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DP IB Biology: HL

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Home / IB / Biology: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 3. Genetics / 3.2 Meiosis / Structured Questions: Paper 2


3.2 Meiosis

Question 1a

Marks: 2
a)

Outline the purpose of meiosis in living organisms.

[2 marks]

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    Question 1b

    Marks: 2
    b)

    The table below contains a series of statements about meiosis in human cells.

    Statement True / False
    2 daughter cells are produced False
    Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated  
    Daughter cells have the full number of chromosomes  
    Two cycles of division take place  
    DNA replication occurs before the process begins  

    Complete the table by indicating whether each statement is true or false. The first row has been completed for you.

    [2 marks]

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      Key Concepts
      Meiosis

      Question 1c

      Marks: 2
      c)

      The diagram below shows a simplified life cycle of a fern plant.

      1-6

      Identify the types of cell division taking place at the positions marked A and B.

      [2 marks]

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        Key Concepts
        Sexual Life Cycle

        Question 1d

        Marks: 1
        d)

        Identify the process taking place at the position marked C in the diagram in part c).

        [1 mark]

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          Key Concepts
          Sexual Life Cycle

          Question 2a

          Marks: 2
          a)

          The process of meiosis was discovered in the late 1800s.

          i)

          State one challenge that would have been faced by the scientists studying cell division at this time.

          [1 mark]

          ii)

          Describe an observation that would have led to the discovery of meiosis.

          [1 mark]

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            Key Concepts
            Discovery of Meiosis

            Question 2b

            Marks: 3
            b)

            The image below shows two chromosomes.

            e-2c

            i)

            Identify the structures labelled X and Y.

            [2 marks]

            ii)

            Structures Y and are identical.

            State why this is the case.

            [1 mark]

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              Question 2c

              Marks: 2
              c)

              The two chromosomes shown in part b) can be described as homologous chromosomes.

              Define the term homologous chromosome.

              [2 marks]

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                Key Concepts
                Homologous Chromosomes

                Question 2d

                Marks: 1
                d)

                During meiosis the homologous chromosomes shown in part b) are separated.

                Identify the stage of meiosis during which the homologous chromosomes are separated.

                [1 mark]

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                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 1
                  a)

                  The image below shows a summary of the events during mitosis and meiosis.

                  3-1

                  Identify the process taking place at the stage marked X.

                  [1 mark]

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                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 2
                    b)

                    The stage marked Y on the image in part a) shows a change in the amount of genetic material in the cells.

                    Describe the events that take place in order for this change to occur.

                    [2 marks]

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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 2
                      c)

                      During division 1 shown in the image in part a) a process known as crossing over takes place.

                      Outline the events that take place during crossing over.

                      [2 marks]

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                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 1
                        d)

                        Crossing over generates genetic variation.

                        Other than crossing over, identify one other process that generates genetic variation during sexual reproduction.

                        [1 mark]

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                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 1
                          a)

                          The image below shows a pair of chromosomes during meiosis.

                          mq3b

                          i)

                          Identify the process taking place in the image.

                          [1 mark]

                          ii)

                          Label the image with an X to show the location of the chiasmata.

                          [1 mark]

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                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 2
                            b)

                            State the alleles that will be present on each of the grey shaded chromatids at the end of the process shown in part a).

                            [2 marks]

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                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 2
                              c)

                              There are many different possible combinations of chromosomes that can be found in the daughter cells produced during meiosis.

                              Use the formula 2n to calculate the number of possible chromosome combinations that can be generated in domestic cat gametes. Note that the adult cells of domestic cats contain 38 chromosomes.

                              [2 marks]

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                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 2
                                d)

                                Another source of variation during meiosis is a chromosome mutation that results from an event known as chromosome non-disjunction.

                                i)

                                State the meaning of the term non-disjunction.

                                [1 mark]

                                ii)

                                Identify one factor that increases the risk of chromosome non-disjunction occurring during meiosis.

                                [1 mark]

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                                  Key Concepts
                                  Non-disjunction

                                  Question 5a

                                  Marks: 3
                                  One mark is available for clarity of communication throughout this question.



                                  a)
                                  Draw an annotated diagram of a cell in telophase I. The chromosomes should be clearly defined in your diagram.

                                  [3 marks]

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                                    Question 5b

                                    Marks: 5
                                    b)

                                    Outline the production of a karyogram for the purpose of screening the chromosomes of a developing embryo.

                                    [5 marks]

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