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DP IB Chemistry: HL

Topic Questions

Home / IB / Chemistry: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 20. Organic Chemistry (HL only) / 20.1 Types of Organic Reactions / Structured Questions: Paper 2


20.1 Types of Organic Reactions

Question 1a

Marks: 2
a)
Define the term nucleophile
[2]
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    Question 1b

    Marks: 2
    b)
    Explain why the hydroxide ion, OH, is a stronger nucleophile than water. 
    [2]
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      Question 1c

      Marks: 1
      c)
      State the two ways a nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur. 

      [1]

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        Question 1d

        Marks: 1
        d)
        State the the name of the mechanism occurring in the image below which will form ethanol in one step. 
        ib-hl-sq-e-20-1-chem-q1d-sn2-mechanism
        [1]
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          Question 2a

          Marks: 6
          a)
          The start of the electrophilic addition mechanism for the addition of hydrogen bromide to ethene is shown below:

          7

             Complete the mechanism by:

          i)
          Adding two curly arrows and the partial charges, δ+ / δ-, to the reactants.
          [3]
          ii)
          Adding the correct charge to the carbocation intermediate, adding the anion, including its lone pair, and one curly arrow to the intermediate step.
          [3]
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            Question 2b

            Marks: 1
            b)
            Draw the product of the reaction in part a).
            [1]
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              Question 2c

              Marks: 2
              c)
              The electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to but-1-ene results in two isomeric products - one is a major product and one is a minor product. The first steps of the electrophilic addition mechanism are shown below:
              9

               

              i)
              Draw the displayed formula of the secondary carbocation intermediate that forms the
              major product.
              [1]

              ii)
              Draw the displayed formula of the primary carbocation intermediate that forms the minor product.
              [1]

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                Question 2d

                Marks: 1
                d)
                Explain why the secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation.
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                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 1
                  a)
                  Name the type of mechanism that benzene will undergo in order to form nitrobenzene.
                  [1]
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                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 1
                    b)
                    State the reagents required to form nitrobenzene from benzene.
                    [1]
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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 2
                      c)
                      Phenylamine, C6H5NH2 , can be formed from nitrobenzene. State the reagents required. 
                      [2]
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                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 3
                        d)
                        Outline the mechanism for the formation of nitrobenzene from benzene.
                        [3]
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                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 2
                          a)
                          State what is meant by the term protic, polar solvent.
                          [2]
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                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 2
                            b)
                            State what is meant by the term aprotic , polar solvent.
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                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 2
                              c)
                              State which type of solvent is best suited to the following nucleophilic substitution reactions.

                              i)
                              SN1
                              [1]

                              ii)
                              SN2
                              [1]

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                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 1
                                d)
                                Identify the type of reaction that converts aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding parent alcohol.
                                [1]
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                                  Key Concepts
                                  Reduction Reactions

                                  Question 4e

                                  Marks: 1
                                  e)
                                  Name a reducing agents that can convert aldehydes and ketones into their corresponding alcohols.
                                  [1]
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                                    Key Concepts
                                    Reduction Reactions

                                    Question 5a

                                    Marks: 3
                                    a)
                                    2-chloro-2-methylpropane is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide in ethanol and heated under reflux.

                                    i)
                                    Deduce the class of halogenoalkane that 2-chloro-2-methylpropane belongs to.
                                    [1]

                                    ii)
                                    State the name of the product formed in this reaction.
                                    [1]

                                    iii)
                                    State the type of mechanism that this reaction will favour.
                                    [1]
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                                      Question 5b

                                      Marks: 4
                                      b)
                                      Outline the mechanism for the reaction given in part a).

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                                        Question 5c

                                        Marks: 1
                                        c)
                                        State the type of bond breaking that occurs in this mechanism.
                                        [1]
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                                          Question 5d

                                          Marks: 3
                                          d)
                                          A student stated that changing the halogenoalkane for the reaction in part a) to 2-iodo-2-methylpropane, the reaction would be quicker. Is the student correct? Explain your answer. 
                                          [3]
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