a)
The diagram shows a mitochondrion.
Identify the parts labelled A and B .
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b)
The stages of respiration take part in different locations in a cell as shown in the table below.
Complete the missing parts of the table.
Stage of respiration Location in cell
Cytoplasm
Link Reaction
Krebs cycle
Matrix of mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation
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c)
Mitochondria are highly adapted to carry out respiration. One adaptation is a highly folded inner membrane, the cristae.
Describe how the folding of a membrane is an adaptation of an organelle such as the mitochondria.
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d)
Anaerobic respiration also occurs in the mitochondria.
State the names of the two stages of anaerobic respiration.
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a)
Respiration can be represented by a chemical equation.
State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
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b)
Respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds.
Define oxidation in terms of electrons lost or gained.
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c)
The diagram below shows the cyclic formation of ATP from ADP.
Use the diagram to identify which of processes A and B is the process of phosphorylation.
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d)
Phosphorylation occurs during the process of glycolysis.
Use the diagram below to describe phosphorylation during glycolysis.
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a)
The Link Reaction is described as an oxidative decarboxylation reaction.
State which molecule is decarboxylated during the Link Reaction.
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b)
Coenzyme A is a molecule used in the Link Reaction,
State the role of coenzyme A in the Link Reaction.
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c)
During the Krebs cycle, two molecules of carbon dioxide are released.
State how many molecules of carbon dioxide are released in the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule.
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d)
The coenzyme NAD is reduced six times during the Krebs cycle stage of respiration.
Describe the events that occur to the molecule of NAD in order to reduce it.
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a)
The diagram below shows the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Identify enzyme A from the diagram.
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b)
Describe the role of enzyme A from the diagram in part (a).
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c)
An important process in respiration is the electron transport chain. This uses a series of redox reactions where electrons, donated from specific molecules, are transported through a chain of electron carriers.
State the two molecules which act as electron donors in the electron transport chain.
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d)
Oxygen is described as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Explain the importance of oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
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One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.
a)
Describe the steps involved in the link reaction.
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b)
Describe the role of the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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c)
The four main stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Describe each stage, including the location of each.
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