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DP IB Physics: HL

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Home / IB / Physics: HL / DP / Topic Questions / 7. Atomic, Nuclear & Particle Physics / 7.2 Nuclear Reactions / Multiple Choice


7.2 Nuclear Reactions

Question 1

Marks: 1

A nucleus X presubscript Z presuperscript A has a mass M. 

Which of the following expressions correctly represents the binding energy per nucleon of this nucleus in terms of the speed of light c, the mass of a proton mp and the mass of a neutron mn

  • open parentheses fraction numerator Z m subscript straight p plus A m subscript straight n minus M over denominator A end fraction close parentheses c squared

  • open parentheses fraction numerator Z m subscript straight p plus open parentheses A minus Z close parentheses m subscript straight n minus M over denominator Z end fraction close parentheses c squared

  • open parentheses fraction numerator Z m subscript straight p plus open parentheses Z minus A close parentheses m subscript straight n minus M over denominator A end fraction close parentheses c squared

  • open parentheses fraction numerator Z m subscript straight p plus open parentheses A minus Z close parentheses m subscript straight n minus M over denominator A end fraction close parentheses c squared

Choose your answer
  

Question 2

Marks: 1

A nuclear reaction can be written in the form:

W plus X equals Y plus Z

Energy is released during this reaction. 

Which of the following is correct regarding the masses m and the binding energies b of the nuclides?

  Binding energy Mass
A. b subscript W plus b subscript X less than b subscript Y plus b subscript Z m subscript W plus m subscript X less than m subscript Y plus m subscript Z
B. b subscript W plus b subscript X greater than b subscript Y plus b subscript Z m subscript W plus m subscript X less than m subscript Y plus m subscript Z
C. b subscript W plus b subscript X less than b subscript Y plus b subscript Z m subscript W plus m subscript X greater than m subscript Y plus m subscript Z
D. b subscript W plus b subscript X greater than b subscript Y plus b subscript Z m subscript W plus m subscript X greater than m subscript Y plus m subscript Z
    Choose your answer
      

    Question 3

    Marks: 1

    One possible fission reaction for uranium−235 is:

    straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 235 space rightwards arrow Ba presubscript straight X presuperscript 141 space plus Kr presubscript straight Z presuperscript straight Y space plus 3 straight n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1

    The proton number of barium is 20 more than the proton number of krypton. The measured mass of this nucleus is M.

    Which expression gives the mass defect associated with the krypton nucleus?

    • 56 m subscript p plus 35 m subscript n minus M

    • 36 m subscript p plus 55 m subscript n minus M

    • fraction numerator 36 m subscript p plus 55 m subscript n over denominator M end fraction

    • 56 m subscript p plus 55 m subscript n plus M

    Choose your answer
      

    Question 4

    Marks: 1

    The mass of a nucleus of rutherfordium−254 is 254.1001u.

    Which of the following is not equal to the energy of this nucleus?

    • 254.1001 space cross times 931.5 space straight M text eV c end text to the power of negative 2 end exponent

    • 254.1001 space cross times 931.5 cross times open parentheses 1.6 cross times 10 to the power of negative 19 end exponent close parentheses space straight J

    • 254.1001 space cross times open parentheses 1.661 cross times 10 to the power of negative 27 end exponent close parentheses cross times open parentheses 3.00 cross times 10 to the power of 8 close parentheses squared space straight J

    • 254.1001 space cross times 931.5 cross times open parentheses 1.6 cross times 10 to the power of negative 13 end exponent close parentheses space straight J

    Choose your answer
      

    Question 5

    Marks: 1

    Fusion of Hydrogen can be simply modelled within the Sun by using the following reaction:

    H presubscript 1 presuperscript 4 rightwards arrow scriptbase H e end scriptbase presubscript 2 presuperscript 4 plus 2 scriptbase e to the power of plus end scriptbase presubscript 1 presuperscript 0 plus 2 upsilon subscript e plus gamma presubscript 0 presuperscript 0

    This reaction releases about 30 MeV of energy. If the Sun has a power output of 3.9 × 1026 W, approximately how many of these fusion reactions are occurring every second?

    • 3.67 × 1020 reactions per second

    • 5.12 × 1026 reactions per second

    • 8.88 × 1033 reactions per second

    • 9.13 × 1037 reactions per second

    Choose your answer
      

    Question 6

    Marks: 1

    Following the development of the atomic bomb, scientists discovered that they could create elements heavier than uranium by bombarding nuclei with neutrons. These reactions, where smaller nuclei are combined to form a heavier nucleus are called fusion reactions.

    Fusion reactions are balanced in exactly the same way as radioactive decay equations. Two incomplete examples are given below:

    Reaction 1. U presubscript 92 presuperscript 238 space plus space n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 space rightwards arrow space U presubscript blank presuperscript blank

    Reaction 2. P presubscript 94 presuperscript 239 u space plus 2 space n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 space rightwards arrow space A presubscript blank presuperscript blank m space plus space e presubscript negative 1 end presubscript presuperscript 0

    What are the missing products of these fusion reactions?

     

    Reaction 1

    Reaction 2

    A.

    straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 239 Am presubscript 95 presuperscript 240

    B.

    straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 239 Am presubscript 95 presuperscript 241

    C.

    straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 237 Am presubscript 95 presuperscript 237

    D.

    straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 237 Am presubscript 95 presuperscript 241

      Choose your answer
        

      Question 7

      Marks: 1

      Nuclear power stations use a fission reactor to create a nuclear reaction. A nucleus absorbs one neutron, leading to a reaction where more than one neutron is released. These neutrons in turn will set off more reactions in a process called a chain reaction.

      Which one of these decay processes would be suitable to create a chain reaction?

      • B presubscript 5 presuperscript 10 space plus space n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 space rightwards arrow space L presubscript 3 presuperscript 7 i space plus space____

      • A presubscript 13 presuperscript 27 l space plus space a presubscript 2 presuperscript 4 space rightwards arrow space P presubscript 15 presuperscript 30 space plus space____

      • P presubscript 15 presuperscript 30 rightwards arrow space S presubscript 14 presuperscript 30 i space plus space____

      • U presubscript 92 presuperscript 235 space plus space n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 space rightwards arrow space C presubscript 55 presuperscript 138 s space plus space R presubscript 37 presuperscript 95 b space plus space____

      Choose your answer
        
      Key Concepts
      AZX Notation

      Question 8

      Marks: 1

      A stationary uranium-238 nucleus decays by alpha-emission, as shown in the equation below:

      straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 238 rightwards arrow Th presubscript 90 presuperscript 234 plus straight alpha presubscript 2 presuperscript 4

      This decay generates a total energy E

      Which of the following statements is correct regarding the kinetic energy of the alpha particle?

      • It is slightly less than 0.5E

      • It is equal to E

      • It is slightly greater than 0.5E

      • It is slightly less than E

      Choose your answer
        

      Question 9

      Marks: 1

      Which of the following shows a possible reaction caused by bombardment by an alpha particle?

      • straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 14 space plus space straight X rightwards arrow straight O presubscript 8 presuperscript 17 space plus space straight n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1

      • straight N presubscript 8 presuperscript 17 space plus space straight X rightwards arrow straight F presubscript 9 presuperscript 20 space plus space straight p presubscript 1 presuperscript 1

      • scriptbase text O end text end scriptbase presubscript 8 presuperscript 17 space plus space straight X rightwards arrow straight B presubscript 5 presuperscript 13 space plus space He presubscript 2 presuperscript 4

      • straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 14 space plus space straight X rightwards arrow straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 11 space plus space He presubscript 2 presuperscript 4

      Choose your answer
        

      Question 10

      Marks: 1

      A certain reaction is:

      straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 235 space plus space straight n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 rightwards arrow Ba presubscript 56 presuperscript 141 space plus space Kr presubscript 36 presuperscript 92 space plus 3 straight n presubscript 0 presuperscript 1 space plus space left parenthesis energy right parenthesis

      Which process is demonstrated by this reaction?

      • Alpha decay

      • Beta decay

      • Nuclear fission

      • Nuclear fusion

      Choose your answer