a)
The diagram below shows a magnified view of a cell.
List the names of the structures L and N .
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b)
Another structure that would likely be present in the cell seen in part (a) is the golgi apparatus.
State the function of the golgi apparatus.
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c)
State which type of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) is featured in part (a).
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d)
Scientists have established a theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.
State the name of this theory.
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a)
The image below is of pollen grains taken under a light microscope.
[Source: By Ergriffi - Edit of File:Pollen grains on the surface of a stigma(Primula vulgaris).jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollen_grains_on_the_surface_of_a_stigma(Primula_vulgaris).jpg]
State which type of microscope would enable scientists to examine the pollen grains in more detail.
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b)
List two advantages of the electron microscope.
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c)
List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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State the name of the type of asexual reproduction that the prokaryotic cell in the diagram below is undergoing.
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a)
The first cells on Earth are thought to have arisen from non-living materials.
List four processes that scientists believe were required for the first cells to be formed.
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b)
The improvements in scientific apparatus has led to developments in scientific research, including having a better understanding of the ultrastructure of cells.
State the piece of apparatus that enabled scientists to examine the ultrastructure of cells.
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c)
List two structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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a)
Outline, with a reason, the function of the specialised cell shown below.
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b)
State which cell structure is shown below.
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c)
State the name the structure labelled X .
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One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.
a)
The diagram below shows an electron micrograph of a palisade mesophyll cell.
Draw a labelled diagram of this cell.
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b)
Outline the evidence scientists have provided to explain the origin of eukaryotic cells.
[4 marks]
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c)
Outline the experiment used by Pasteur to demonstrate cells only come from pre-existing cells.
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