Which of the following is a correct definition of osmoconforming?
The osmolarity of an organism's body fluids matches those of other organisms around it.
Maintaining a constant body fluid osmolarity regardless of the osmolarity of the surrounding environment.
Cells with a lower osmolarity than the surrounding environment will gain water by osmosis and shrink.
The osmolarity of an organism's body fluids matches those of its surroundings.
Which row in the table correctly identifies the structures labelled 1-4 in the diagram of a nephron?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| A. | Glomerulus | Afferent arteriole | Loop of Henle | Collecting duct |
| B. | Glomerulus | Efferent arteriole | Proximal convoluted tubule | Collecting duct |
| C. | Bowman's capsule | Efferent arteriole | Loop of Henle | Distal convoluted tubule |
| D. | Bowman's capsule | Afferent arteriole | Proximal convoluted tubule | Renal pelvis |
Which of the following statements about dehydration is not correct?
Dehydration can result from excessive sweating.
During dehydration more metabolic waste is removed from the body.
Symptoms of dehydration include a drop in blood pressure and concentrated urine.
Dehydration can occur if water is lost from the body and not replaced.
Which of the following statements about excretion of nitrogenous waste are correct?
Nitrogenous waste comes from the breakdown of nucleic acids.
Excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of urea or uric acid is more energy efficient than excreting it in the form of ammonia.
I only.
I and III only.
I, II, and III.
II and III only.
Which of the following rows correctly shows the concentration of substances in dialysis fluid compared to the blood of an otherwise healthy individual at the start of dialysis?
| Ions | Glucose | Urea | |
| A. | Low | Similar | Low |
| B. | High | High | Low |
| C. | Similar | Similar | Low |
| D. | Similar | Similar | High |
