and allow them to ask questions about the implications of the study.  It is also a chance for them to withdraw their data; there should be no undue stress or harm. The researchers must always get their studies approved, demonstrating that the participants will be protected.  For example, in McGaugh and Cahill's study that the administration of adrenaline would have no ill effects on the participants.

Different command terms: SAQs: outline, describe, explain; ERQs: No other command term may be used.