a)
The diagram below represents a nucleosome.
Label parts A to C on the diagram.
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b)
Prokaryotic DNA does not form nucleosomes.
State the reason for this.
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c)
In eukaryotes, a great length of DNA is packed into a very small nucleus.
Describe how a nucleosome would contribute to make this possible.
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d)
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used a specific technique to study the structure of DNA.
State the name of this technique.
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a)
The diagram below shows the process of DNA replication.
Identify template strand X and Y of the original DNA molecule.
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b)
DNA replicates in a semi-conservative way.
Define the term 'semi-conservative' with regards to DNA replication.
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c)
One of the enzymes involved with DNA replication is DNA primase.
Describe the role of DNA primase during DNA replication.
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d)
DNA replication can only occur in the 5' to 3' direction in the new strand.
State the reason for this.
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a)
A crime was committed and the DNA profiles of the victim and a drop of blood found at the crime scene were constructed. These were compared to the DNA profiles of three possible suspects, as seen in the diagram below.
Identify the suspect that most likely committed the crime.
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b)
Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are short, non-coding regions of DNA that can be used in DNA profiling.
Explain the use of VNTRs in DNA profiling.
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c)
The diagram below represents the structure of a chromosome.
Label parts R and S of the chromosome.
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d)
R and S from the chromosome at part c) represents non-coding regions of DNA.
State the function of R and S in a chromosome.
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a)
The diagram below shows the experimental procedure followed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
State the aim of this experiment.
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b)
Based on the information in the diagram at part a), state one reason why viruses were used in this experiment.
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c)
Describe the events taking place between step 1 and 2 of the experiment.
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d)
State the results obtained at the end of step 3 .
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One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.
a)
Describe the roles of non-coding regions of DNA molecules.
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b)
The chain-termination method is one way in which DNA can be sequenced.
Outline the steps of the chain termination method of DNA sequencing.
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c)
Molecular visualisation software is a useful tool with which to study the structure of molecules.
State five applications of molecular visualisation software in the fields of medicine and science.
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