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DP IB Chemistry: HL

Topic Questions

Home / IB / Chemistry: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 14. Chemical Bonding & Structure (HL only) / 14.2 Further Aspects of Bonding / Structured Questions: Paper 2


14.2 Further Aspects of Bonding

Question 1a

Marks: 1
a)
Ibuprofen is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It contains a benzene ring and a carboxylic acid at the end of one of the branches.

ibuprofen-structure-ib-hl-sq-h-14-2-q1a

Deduce the number of resonance structures possible in the deprotonated form of ibuprofen.

[1]

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    Question 1b

    Marks: 2
    b)
    Deduce the number of:
     
    i)
    Sigma (σ) bonds in ibuprofen

    [1]

    ii)
    Pi (π) electrons in ibuprofen

    [1]

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      Question 1c

      Marks: 2
      c)
      The ibuprofen molecule contains both sp3 and sp2 hybridised orbitals.
       
      i)
      Identify how many sp3 hybrid orbitals are present.

      [1]

      ii)
      Identify how many sp2 hybrid orbitals are present.

      [1]

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        Question 1d

        Marks: 3
        d)
        Explain why the benzene ring is a regular, planar hexagon.

        [3]

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          Question 2a

          Marks: 2
          a)
          2-hydroxypropanenitrile, CH3CHOHCN, is a hydroxynitrile that can be formed from ethanal in a nucleophilic addition reaction.

          Deduce the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in a molecule of 2-hydroxypropanenitrile.

          [2]

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            Question 2b

            Marks: 3
            b)
            Deduce the number of sp3, sp2 and sp hybrid orbitals in a molecule of 2-hydroxypropanenitrile.

            [3]

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              Question 2c

              Marks: 5
              c)
              Describe how the concept of hybridisation can be used to explain the formation of the triple bond and C-C-N bond angle in 2-hydroxypropanenitrile.

              [5]

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                Question 2d

                Marks: 3
                d)
                Explain why, despite the high electron density in the triple bond, the triple bonded nitrile group is a more stable structure than the following alternative Lewis structure:

                alternative-lewis-structure-for-2-hydroxypropanenitrile-ib-hl-sq-h-14-2-q2d

                [3]

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                  Key Concepts
                  Applying Formal Charge

                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 4
                  a)
                  Predict whether ozone, O3, is a polar or non-polar molecule. Explain your choice.

                  [4]

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                    Key Concepts
                    Ozone Revisited

                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 2
                    b)
                    Ozone can be both formed and depleted by reactions with an oxygen radical, which is an oxygen atom.
                    Draw a diagram to support an explanation of why an oxygen atom is a radical.

                    [2]

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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 3
                      c)
                      Ozone can be made and depleted in reactions involving other forms of oxygen only.
                       
                      i)
                      Write one equation to show the natural formation of ozone in the atmosphere.

                      [1]

                      ii)
                      Write two equations to show the steps in the natural depletion of ozone in the atmosphere.

                      [2]

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                        Key Concepts
                        Catalytic Depletion

                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 6
                        d)
                        For each of the equations in part c), deduce whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic and explain your choices.

                        [3]

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                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 3
                          a)
                          Trichlorofluoromethane is a banned CFC, as it can lead to accelerated ozone depletion.
                          Write equations to show the mechanism of catalysis of ozone depletion by trichlorofluoromethane.
                          [3]
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                            Key Concepts
                            Catalytic Depletion

                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 4
                            b)
                            It is possible for the chlorine radical to undergo a termination reaction where it joins with another organic radical available, and can reform the original molecule:

                            Cl (g) + CCl2F (g) → CCl3F (g)

                            Explain why this is not a solution to the depletion of ozone.

                            [4]

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                              Key Concepts
                              Catalytic Depletion

                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 3
                              c)
                              CFCs have been replaced by other inert compounds, including FCs, which are fluorocarbons.

                              Explain why these do not pose a threat to ozone depletion.

                              [3]

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                                Key Concepts
                                Catalytic Depletion

                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 4
                                d)
                                Compounds containing iodine and carbon are usually broken down lower in the atmosphere, beneath the ozone layer. Suggest why iodocarbons are not popular alternatives to CFCs.

                                [4]

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                                  Key Concepts
                                  Catalytic Depletion