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DP IB Biology: HL

Topic Questions

Home / IB / Biology: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 5. Evolution & Biodiversity / 5.1 Evolution & Natural Selection / Structured Questions: Paper 2


5.1 Evolution & Natural Selection

Question 1a

Marks: 1
a)

The diagram below shows the evolution of the modern horse (Equus caballus).QtAHMegJ_e-1a

Define the term 'evolution'.

[1 mark]

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    Key Concepts
    Evolution Defined

    Question 1b

    Marks: 1
    b)

    State the name of the mechanism which drives evolution.

    [1 mark]

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      Key Concepts
      Evolution Defined

      Question 1c

      Marks: 3
      c)

      There are several sources that provide evidence for evolution, such as selective breeding.

      List three other sources of evidence for evolution.

      [3 marks]

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        Question 1d

        Marks: 2
        d)

        State two visible differences between Eohippus and modern horses.

        [2 marks]

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          Key Concepts
          Evolution Defined

          Question 2a

          Marks: 1
          a)

          Two populations of cluster pine trees (Pinus pinaster) grew on opposite sides of a large mountain range. After many generations, scientists attempted to cross breed individuals from the two populations with each other but could not succeed. The scientists concluded that speciation occurred between the two populations.

          Define the term 'speciation'.

          [1 mark]

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            Key Concepts
            Speciation

            Question 2b

            Marks: 2
            b)

            State two reasons why speciation occurred between the two populations of pine trees.

            [2 marks]

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              Key Concepts
              Speciation

              Question 2c

              Marks: 2
              c)

              Islands will very often contain many species that are endemic to those regions.

              Describe a possible reason for this occurrence.

              [2 marks]

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                Key Concepts
                Speciation

                Question 3a

                Marks: 3
                a)

                The blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) is a species of worm native to North America and Europe. Their habitat includes marshes, swamps and ponds and they are a popular food source for fish kept in aquariums. Blackworms have a very unique way of reproducing, the segments that make up its body are able to regenerate into a complete individual on its own. Sexual reproduction is very rare in these worms.

                5-1-easy-q3a

                Image courtesy of Dvortygirl. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Reused and distributed under conditions found at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

                i)

                State the main source of variation in a blackworm population.

                [1 mark]

                ii)

                List two other sources of variation in a population.

                [2 marks]

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                  Key Concepts
                  Causes of Variation

                  Question 3b

                  Marks: 2
                  b)

                  The blackworm in the image above grew a second tail, presumably due to an injury sustained on the first one. Its ability to regenerate body parts can be considered a useful adaptation.

                  i)

                  Define the term 'adaptation'.

                  [1 mark]

                  ii)

                  State the use of the regeneration abilities of the blackworm as an adaptation.

                  [1 mark]

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                    Key Concepts
                    Adaptations
                    Variation

                    Question 3c

                    Marks: 1
                    c)

                    It takes a very long time for blackworms to reach sexual maturity and they need to be of a large body size before they reach this stage of their development, which typically only occur in their natural habitat. Shorter blackworms will reproduce asexually by fragmentation which occurs at a much higher rate than sexual reproduction. In laboratory settings, the worms are often used in experiments and need to be replaced frequently.

                    State the effect it would have on the body size of a blackworm population taken from a natural habitat, if they were kept in laboratory settings for a period of time.

                    [1 mark]

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                      Question 4a

                      Marks: 2
                      a)

                      The following diagram illustrates the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria due to a mutation that occurred in a non-resistant population.

                      HwnfSW9B_e-4a

                      Label the bacteria that are present at A and B.

                      [2 marks]

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                        Question 4b

                        Marks: 1
                        b)

                        State the selection pressure that is applied at C.

                        [1 mark]

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                          Question 4c

                          Marks: 1
                          c)

                          The mutation for antibiotic resistance is passed on to other bacteria at point D.

                          List one of the processes by which this could be done.

                          [1 mark]

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                            Question 4d

                            Marks: 1
                            d)

                            State one strategy that could be used to reduce the rate at which resistance evolves in bacteria.

                            [1 mark]

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                              Question 5a

                              Marks: 3

                              One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.

                              a)

                              Selective breeding has played an important role in the domestication of wild plant and animal species.

                              State three examples of selective breeding in agriculture, along with the improved characteristics of each.

                              [3 marks]

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                                Question 5b

                                Marks: 6
                                b)

                                Outline the process of selective breeding.

                                [6 marks]

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