Question 1a

Marks: 2

a)

Give the full electron configuration of the following atoms and ions.

ii) Zinc (II) ion, Zn²⁺

[1]

iii) Copper (II) ion, Cu²⁺

[1]

Key Concepts

Determining Electronic Configurations

Question 1b

Marks: 3

b)

Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, ³⁵Cl with a mass of 34.969 and ³⁷Cl with a mass of 36.966. The relative atomic mass of Cl is 35.5. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope.

[3]

Key Concepts

Relative Atomic Mass Calculations

Question 1c

Marks: 2

c)

Predict whether the atomic radius of ³⁵Cl or ³⁷Cl would be the greater and give a reason for your answer.

[2]

Key Concepts

Isotopes: Basics

Question 1d

Marks: 4

d)

A sample of cerium, Ce, was analysed in a mass spectrometer. The relative abundances of three of the four main isotopes that were identified are shown in the table below.

A sample of cerium, Ce, has four isotopes that have a known relative abundance. This sample has an A_rof 140.12.

Isotope	¹³⁶Ce	¹³⁸Ce	¹⁴⁰Ce	^mCe
Abundance (%)	0.19	0.25	88.45	To be calculated

Use the data from the table to calculate m, the mass number and the percentage abundance of isotope ^mCe.

[4]

Key Concepts

Relative Atomic Mass Calculations

Question 2a

Marks: 3

a)

A sample of element Z was extracted from a meteorite. The table shows the relative abundance of each isotope in a mass spectrum of this sample of Z. Calculate the relative atomic mass of Z and suggest an identity of Z. Give your answer to 1 d.p.

m/z value	64	66	67	68
Relative abundance (%)	38.9	27.8	14.7	18.6

[3]

Key Concepts

Relative Atomic Mass Calculations

Question 2b

Marks: 3

b)

A naturally occurring sample of the element boron, B, has two isotopes of mass 10 and 11, and a relative atomic mass of 10.8.

Calculate the relative abundances of both isotopes in the sample of boron, B.

[3]

Key Concepts

Relative Atomic Mass Calculations

Question 2c

Marks: 1

c) Give the full electron configuration of the Cu⁺ ion.

[1]

Key Concepts

Determining Electronic Configurations

Question 2d

Marks: 3

d)

Calculate the percentage abundance of ⁶³Cu with a mass of 62.9296 and ⁶⁵Cu with a mass of 64.9278, when the average mass of the Cu isotope is 63.546. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

Key Concepts

Relative Atomic Mass Calculations

Question 3a

Marks: 1

a)

The diagram below shows electron transitions in a hydrogen atom in two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Using section 3 of the Data booklet, predict which electron transition is most likely to correspond to the emission of red light.

[1]

Key Concepts

The electromagnetic spectrum
The hydrogen spectrum

Question 3b

Marks: 1

b)

Using sections 1 and 3 of the data booklet, predict which electron transition will correspond to the greatest frequency of light emitted.

Key Concepts

The electromagnetic spectrum
The hydrogen spectrum

Question 3c

Marks: 1

c)

The wavelengths of the first four lines for the Balmer series are shown below.

Balmer spectral line	Wavelength in nm	Colour
H_α	656	red
H_β	486	cyan(blue)
H_γ	434	blue
H_δ	410	violet

Using section 1 of the Data booklet, determine the ratio of the frequencies H_α to H_γto 2 decimal places.

[1]

Key Concepts

The electromagnetic spectrum
The hydrogen spectrum

Question 3d

Marks: 1

d)

2-chloro-2-methylbutane contains some molecules with a molar mass of approximately 106 g mol^-1 and some with a molar mass of approximately 108 g mol^-1.

Outline why there are molecules with different molar masses.

Key Concepts

Isotopes: Basics

Question 4a

Marks: 2

a)

Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom.

Key Concepts

Atomic & Ionic Radius
Electron Configurations: Explained

Question 4b

Marks: 1

b)

The mass spectrum of chlorine gas is shown.

chlorine-mass-spectrum

Outline the reason for the two peaks at m/z=35 and 37.

Key Concepts

Isotopes: Basics

Question 4c

Marks: 2

c)

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at m/z=74.

Key Concepts

Isotopes: Basics
Halogens

DP IB Chemistry: HL

Topic Questions

2.1 Atomic & Electronic Structure

Question 1a

Key Concepts

Question 1b

Key Concepts

Question 1c

Key Concepts

Question 1d

Key Concepts

Question 2a

Key Concepts

Question 2b

Key Concepts

Question 2c

Key Concepts

Question 2d

Key Concepts

Question 3a

Key Concepts

Question 3b

Key Concepts

Question 3c

Key Concepts

Question 3d

Key Concepts

Question 4a

Key Concepts

Question 4b

Key Concepts

Question 4c

Key Concepts

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