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DP IB Physics: HL

Topic Questions

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2.1 Motion

Question 1a

Marks: 2

One end of an elastic climbing rope is fixed to the top of a crane. The other end of the rope is connected to a block which is initially at position A. The block is released from rest. The mass of the rope is negligible. 

2-1-1a-sl-sq-easy-phy

The full length of the rope is 60.0 m. From position A to B, the block falls freely. 

(a)

(i)
State the block's acceleration between position A and B. 
[1]
(ii)
Describe how the velocity of the block changes between position A and B.
[1]
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    Question 1b

    Marks: 2
    (b)
    Calculate the speed of the block at position B. 
    [2]
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      Question 1c

      Marks: 2
      (c)
      At position B the rope starts to extend. Position C is the point at which the rope is fully extended. Describe the motion of the block between position B and C.
      [2] 
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        Question 1d

        Marks: 2

        Between position B and C the resultant force on the block changes, because the tension in the rope increases as the rope extends. 

        (d)
        State and explain whether a SUVAT equation can be used to determine the distance the block falls between position B and C. 
        [2]
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          Question 2a

          Marks: 2

          An experimenter throws a small object upwards. The graph shows the variation of velocity v with time t of the object. 

          2-1-2a-sl-sq-easy-phy

          (a)
          Explain why the gradient of the graph between t = 0.0 s and t = 0.5 s is roughly 10 m s–2
          [2]
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            Key Concepts
            Motion Graphs

            Question 2b

            Marks: 3
            (b)
            Use the graph to calculate the displacement of the object between t = 0 s and t = 0.5 s. 
            [3]
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              Key Concepts
              Motion Graphs

              Question 2c

              Marks: 2
              (c)
              State and explain the motion of the object at t = 0.5 s.  
              [2]
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                Key Concepts
                Motion Graphs

                Question 2d

                Marks: 2

                The experimenter states that the velocity-time graph shows the object travels the same distance upwards and it does downwards. 

                (d)
                Explain how the velocity-time graph shows the distance travelled by the object is the same upwards as it is downwards.
                [2]
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                  Question 3a

                  Marks: 2

                  Examination questions on projectile motion often involves objects moving vertically through the atmosphere. 

                  2-1-3a-sl-sq-easy-phy

                  The object shown moves vertically downwards through the atmosphere.

                  (a)
                  Identify the two forces acting on the object and label them on the diagram.
                  [2]

                    

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                    Question 3b

                    Marks: 2

                    Often, a simplifying condition is assumed so that, in these cases, only a single force acts on objects as they move through the atmosphere. 

                    (b)

                    (i)
                    State the simplifying condition that is normally assumed.
                    [1]
                    (ii)
                    Identify the force that is ignored under this simplifying condition.
                    [1]

                      

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                      Question 3c

                      Marks: 2

                      Terminal velocity is only attained if both forces act on the object. 

                      (c)
                      State and explain the magnitude of the resultant force on the object if it moves at its terminal velocity. 
                      [2]
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                        Question 3d

                        Marks: 3
                        (d)
                        Sketch a graph on the axes provided to show an object that is released from rest at t = 0 s and falls vertically through the atmosphere, attaining terminal velocity, vterminal after t = 4 s.
                        2-1-3d-sl-sq-easy-phy
                        The line corresponding to vterminal is included as guidance. 
                        [3]
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                          Question 4a

                          Marks: 2

                          An experiment designed to measure the acceleration due to gravity is set up as shown. 

                          2-1-4a-sl-sq-easy-phy

                          The two-way switch is connected at A to an electromagnet and at B to a trap door, via an electric stop-clock. The stop-clock starts the instant the switch moves from A to B, and stops when the trap door is opened by a falling steel ball, which breaks the circuit. 

                          (a)
                          State the resolution of the electric stop-clock. 
                          [2]
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                            Question 4b

                            Marks: 2

                            The distance travelled s acts as the independent variable in this experiment. 

                            (b)

                            (i)
                            State what is meant by the independent variable. 
                            [1]
                            (ii)
                            Identify the dependent variable in this experiment.
                            [1]
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                              Question 4c

                              Marks: 2

                              Use the equation of motion for the steel ball, 

                              s equals u t plus 1 half a t squared

                              to help answer the following questions:

                              (c)

                              (i)
                              State the value of the initial velocity, u.
                              [1]
                              (ii)
                              Show that the equation of motion for the steel ball becomes:

                              s equals 1 half a t squared
                              [1]
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                                Question 4d

                                Marks: 3

                                The time taken t for the steel ball to descend different distances is measured. The graph shows the variation of the distance s with the square of time, t2

                                2-1-4c-sl-sq-easy-phy

                                (d)

                                (i)
                                Explain why the equation of motion can be written as: 

                                s equals 1 half g t squared
                                [1]
                                (ii)
                                By comparing the equation to the graph, state the value of the gradient. 
                                [2]
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                                  Question 5a

                                  Marks: 4

                                  Projectiles follow parabolic trajectories. One such trajectory is shown for a projectile fired from a bazooka. 

                                  2-1-5a-diagram-1-sl-sq-easy-phy

                                  The projectile lands on its target with a final velocity v that can be represented as shown. 

                                  2-1-5a-diagram-2-sl-sq-easy-phy

                                  (a)

                                  (i)
                                  Draw and label the direction of the horizontal and vertical components of the final velocity on the diagram.
                                  [2]
                                  (ii)
                                  Write the magnitude of each component in terms of the angle to the horizontal, θ
                                  [2]
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                                    Key Concepts
                                    Projectile Motion

                                    Question 5b

                                    Marks: 2

                                    The initial horizontal velocity given to the projectile is 3.5 m s–1. Air resistance can be ignored. 

                                    (b)

                                    (i)
                                    State the final horizontal velocity of the projectile.
                                     [1]
                                    (ii)
                                    Explain your answer to part (i). 
                                    [1]
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                                      Key Concepts
                                      Projectile Motion

                                      Question 5c

                                      Marks: 3

                                      The final vertical velocity of the projectile is 3.8 m s–1

                                      (c)
                                      Calculate the magnitude of the final velocity, v.
                                      [3]
                                       
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                                        Key Concepts
                                        Projectile Motion

                                        Question 5d

                                        Marks: 3

                                        The horizontal distance between the bazooka and the target is 27 m. 

                                        (d)
                                        Calculate the time taken for the projectile to reach the target. 
                                        [3]
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                                          Key Concepts
                                          Projectile Motion