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DP IB Biology: HL

Topic Questions

Home / IB / Biology: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 4. Ecology / 4.1 Species, Communities, Ecosystems & Energy Flow / Structured Questions: Paper 2


4.1 Species, Communities, Ecosystems & Energy Flow

Question 1a

Marks: 1
a)
Give the definition of a species.
[1 mark]
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    Key Concepts
    Species

    Question 1b

    Marks: 1
    b)

    The image shows a woodland food web.

    GNlsx6J7_e-1b

    What word is used to collectively describe all the interbreeding foxes in the woodland represented by this food web?

    [1 mark]

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      Key Concepts
      Populations

      Question 1c

      Marks: 1
      c)
      Identify all the primary consumers from the forest food web.
      [1 mark]
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        Key Concepts
        Ecosystems

        Question 1d

        Marks: 2
        d)

        Consumers in this forest food web obtain organic molecules through eating organisms in the trophic level before.

        Which two elements do all organic molecules contain?
        [2 marks]
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          Question 2a

          Marks: 2
          a)

          This is a simple food web found in an ocean ecosystem.

          food chain atlantic ocean

          Identify an example of an organism from the food web which obtains food using the method of nutrition named in the table.

          Autotroph  
          Heterotroph  

          [2 marks]

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            Question 2b

            Marks: 1
            b)

            Identify an organism (or a group of organisms), not shown in the ocean food web, which feeds on all trophic levels of the food chain.

            [1 mark]
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              Question 2c

              Marks: 3
              c)

              Each of the three sentences about ecosystems contains one error.

              • In a functioning ecosystem, organisms are constantly recycled.
              • Detritivores obtain inorganic nutrients from the abiotic environment and convert them to organic molecules during photosynthesis.
              • Decomposition is fundamental in ensuring that ecosystems remain unsustainable over long periods of time.
              Identify and replace the incorrect word in each sentence.
              [3 marks]
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                Question 2d

                Marks: 2
                d)
                Where does the organism in the first trophic level of this ocean food web obtain the carbon that it uses to build organic molecules?
                [2 marks]
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                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 5
                  a)

                  Place a (✓) or (X) in the correct columns for each of the factors listed in the table below:

                    Biotic Abiotic
                  Sunlight    
                  Predation    
                  Food availability    
                  Mineral availability    
                  Temperature    

                  [5 marks]

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                    Key Concepts
                    Ecosystems

                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 1
                    b)

                    Abiotic factors can be controlled in order to study the response of a naturally occurring ecosystem using the set up below.42_KhR2j_e-3b

                    What is the name given to the set up shown in the image which allows the study of ecosystems?

                    [1 mark]

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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 3
                      c)
                      Suggest why the experiment set up in part b) should include the following features:
                      • A transparent container
                      • A lid to seal the container
                      • Minimal primary consumers and no secondary consumers

                      [3 marks]

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                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 2
                        d)

                        A mesocosm was set up to study the effect of increasing global temperatures on the biomass of aquatic autotrophs and heterotrophs.

                        The graph shows the data collected.

                        L-~BGqQe_e-3d

                        Describe what happened to the biomass of heterotrophs and autotrophs as temperatures increased from 21 °C to 27 °C.
                        [2 marks]
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                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 2
                          a)

                          When a consumer eats another organism, it converts chemical energy into other forms of energy, such as heat energy. This is represented in the energy transfer diagram below.

                          3t_dgZ3A_e-4a

                          Complete the diagram to identify the main energy transfer carried out by producers in a food chain.
                          [2 marks]
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                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 2
                            b)

                            A blackbird ate snails containing 1150 kJ of energy. Only 10% of this energy was transferred to the blackbird.

                            Calculate the energy transferred from the snails to the blackbird.
                            [2 marks]
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                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 3
                              c)
                              Identify three functions of life which rely on energy transferred in respiration.
                              [3 marks]
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                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 2
                                d)

                                The diagram shows the movement of energy through a food web.

                                e-4d

                                Explain why energy is transferred to the environment at each trophic level.
                                [2 marks]
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                                  Question 5a

                                  Marks: 5

                                  One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.

                                  a)
                                  Describe how a quadrat could be used to study the distribution of a particular species of clover plant in a meadow compared to a forest.
                                  [5 marks]
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                                    Question 5b

                                    Marks: 4
                                    b)
                                    Outline some of the reasons that energy is lost between each trophic level of the food chain.
                                    [4 marks]
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                                      Question 5c

                                      Marks: 6
                                      c)
                                      Describe, with examples, the different modes of nutrition used by organisms.
                                      [6 marks]
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