Halogen molecules can react with alkenes to produce halogenoalkanes which contain two halogen atoms. Explain why halogen molecules can react with alkenes.
The major product from the reaction of part b) forms an alcohol when reacted with water. Predict the type of mechanism for this reaction and the structure of the alcohol.
i)
State the type of mechanism that will occur.
[1]
ii)
Give the structure of the alcohol formed.
[1]
iii)
Explain why ethanol would be a suitable solvent for this reaction
The theoretical molecule cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene reacts differently with bromine than benzene. Benzene will react with bromine in the presence of aluminium bromide. Outline the mechanism for this reaction.
Phenylamine can be formed from nitrobenzene in two steps. The first step involves heating nitrobenzene in a water bath under reflux with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid.
i)
Write a full redox equation for this first step.
[1]
ii)
Explain how phenylamine is formed in the second step of this reaction.
When NaBH4 is used as a reducing agent followed by the addition of acid, the reduction products of ketones can exhibit optical isomerism, while the reduction products of aldehydes cannot.
i)
Classify the reduction products of aldehydes and ketones.
[2]
ii)
Explain why the reduction products of ketones can exhibit optical isomerism, while the reduction products of aldehydes cannot.
