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DP IB Biology: HL

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Home / IB / Biology: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 7. Nucleic Acids (HL Only) / 7.3 Translation / Multiple Choice: Paper 1


7.3 Translation

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Question 1

Marks: 1

What is the correct sequence of events during the initiation stage of translation in eukaryotes?

  1. Small subunit of the ribosome binds to the 5’ end of mRNA
  2. Large ribosomal subunit binds to form the ribosome complex
  3. The ribosomal subunit moves along the mRNA until it locates a start codon
  4. An initiator tRNA binds
  5. Elongation of the polypeptide chain can begin                                                                                                                                  
     

    first

    →

    →

    →

    last
    A

    I

    II

    III

    V

    IV
    B

    II

    I

    IV

    III

    V
    C

    I

    II

    III

    IV

    V
    D

    I

    IV

    III

    II

    V
    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Initiation of Translation

    Question 2

    Marks: 1

    Which of the following is not a function of tRNA?

    • Helps translate anticodons into amino acids

    • Peptide bond formation linking amino acid to a polypeptide chain

    • Carrying a specific amino acid to the ribosome

    • Recognising codons on mRNA

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    tRNA-activating Enzymes

    Question 3

    Marks: 1

    During the elongation stage of translation the ribosome ‘translocates’ along the mRNA moving in a 5’ → 3’ direction.

    What is the immediate effect of this directional movement?

    • The tRNA occupying the P site moves to the A site

    • The E site becomes free

    • The tRNA occupying the A site moves to the P site

    • The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Elongation of the Polypeptide

    Question 4

    Marks: 1

    Which statements best describe ribosomes?

    I.

    They are composed of protein and ribosomal RNA

    II.

    They are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

    III.

    Ribosomal RNA provides structure

    IV.

    They consist of two equal-sized subunits

    • I only

    • I and II

    • I, II and III

    • I, II and IV

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Structure of Ribosomes

    Question 5

    Marks: 1

    In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes can be either free or bound.

    Which of the following proteins would most likely be synthesised by bound ribosomes?

    • Mitochondrial outer membrane protein

    • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in glycolysis

    • Lysosomal acid lipase

    • Histone protein

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Bound RIbosomes

    Question 6

    Marks: 1

    In prokaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation are said to be coupled, which means they can proceed simultaneously.

    Which is the key cellular feature of prokaryotes that allows this to happen?

    • Circular chromosomal DNA

    • Free ribosomes

    • The lack of a nucleus

    • The presence of introns in prokaryotic DNA

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Translation in Prokaryotes

    Question 7

    Marks: 1

    The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main human pathogens and can cause many serious infectious diseases. Mutations in the mec A gene has allowed S.aureus to become resistant to many antibiotics. The table below shows a (Clustal W) partial nucleotide sequence alignment of mec A for different isolates of S. aureus. The drug resistant strain has a base substitution mutation (shown in bold) which changes the amino acid residue from serine to threonine.

    S. aureus isolate 1

    AAC GGA ACC GGT AAG GAC GCG ATC ACC AGC

    S. aureus isolate 2

    AAC GGA ACC GGT AAG GAC GCG ATC ACC AGC

    S. aureus isolate 3

    AAC GGA ACC GGT AAG GAC GCG ATC ACC AGC

    Drug resistant strain

    AAC GGA ACC GGT AAG GAC GCG ATC ACC ACC

    Which of the following statements most likely explains how an amino acid change can cause antibiotic resistance?

    • Alteration of the drug target site which prevents binding

    • Prevents the bacterial cell from synthesising the target protein

    • Bacteria produce less of the target protein 

    • Can introduce a stop codon

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Protein structure
    Bioinformatics

    Question 8

    Marks: 1

    Which interactions or features differentiate tertiary structure from secondary structure in proteins?

    1. Hydrogen bonds
    2. Disulphide bridges
    3. Hydrophobic interactions
    4. Alpha-helices
    5. Interactions between R-groups of amino acids

    • I and II

    • II and V

    • II, III and IV 

    • II, III and V

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Protein structure
    Tertiary Structure

    Question 9

    Marks: 1

    Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of proteins?

    • The three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide chain

    • Arrangement of beta-pleated sheets

    • The linear sequence of amino acids

    • How polypeptide chains are arranged

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Quaternary Structure

    Question 10

    Marks: 1

    The diagram below represents an electron micrograph of eukaryotic polysomes.

    q10_7-3_translation_ib_biology_hl_mcq                      

    What is the main advantage that polysomes give to a eukaryotic cell?

    • Translation can be initiated before transcription is complete

    • Allows very long mRNA molecules to be translated

    • They increase the overall rate of translation

    • Allows structurally different polypeptides to be produced from the same mRNA

    Choose your answer
      
    Key Concepts
    Translation
    Identifying Polysomes


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