10.2 Functional Group Chemistry

There are three steps to the free radical substitution mechanism. When ethane and chlorine react in the presence of UV light, chloroethane is produced. Write the equation for the initiation step.

State the type of bond breaking that occurs in the initiation reaction to produce free radicals. 

State the balanced symbol equations for the complete combustion of propane and propanol. 

                  Step 1                   Step 2                     Step 3

Using your answer to part (b) to state the colour change for step 2.

Explain why 2-methylpropan-2-ol will not form a carboxylic acid. 

Benzene undergoes substitution reactions. State the equation for the reaction of benzene with nitric acid to produce nitrobenzene and water.

The structure of methylbenzene is shown below.

Draw the structures of the two isomers of choromethylbenzene formed from the reaction of methyl benzene and Cl₂ in the presence of AlCl₃. 

State the type of reaction that benzene will typically undergo. 

The structure of but-1-ene is shown below.

Draw and state the name of the secondary halogenoalkane formed when but-1-ene reacts with HCl. 

Explain why halogenoalaknes are more reactive than alkanes.

State the reagents and conditions required for the formation of propan-1-ol from 1-bromopropane. 

The type of reaction outlined in part (c) is nucleophilic substitution. State the meaning of the term nucleophile.