MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry

Multiple choice test on 10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry

Use the following 'quiz' to test your knowledge and understanding of this sub-topic. You will need access to a periodic table (Section 6 of the IB data booklet).

If you get an answer wrong, read through the explanation carefully to learn from your mistakes.

Which three compounds are successive members of the same homologous series?

Homologous series have the same functional group with the same general formula, e.g. CnH(2n+1)OH. Each successive member differs by one more -CH2 unit from the previous member.

 

Which is the IUPAC name for (CH3)3COH?

The longest carbon chain contain three C atoms with a -OH and a -CH3 group both on the second carbon atom.

 

Which is the correct structural formula for 3-methylbutanoic acid?

Since it is a substituted butanoic acid, the longest chain which includes the carboxyl carbon atom contains four carbon atoms. The carboxyl carbon atom is the first carbon atom in the chain and the extra methyl group is on the third carbon atom.

 

Which three functional groups are all present in a molecule of paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

C6H5− (or in this case a substituted C6H5− group)  is phenyl, -NH-CO- is carboxamide and −OH is hydroxyl.

 

Which provide evidence that benzene contains a resonance structure rather than three alternate C−C single and C=C double bonds?

I. Benzene readily undergoes addition reactions.

II. All the carbon to carbon bond lengths are the same length.

III. Only one structural isomer of 1,2-dichlorobenzene exists that contains the two chlorine atoms on adjacent carbon atoms.

Benzene undergoes substitution reactions but does not readily undergo addition reactions. This is because the resonance structures give the benzene ring extra stability (known as delocalization energy) which has to be overcome for addition reactions to occur.

 

Vanillin is found in the vanilla bean. Which three classes of compounds are all present in a molecule of vanillin?

The class of compounds with a benzene ring is arene (whereas the functional group is phenyl). R−O−R' is an ether (whereas R−CO−O−R' is an ester).

 

Which are correct ways of representing the structural formula of 3-methylbutanal?

I.

II. (CH3)2CHCH2CHO

III.

All three are correct. Remember that if you use the skeletal structure and do not put an H on the end of the line it represents a methyl group.

 

Which is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2COOCH2CH3?

Esters are named after the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which they are derived - in this case ethanol and propanoic acid - and are two separate words.

 

Which compound has the same empirical formula as its molecular formula?

The empirical formulas of glucose, ethyl ethanoate and styrene are CH2O, C2H4O and CH respectively.

 

What type of amine is present in morphine?

The N atom has three R− groups bonded to it, so it is a tertiary amine.

 

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