A railway carriage, C1, of mass 1100 kg is rolling along a horizontal track at a speed of 6 m s−1 towards a stationary carriage, C2, as shown below. Carriage C2 has a mass of 3300 kg.
(b)
Calculate:
(i)
The initial momentum of carriage C1 before the collision
[2]
(ii)
The initial momentum of carriage C2 before the collision.
A film stuntman, of mass 85.0 kg, is being trained to jump off high objects.
In one scene he steps off a roof and falls vertically to the ground below. Just before he hits the ground he has a velocity of 9.08 m s−1. After he has landed on the ground he remains at rest.
Zorbing is an activity which involves a person running inside an inflatable ball, called a ‘zorb’. Two zorbs, A and B, collide head on with each other, as shown. The total mass of zorb A and its occupant is 75 kg and the total mass of zorb Band its occupant is 60 kg. Before the collision, zorb A is travelling at 2.0 m s−1 and zorb B is travelling at 1.5 m s−1.
(a)
Calculate:
(i)
The momentum of zorb A before the collision
[2]
(ii)
The momentum of zorb B before the collision
[2]
(iii)
The total momentum of both zorbs before the collision
After the collision, both zorbs bounce off each other and move in opposite directions, as shown below. Zorb A travels at 0.8 m s−1 and zorb B travels at 2.0 m s−1.
(b)
Calculate:
(i)
The momentum of zorb A after the collision
[2]
(ii)
The momentum of zorb B after the collision
[2]
(iii)
The total momentum of both zorbs after the collision
The car has a force sensor attached to the bumper which detects the force exerted on the front of the car. The graph below shows the variation of force with time for the duration of the collision.
(c)
Use the graph to show that the impulse of the collision is 625 N s.