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DP IB Physics: HL

Topic Questions

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3.1 Thermal Concepts

Question 1a

Marks: 2
(a)
Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.
[2]
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    Key Concepts
    Specific Latent Heat

    Question 1b

    Marks: 3
    (b)
    Draw a line to indicate which molecular model of matter matches with which state.

     

    3-1-qu-1b-sl-sq-easy-phy
    [3]
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      Question 1c

      Marks: 3

      The following statements are about the molecular model of matter.

      The potential energy changes during change of _______.

      Potential energy is greater for _______ than for _______ more energy is required to _______ bonds than just _______ them.

      Therefore, specific latent heat of _______ is _______ than specific latent heat of _______ for any substance.

      (c)
      Complete the missing gaps using keywords from the list provided.
      You may use any keyword once, more than once, or not at all.
        weaken  
        fusion  
        break  
        greater  
        vaporisation  
        less   
        state  

      [3]

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        Key Concepts
        Specific Latent Heat

        Question 1d

        Marks: 4

        A 2.5 g block of ice is placed into a beaker of water where 825 J of energy is needed to melt the ice completely. 

        (d)

         

        (i)   Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
        [3]
        (ii)  State an assumption that you have made in your answer to part (i).
        [1]
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          Key Concepts
          Specific Latent Heat

          Question 2a

          Marks: 2
          a)
          Define specific heat capacity.
          [2]
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            Key Concepts
            Specific Heat Capacity

            Question 2b

            Marks: 3

            The change in thermal energy, Q is given by the equation:

            Q = mcΔT

            (b)
            Define the following variables and state an appropriate unit for each:
             
            (i)
            m
            [1]
            (ii)
            c
            [1]
            (iii)
            ΔT
            [1]
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              Key Concepts
              Specific Heat Capacity

              Question 2c

              Marks: 1

              A hot piece of copper is placed into a container of cold water. After a time, the copper and water reach thermal equilibrium.

              (c)
              Outline how it would be known when the copper and water reach thermal equilibrium.
              [1]
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                Key Concepts
                Temperature

                Question 2d

                Marks: 4

                The following data are available: 

                 Energy transferred to water = 5.6 kJ

                 Mass of copper = 0.72 kg 

                 Specific heat capacity of copper = 389 J kg–1 K–1

                (d)
                Calculate the change in temperature of the copper.
                [4]
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                  Key Concepts
                  Specific Heat Capacity

                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 2
                  (a)
                  Define internal energy
                  [2]
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                    Key Concepts
                    Internal Energy

                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 1

                    The fraction of the internal energy that is due to molecular vibration varies in the different states of matter.

                    (b)
                    Arrange the following states of matter from highest to lowest fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration.
                     
                    Gas Solid Liquid

                    [1]

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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 2

                      The heating graph shows the change in temperature against energy supplied for a specific substance.

                      qu-4c-figure-2

                      (c)
                      Label the following on the graph:

                       

                      (i)
                      Solid, liquid and gas
                      [1]
                      (ii)
                      Melting and boiling
                      [1]
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                        Key Concepts
                        Phase Change Graphs

                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 2
                        (d)
                        Label on the graph in part (c) the freezing point and the boiling point on the temperature axis.
                        [2]
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                          Key Concepts
                          Phase Change Graphs

                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 1
                          (a)
                          Define thermal energy.
                          [1]
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                            Key Concepts
                            Temperature

                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 4

                            An immersion heater is placed in a beaker containing 350 g of water at a temperature of 15 °C. After some time, the temperature of the water is 42 °C. The thermal capacity of the beaker is negligible and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 × 103 J kg–1 K–1.

                            (b)
                            Estimate the change in internal energy of the water.
                            [4]
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                              Key Concepts
                              Specific Heat Capacity

                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 3

                              The water is further heated until it starts to boil at constant temperature.

                              (c)
                              Choose the correct word in the explanation for this scenario:

                               All the (internal / thermal) energy is used to (separate / fuse) the molecules and not to increase their average (potential /  kinetic) energy

                              [3]

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                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 2
                                (d)
                                If water had a higher specific heat capacity, state two differences this would make to boiling water using an immersion heater.
                                [2]
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                                  Key Concepts
                                  Specific Heat Capacity

                                  Question 5a

                                  Marks: 2
                                  (a)
                                  Define the latent heat of vaporisation of a substance.
                                  [2]
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                                    Key Concepts
                                    Specific Latent Heat

                                    Question 5b

                                    Marks: 2
                                    (b)
                                    Place a tick () next to the correct phase change for using specific latent heat of vaporisation and fusion in the following table.
                                     
                                      Evaporation Melting Freezing Condensation
                                    Latent heat of vaporisation        
                                    Latent heat of fusion        

                                    [2]

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                                      Question 5c

                                      Marks: 2

                                      The energy required to change the phase of a substance is given by

                                      Q = mL

                                      (c)
                                      Define the following variables and state an appropriate unit for each:

                                       

                                      (i)
                                      m
                                      [1]
                                      (ii)
                                      L

                                       [1]

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                                        Key Concepts
                                        Specific Latent Heat

                                        Question 5d

                                        Marks: 4

                                        3400 J of energy is needed to convert 16 g of oxygen from solid to a liquid.

                                        (d)
                                        Calculate the latent heat of vaporisation of oxygen.
                                        [4]
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                                          Key Concepts
                                          Specific Latent Heat