Question 1a

Marks: 2

Cells used in circuits can be divided into two groups, primary cells and secondary cells.

(a)

Define a primary cell and state an example.

[2]

Key Concepts

Primary & Secondary Cells

Question 1b

Marks: 3

(b)

Define a secondary cell and state an example.

[3]

Key Concepts

Primary & Secondary Cells

Question 1c

Marks: 2

For the following descriptions of the functions of primary and secondary cells, choose the correct words from each pair in bold to complete the sentences.

(c)

During normal operation of a primary cell, the electrons flow from the negative/positive plate of the cell, around the circuit, to the negative/positive plate of the cell.

When recharging a secondary cell, the electrons are forced from the negative/positive plate to the negative/positive plate by an external current.

[2]

Key Concepts

Primary & Secondary Cells

Question 1d

Marks: 2

Lithium cells are widely used and have allowed for a revolution in the manufacture of portable electronics. However there are concerns with reliance on lithium as a material for making cells.

(d)

Outline two concerns with the use of lithium in cells.

[2]

Key Concepts

Investigating Electric Cells

Question 2a

Marks: 3

The electromotive force, ε is defined by the equation

$ε = I (R + r)$

(a)

Define the following variables and state an appropriate unit for each.

(i)

I

[1]

(ii)

R

[1]

(iii)

r

[1]

Key Concepts

Electromotive Force

Question 2b

Marks: 5

The circuit shown includes a cell with internal resistance and a load resistor.

easy-sq-5-4-q-2b-circuit-qun

(b)

Complete the labels on the components using each of the following variables once only.

ε

I

r

R

V

[5]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance

Question 2c

Marks: 3

A current of 0.6 mA flows through the circuit in part (a) and the resistor has a resistance of 2.5 kΩ.

5-3-q2c-circuit-qun-sl-sq-easy-phy

(c)

Calculate the terminal potential difference V_T of the circuit.

[3]

Key Concepts

Terminal Potential Difference

Question 2d

Marks: 3

The internal resistance of the cell is 1.3 kΩ.

(d)

Calculate the emf of the cell.

[3]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance
Electromotive Force

Question 3a

Marks: 4

(a)

Explain what is meant by the electromotive force of a cell and state the units.

[4]

Key Concepts

Electromotive Force

Question 3b

Marks: 1

(b)

Define the internal resistance of a cell.

[1]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance

Question 3c

Marks: 2

In the circuit shown a high resistance voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference across the terminals of a battery.

q2c-figure-1

(c)

The switch is closed.

(i)

State how the voltmeter reading changes.

[1]

(ii)

Explain what property of the battery causes this change.

[1]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance
Electromotive Force

Question 3d

Marks: 1

(d)

Explain why the voltmeter reading changes when the switch is closed.

[1]

Key Concepts

Electromotive Force
Internal Resistance

Question 4a

Marks: 3

To investigate the internal resistance and emf of a cell a student uses the circuit shown. The cell has emf ε and internal resistance r and is connected in series to a variable resistor with resistance R.

qu-4a-figure-1a

The student wishes to determine the relationship between the voltmeter and ammeter readings whilst decreasing R. Their results are given.

	Terminal potential difference / V	Current / A
	8.3	0.07
	6.8	0.17
	4.6	0.33
	2.9	0.44
	0.3	0.63

(a)

Plot a graph of the data using the graph layout given below.

[3]

Key Concepts

Investigating Electric Cells

Question 4b

Marks: 2

(b)

Using your graph from part (a) (or the model solution provided)

(i)

Determine the value of ε.

[1]

(ii)

Explain your method.

[1]

Key Concepts

Investigating Electric Cells

Question 4c

Marks: 4

(c)

Using your graph from part (a) (or the model solution provided) calculate the value of r. Show your method clearly.

[4]

Key Concepts

Investigating Electric Cells

Question 4d

Marks: 4

(d)

Using your graph from part (a) (or the model solution provided) sketch a line to show the results obtained from a cell with:

(i)

The same emf but larger internal resistance. Label this A.

[2]

(ii)

The same internal resistance but larger emf. Label this B.

[2]

Key Concepts

Investigating Electric Cells

Question 5a

Marks: 6

The circuit shown is used to test a battery of four identical cells each with emf ε = 0.70 V.

qu-5a-figure-1

A fixed resistor with R = 0.62 kΩ is connected in series with the cell. A current I = 4.50 mA travels through the circuit.

(a)

For this circuit

(i)

Calculate the emf of the battery.

[2]

(ii)

Calculate the internal resistance of the battery.

[3]

(iii)

State an appropriate unit for your answer.

[1]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance
Electromotive Force

Question 5b

Marks: 2

(b)

For the circuit in part (a), calculate the internal resistance of one cell.

[2]

Key Concepts

Internal Resistance

Question 5c

Marks: 4

As cells are used they discharge their voltage, according to a curve as shown.

5-3-q5c-discharge-curve-qun-sl-sq-easy-phy

(c)

To describe the graph, choose the correct word from each pair.

When a cell is discharging, it will/will not discharge a constant amount of voltage.
When the cell is new the initial high voltage will begin to discharge slowly/fairly quickly.
For most of the life of the cell it discharges slowly/fairly quickly.
Finally, as the cell reaches the end of its life the voltage is discharged slowly/fairly quickly.

[4]

Key Concepts

Terminal Potential Difference

Question 5d

Marks: 6

The graph in part (c) represents a 1.5 V AA battery discharging over time. The battery is connected so that the circuit draws a current of 2.0 A.

(d)

Using the graph from part (c), add discharge curves for two identical cells which are drawing different currents. Label your lines (i) and (ii).

(i)

Current, I = 1.0 A

[3]

(ii)

Current, I = 4.0 A

[3]

Key Concepts

Terminal Potential Difference

DP IB Physics: HL

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