DP Chemistry Questionbank

• Syllabus

Topic 10: Organic chemistry

Sub sections and their related questions

10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry

• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10a.ii: Apply IUPAC rules to name compound A.
• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10e: Compound C, \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{OH}}\), can be oxidized by...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ1.27: Applying IUPAC rules, what is the name of the compound? A.   ...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ2.26: Applying IUPAC rules, what is the name of...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.5c: Identify the homologous series to which ethanol belongs and state two features of a homologous...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.7b: \({{\text{C}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{12}}}}\) exists as three isomers. Identify the...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.4a: State two features of a homologous series.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.ii: Apply IUPAC rules to name compound A.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7e: Compound C can be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to form compound F. (i)    ...
• 14M.1.hl.TZ1.34: What is the IUPAC name for...
• 14M.1.hl.TZ2.39: What is the structural formula of the ester formed by reacting propanoic acid with...
• 14M.3.hl.TZ2.3e: Y is an isomer of X, which contains the same functional groups. Deduce the structural formula of Y.
• 14M.1.sl.TZ1.26: Which statement is correct for members of the same homologous series? A.     They have the same...
• 14M.1.sl.TZ2.27: Which properties are features of a homologous series? I.     Same general formula II.   ...
• 14M.1.sl.TZ2.28: Which compound is an isomer of octane, \({{\text{C}}_{\text{8}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{18}}}}\)? A....
• 14M.1.sl.TZ2.29: In which pair are both compounds secondary?
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.3a: State a balanced equation for the complete combustion of nonane.
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6a: Applying IUPAC rules, state the name of A.
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6g.ii: State the homologous series to which D belongs.
• 14M.3.sl.TZ2.3e: (i)     Deduce the structural formula of Y.   (ii)     Predict one difference between the...
• 14M.3.sl.TZ2.20a: Describe the structure of benzene.
• 14M.3.sl.TZ2.20b: State one piece of chemical evidence proving benzene does not contain alternate single and double...
• 14N.2.hl.TZ0.9a: Apply IUPAC rules to state the names of the four compounds.
• 14N.2.hl.TZ0.9b: (i)     Define the term structural isomers.     (ii)     Identify the two compounds in the...
• 14N.1.sl.TZ0.26: What is the name of the alkane shown in the diagram below, applying IUPAC rules? A.    ...
• 14N.1.sl.TZ0.27: Which structural formula represents a secondary halogenoalkane? A.    ...
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.4a: State the names of two functional groups in D-fructose.
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Deduce the empirical formula of D-fructose.
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.7a: Apply IUPAC rules to state the name of compound 1.
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.7b: (i)     Define the term structural isomers.     (ii)     Identify the two compounds in the...
• 13N.1.hl.TZ0.35: What is the name of...
• 13N.1.hl.TZ0.36: Which functional groups are present in...
• 13N.1.sl.TZ0.26: What is the name of...
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.6a: Draw the structure of 2-methylbut-2-ene.
• 13M.2.hl.TZ1.9a.i: Outline three features of a homologous series.
• 13M.1.sl.TZ1.25: What is the name of the following molecule applying IUPAC rules? A.   ...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ1.26: How many non-cyclic structural isomers exist with the molecular formula...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.5a: Apply IUPAC rules to state the name of this molecule.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.5b: Deduce the structural formula of two isomers of the molecule above with the same functional group.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8a.i: Outline three features of a homologous series.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8c.iii: Deduce whether C4H9Br is a primary or tertiary halogenoalkane.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8c.iv: Determine the structural formula of C4H9Br.
• 13M.3.sl.TZ1.A1a: Draw the two possible structures of compound P.
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.3a: Identify the name of the functional group circled in the structure of carboplatin.
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8c: Clomifene, a fertility drug, whose three-dimensional structure is represented below, also has...
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8d.i: Draw any two other isomers of P.
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8d.ii: Apply IUPAC rules to state the names of all the straight-chain isomers of compounds of molecular...
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8d.vi: Apply IUPAC rules to state the name of this product, U.
• 13M.3.hl.TZ2.D3b.i: Because it contains several –OH groups and an amine group, doxycycline is slightly polar....
• 13M.1.sl.TZ2.26: Which three compounds can be considered to be a homologous series? A.    ...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ2.27: What is the name of the following compound applying IUPAC rules? A.   ...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii: State the name of the compound formed that is responsible for this decreased pH value.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.4b.i: Deduce the full structural formula for both compounds, showing all the bonds...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.i: Identify the names of two functional groups present in cortisone.   1.   2.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.ii: Draw a circle around each of these two functional groups in the structure above and label them 1...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7b: Describe what is meant by the term structural isomers.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.i: Apply IUPAC rules to state the name of P.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.ii: X is a straight-chain structural isomer of P. Draw the structure of X.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.vii: Apply IUPAC rules to state the name of this product, S.
• 12N.2.hl.TZ0.6e.i: Apply IUPAC rules to name the ester, CH3COOCH2CH3(aq).
• 12N.1.sl.TZ0.26: Which statement about a homologous series is correct? A.     Members of the series differ by...
• 12N.1.sl.TZ0.27: Which compound is not an isomer of hexane? A.    ...
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.ii: State the meaning of the term structural isomers.
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.iii: X is an isomer of C4H8 and has the structural formula shown below. Apply IUPAC rules to name...
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6b.i: Draw the ester functional group.
• 10N.1.hl.TZ0.37: Which compound is an amide? A.     CH3COOCH3 B.     CH3CONH2 C.     CH3NH2 D.     CH2(NH2)COOH
• 10N.2.hl.TZ0.2c: Identify the structural formula of an isomer of but-2-ene which does not decolourize bromine...
• 10N.1.sl.TZ0.26: Which of the following substances are structural isomers of each other? I.    ...
• 10N.1.sl.TZ0.27: Which order is correct when the following substances are arranged in order of increasing boiling...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.2a: State the name of the alkene shown.
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.5f: (i)     Deduce the structural formula of each isomer. (ii)     Identify the isomer from part (f)...
• 10N.3.sl.TZ0.G1: (a)     Describe the structure of benzene, C6H6. (b)     State two pieces of evidence that...
• 09N.2.hl.TZ0.9a.i: Draw the structural formulas of the two geometrical isomers of 1-chloro-but-2-ene.
• 09N.2.hl.TZ0.9a.ii: Explain why 1-chloro-but-2-ene shows geometrical isomerism.
• 09N.2.hl.TZ0.9a.iii: Draw the structural formula of one isomer of...
• 09N.2.hl.TZ0.9c.i: State whether this reaction is SN1 or SN2.
• 09N.1.sl.TZ0.26: How many structural isomers exist with the formula...
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.4a.i: Identify the boiling points for each of the isomers A, B and C and state a reason for your answer.
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.i: Draw four structural isomers of molecular formula...
• 10M.2.hl.TZ1.7a: Below are four structural isomers with molecular formula...
• 10M.2.sl.TZ1.6b: Ethanol is part of the homologous series of alcohols. Describe two features of a homologous series.
• 10M.2.sl.TZ1.6c: (i)     Below are four structural isomers of alcohols with molecular formula...
• 10M.3.sl.TZ1.G3a: Describe two different types of physical evidence which show that benzene does not contain three...
• 10M.3.sl.TZ1.G3b: Explain how the reaction of benzene with bromine provides chemical evidence that benzene does not...
• 10M.1.sl.TZ2.27: What is the structural formula of 2,3-dibromo-3-methylhexane? A.    ...
• 09M.1.hl.TZ1.34: Identify the functional group present in...
• 09M.1.hl.TZ1.35: What is the IUPAC name for...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ1.2a.i: State the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with water.
• 09M.2.hl.TZ1.3b: Determine the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene using the values for the...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ1.26: Which three compounds can be considered to be a homologous series? A.    ...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ1.27: What is the IUPAC name for...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ1.1a: Identify the organic functional group present in both vegetable oil and biodiesel.
• 09M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: Calculate the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene obtained using the average bond...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ1.7a.iv: Propan-2-ol is an isomer of propan-1-ol. Draw the structure of propan-2-ol.
• 09M.2.sl.TZ1.7a.v: Identify the class of alcohols that propan-2-ol belongs to and state the name of the organic...
• 09M.3.sl.TZ1.D1c.i: Identify the amine functional group in the morphine molecule below by drawing a ring around it.
• 09M.1.hl.TZ2.38: What is the IUPAC name of the compound...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ2.2a.i: Calculate the \({K_{\text{a}}}\) value of benzoic acid,...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ2.2a.ii: Based on its \({K_{\text{a}}}\) value, state and explain whether benzoic acid is a strong or weak...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ2.2a.iii: Determine the hydrogen ion concentration and the pH of a...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ2.5f.iv: State the type of hybridization of the carbon and nitrogen atoms in...
• 09M.2.hl.TZ2.8b.i: Ethanol to ethyl ethanoate.
• 09M.1.sl.TZ2.27: Which is a tertiary halogenoalkane? A.    ...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ2.28: What is the IUPAC name of the following compound? A.     2-methylbutane B.   ...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ2.1a: State the names of the three organic functional groups in aspirin.
• 09M.2.sl.TZ2.6b.i: State the name of one structural isomer of pentane.
• 11M.1.sl.TZ1.28: Which of the following are isomers of pentane? I.     2-methylpentane II.   ...
• 11M.1.sl.TZ1.29: Which of the following pairs are members of the same homologous series? A.    ...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6a: State and explain the trend of the boiling points of the first five members of the alkene...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6b: Describe two features of a homologous series.
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6c: Below is a schematic diagram representing some reactions of ethene. The letters A–D represent the...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6d: Describe a chemical test that could be used to distinguish between pent-1-ene and pentane.
• 11M.1.sl.TZ2.26: Which organic molecule is not a structural isomer of pentan-1-ol? A.     pentan-2-ol B.   ...
• 11M.1.sl.TZ2.27: Which of the structures below is an aldehyde? A.    ...
• 11M.3.sl.TZ2.D2b.i: State the name of the functional group circled on the structure of caffeine.
• 12M.3.sl.TZ1.G1: The structure of benzene originally described by August Kekulé is shown below. Explain, giving...
• 12M.1.hl.TZ2.32: What is the name of...
• 12M.3.hl.TZ2.D3d: (i)     Identify the \(\beta \)-lactam ring by drawing a circle around it. (ii)     Explain why...
• 12M.1.sl.TZ2.26: Consider the compound...
• 12M.2.sl.TZ2.5a: (i)     Distinguish between the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. Empirical...
• 12M.2.sl.TZ2.7a: (i)     State the meaning of the term isomers. (ii)     Deduce the structural formulas of...
• 11N.2.hl.TZ0.6d.i: Compare the formation of sigma (\(\sigma \)) and pi (\(\pi \)) bonds between the carbon atoms in...
• 11N.2.hl.TZ0.9b.i: State the IUPAC names of each of the compounds, D, E, F and G. D: E: F: G:
• 11N.2.hl.TZ0.9b.iv: Discuss the volatility of E compared to F.
• 11N.1.sl.TZ0.26: Which molecule contains an ester group? A.    ...
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Deduce the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of butan-1-ol.
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.4c: Determine the standard enthalpy change, in \({\text{kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\), for...
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.4d: Based on the types of intermolecular force present, explain why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling...
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.7a: One example of a homologous series is the alcohols. Describe two features of a homologous series.
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.i: The IUPAC name of X is 4-methylpentan-1-ol. State the IUPAC names of Y and Z. Y: Z:
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.ii: State the reagents and reaction conditions used to convert X to Y and X to Z. X to Y: X to Z:
• 16M.3.sl.TZ0.8b: (i) State the name of the functional group circled in the DHEA molecule shown below. (ii)...
• 16M.1.sl.TZ0.23: ...
• 16M.1.sl.TZ0.24: ...
• 16M.3.hl.TZ0.26a: Identify the functional group circled in the structure of oseltamivir.
• 16M.2.sl.TZ0.4a: (i) State the name, applying IUPAC rules, of compound A. (ii) Draw a section, showing three...
• 16M.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Compound B is related to compound A. (i) State the term that is used to describe molecules...
• 16M.2.hl.TZ0.2b: One important industrial use of phosgene is the production of polyurethanes. Phosgene is reacted...
• 16M.2.hl.TZ0.2c: The other monomer used in the production of polyurethane is compound Z shown below. (i) State...
• 16M.2.hl.TZ0.5a: (i) State the term that is used to describe molecules that are related to each other in the same...
• 16N.1.sl.TZ0.23: The structure of a drug used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease is shown below. Which...
• 16N.1.sl.TZ0.24: Which alcohols are oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution when heated? A. I...
• 16N.2.sl.TZ0.1b: Determine the average oxidation state of carbon in ethene and in...
• 16N.2.sl.TZ0.5a: Draw the full structural formulas of propane and propene.
• 16N.3.sl.TZ0.9b: The structures of two molecules, X and Y, are shown below. (i) Justify why both these...
• 16N.3.sl.TZ0.10a: State the IUPAC name for leucine.
• 16N.3.sl.TZ0.20a: Compare and contrast the functional groups present in methadone and diamorphine (heroin), giving...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ1.24: What is the order of increasing boiling point? A.     C4H10 < CH3COOH < CH3CH2CHO <...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ1.25: What are the functional groups in the aspirin...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ1.26: What is the name of the compound with this molecular structure applying IUPAC rules? A.    ...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ1.27: Which molecule has a tertiary nitrogen? A.     (CH3)2NH B.     (C2H5)4N+I− C.    ...
• 17M.1.hl.TZ1.35: What is the major product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and hydrogen bromide? A.    ...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5a: Ethane, C2H6, reacts with chlorine in sunlight. State the type of this reaction and the name of...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5c.i: One possible product, X, of the reaction of ethane with chlorine has the following composition by...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5c.ii: The mass and 1H\(\,\)NMR spectra of product X are shown below. Deduce, giving your reasons, its...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5d: Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, can undergo polymerization. Draw a section of the polymer with three...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.6a: Discuss the physical evidence for the structure of benzene.
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.6b: State the typical reactions that benzene and cyclohexene undergo with bromine.
• 17M.2.hl.TZ1.6c.i: One possible product, X, of the reaction of ethane with chlorine has the following composition by...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ1.6c.ii: The mass and 1H NMR spectra of product X are shown below. Deduce, giving your reasons, its...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ1.7c: State the reagents used to convert benzene to nitrobenzene and the formula of the electrophile...
• 17M.3.sl.TZ1.10b.i: Describe the difference in their structures.
• 17M.3.sl.TZ1.10b.ii: Explain why the difference in their structures affects their melting points.
• 17M.3.sl.TZ1.15b: Deduce the formula of the biodiesel formed when the vegetable oil shown is reacted with the...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ2.24: Which functional group is present in paracetamol? A.     Carboxyl B.     Amino C.    ...
• 17M.1.sl.TZ2.27: Which compound contains a secondary carbon atom? A.     CH3CH(Cl)CH(CH3)2 B.    ...
• 17M.1.hl.TZ2.36: Which compounds can be reduced? I.     C2H4II.     CH3COOHIII.     CH3CHO A.     I and II...
• 17M.1.hl.TZ2.37: In which order should the reagents be used to convert benzene into phenylamine (aniline)?
• 17M.2.sl.TZ2.6a: Using relevant equations, show the initiation and the propagation steps for this reaction.
• 17M.2.sl.TZ2.6b: Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.2a.v: Identify one organic functional group that can react with acidified K2Cr2O7(aq).
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.6b: The overall equation for monochlorination of methane is: CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CH3Cl(g) +...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7a.ii: Identify the functional group that shows stretching at 1710 cm–1 in the infrared spectrum of this...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7a.iii: Suggest the structural formula of this compound.
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7b.i: Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7c.i: State the reagents and the name of the mechanism for the nitration of benzene.
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.9b.i: Hydrogenation of propene produces propane. Calculate the standard entropy change, ΔS θ, for the...
• 17M.3.sl.TZ2.10a: Identify the functional groups which are present in only one structure of glucose.
• 17M.3.hl.TZ2.3c.iii: Subsequent steps proceed under differing conditions, forming the dendrimer polymer with the...
• 17M.3.hl.TZ2.20a.iii: Suggest two absorbances, other than the absorbances due to the ring structure and C–H bonds, that...
• 17N.1.sl.TZ0.26: What is the name of this compound, using IUPAC rules? A. 3-methylbutan-3-ol B....
• 17N.1.sl.TZ0.28: How many structural isomers of C6H14 exist? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
• 17N.1.hl.TZ0.38: Which functional group is responsible for the pKb of 4.1 in this compound? A. Amido B....
• 259336: This is an example question for the example test. You can delete this question.
• 18M.1.hl.TZ1.34: Which is a secondary alcohol?
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.3d: One possible Lewis structure for benzene is shown. State one piece of physical evidence that...
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.7c.iii: Deduce the name of the class of compound formed when the product of (c)(i) reacts with butanoic...
• 18M.2.hl.TZ2.9a.i: Deduce the structural formulas of the two possible isomers.
• 18M.1.sl.TZ1.24: What are possible names of a molecule with molecular formula C4H10O?         I.   ...
• 18M.2.sl.TZ1.3c: One possible Lewis structure for benzene is shown.                                              ...
• 18M.1.sl.TZ2.24: Which compounds belong to the same homologous series? A.     CHCCH2CH3, CHCCH2CH2CH3 B.   ...
• 18M.1.sl.TZ2.25: What is the name of this compound, using IUPAC rules? A.     1,1-dimethylpropanoic acid B.   ...
• 18M.1.sl.TZ2.27: Which are structural isomers?        I.     CH3CH2OH and CH3OCH3        II.     HOCH2CH3 and...
• 18M.2.sl.TZ2.7a: The Kekulé structure of benzene suggests it should readily undergo addition reactions.          ...
• 18M.3.sl.TZ2.2a: Describe two differences, other than the number of atoms, between the models of ethane and ethene...
• 18M.3.sl.TZ2.2b.i: The above ball and stick model is a substituted pyridine molecule (made of carbon, hydrogen,...
• 18M.3.sl.TZ2.2b.iii: Pyridine, like benzene, is an aromatic compound. Outline what is meant by an aromatic compound.

10.2 Functional group chemistry

• 15M.1.hl.TZ1.35: What is the product of the addition of chlorine, \({\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\), to...
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.5a: State an equation for the formation of ethanol from ethene and the necessary reaction...
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.5d: State the equation for the acid-catalysed reaction of ethanol with propanoic acid and state the...
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.6a: State the equation for the reaction between methane and bromine to form bromomethane.
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.6b.i: Explain, using equations, the complete free-radical mechanism for the reaction of methane with...
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.6b.ii: Bromomethane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide. State the organic product of this reaction.
• 15M.2.hl.TZ1.7a.i: Ethanol is a primary alcohol that can be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)....
• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10a.i: Deduce the full structural formula of compound A.
• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10a.iii: Describe the colour change observed when excess but-2-ene reacts with bromine to form compound A.
• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10b: (i)     Outline two reasons why the polymerization of alkenes is of economic...
• 15M.2.hl.TZ2.10g: Deduce the equation for the complete combustion of compound C.
• 15M.1.sl.TZ1.24: Which species can oxidize ethanol to ethanoic acid? A.     \({{\text{I}}^ - }\) B.     Fe C.  ...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ1.26: Which compound could be X in the two-stage reaction...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ1.28: Which statements about the chlorine free radical are correct? I.     It has 18 electrons. II. ...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ1.29: Which statement is correct about the polymerization of ethene to poly(ethene)? A.     The...
• 15M.1.sl.TZ2.28: Which statements are correct for the reaction of ethene with bromine in the absence of...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.2a: State the equation for the reaction between methane and bromine to form bromomethane.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.2b: Explain, using equations, the complete free-radical mechanism for the reaction of methane with...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.5a: (i)     State an equation for the formation of ethanol from ethene and the necessary reaction...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ1.7c.i: Ethanol is a primary alcohol that can be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)....
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.4b: Ethane, a member of the homologous series of alkanes, can react with bromine. Explain the...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.i: Deduce the full structural formula of compound A.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.iii: Describe the colour change observed when excess but-2-ene reacts with bromine to form compound A.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7b: State the names of the reagents D and E.
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7c: (i)     Outline two reasons why the polymerization of alkenes is of economic...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7d: Compound C, \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{OH}}\), can also be formed...
• 15M.2.sl.TZ2.7g.ii: Deduce the equation for the complete combustion of compound C.
• 14M.1.hl.TZ2.39: What is the structural formula of the ester formed by reacting propanoic acid with...
• 14M.2.hl.TZ1.4a: State the conditions necessary for this reaction.
• 14M.2.hl.TZ1.6a: Alcohols with the molecular formula \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{OH}}\)...
• 14M.2.hl.TZ1.8d.i: Deduce the mechanism for the reaction using equations and curly arrows to represent the movement...
• 14M.1.sl.TZ1.29: For the reaction pathway below, what are the names for the first and second...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ1.6b: (i)     Deduce the oxidation number of chromium in...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ1.7d: (i)     Identify the reagent necessary for this reaction to occur.   (ii)     Deduce the...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ1.7f: Bromoethene, \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{CHBr}}\), can undergo polymerization. Draw...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.3b: Combustion also often forms carbon and carbon monoxide. Outline what reaction conditions result...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.3c: (i)     State the type of polymerization that occurs.   (ii)     Draw the structure of a...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6b: State the reagent required to convert A into B.
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6c: (i)     State the conditions required for this reaction to occur.   (ii)     Outline why it...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6e: A can also be converted into C without going via B. State the reagent and conditions required.
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6f: (i)     State why C is not readily oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).     (ii)   ...
• 14M.2.sl.TZ2.6g.i: State the conditions required for this reaction to occur.
• 14N.1.hl.TZ0.34: Which product is formed when bromine water is added to propene,...
• 14N.1.hl.TZ0.36: Which of these repeating units is present in the polymer poly(propene)?
• 14N.2.hl.TZ0.9c: (i)     Determine the organic product formed when each of the compounds is heated under reflux...
• 14N.2.hl.TZ0.9f: (i)     Pentanoic acid reacts with ethanol. State the structural formula of the organic product...
• 14N.1.sl.TZ0.28: Which equation represents a propagation step in the reaction of methane with bromine? A.    ...
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.4d: State a balanced equation for the complete combustion of D-fructose.
• 14N.2.sl.TZ0.7c: Determine the organic product formed when each of the compounds is heated under reflux with...
• 14N.3.sl.TZ0.26d: Propanone could also be formed from propene by reaction with steam over an acidic catalyst,...
• 13N.1.hl.TZ0.39: What is the organic product of the reaction between butan-1-ol and ethanoic acid on heating using...
• 13N.2.hl.TZ0.8a: State the other substances required to convert 2-methylbut-2-ene to 2-methylbutan-2-ol.
• 13N.2.hl.TZ0.8b: Explain whether you would expect 2-methylbutan-2-ol to react with acidified potassium...
• 13N.1.sl.TZ0.27: What is the function of the ultraviolet light used in the reaction between ethane and...
• 13N.1.sl.TZ0.29: Which organic product forms in the following...
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.2a: Complete the overall equation for this reaction by stating the...
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.2b: State the type of mechanism by which this reaction occurs.
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.2c: Traces of butane, \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}}\), are also found amongst...
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.6b: State the other substances required to convert 2-methylbut-2-ene to 2-methylbutan-2-ol.
• 13N.2.sl.TZ0.6c: Explain whether you would expect 2-methylbutan-2-ol to react with acidified potassium...
• 13M.2.hl.TZ1.9a.ii: Describe a test to distinguish but-2-ene from butane, including what is observed in each case.
• 13M.2.hl.TZ1.9a.iii: 2-bromobutane can be produced from but-2-ene. State the equation of this reaction using...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ1.27: Which steps are involved in the free-radical mechanism of the bromination of ethane in the...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ1.28: Which substance can be polymerized to produce the polymer below? A.     But-1-ene B.   ...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.5c: Describe, using an equation, the oxidation by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) of the substance...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8a.ii: Describe a test to distinguish ethene from ethane, including what is observed in each case.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8a.iii: Bromoethane can be produced either from ethene or from ethane. State an equation for each reaction.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8b.i: State the equation for the reaction of...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ1.8c.v: Describe, using an equation, how \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\)...
• 13M.1.hl.TZ2.33: What are possible products of the incomplete combustion of propan-2-ol? A.     carbon monoxide,...
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8d.iii: State the structural formula of the organic products, Q, R, S and T, formed in the following...
• 13M.2.hl.TZ2.8d.v: State the structural formula of the organic product formed, U, when R is heated under reflux with...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ2.28: What are possible products of the incomplete combustion of propane? A.     carbon monoxide,...
• 13M.1.sl.TZ2.29: Which equation represents a propagation step in the mechanism for the reaction between ethane,...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.3a.ii: State the name of the compound formed that is responsible for this decreased pH value.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.6c.iv: Draw the structure of poly(chloroethene) showing two repeating units.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.iii:
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.iv: Identify a suitable catalyst used in the reaction to form R.
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.v: P, CH3CH=CHCH3, reacts with HBr to form CH3CHBrCH2CH3. Suggest one suitable mechanism for the...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.vi: State the structural formula of the organic product formed, S, when Q is heated under reflux with...
• 13M.2.sl.TZ2.7c.viii: P can undergo a polymerization reaction. Draw two repeating units of the resulting polymer.
• 12N.2.hl.TZ0.1f.iii: One important use of chlorine is in the synthesis of poly(chloroethene), PVC. Identify the...
• 12N.1.sl.TZ0.28: Which compound would decolourize bromine water in the dark? A.    ...
• 12N.1.sl.TZ0.29: Some methane gas is burned in a limited supply of oxygen. Which products could form? I.   ...
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.iv: State the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of X with HBr to form Y.
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.v: Y reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), to form an alcohol, Z. Identify whether Z is a...
• 12N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.vii: Deduce the structural formula of the organic product formed when Z is oxidized by heating under...
• 10N.2.hl.TZ0.2c: Identify the structural formula of an isomer of but-2-ene which does not decolourize bromine...
• 10N.2.hl.TZ0.2d: (i)     Outline two reasons why the polymers of the alkenes are of economic importance. (ii)    ...
• 10N.2.hl.TZ0.5c: State the reagent and conditions needed for reaction 1.
• 10N.2.hl.TZ0.5d: Reaction 1 involves a free-radical mechanism. Describe the stepwise mechanism, by giving...
• 10N.1.sl.TZ0.28: Which monomer could be used to form a polymer with the following repeating unit? A.    ...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.2b: Bromine water, Br2(aq), can be used to distinguish between the alkanes and the alkenes. (i)    ...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.2c: (i)     Outline two reasons why the polymers of the alkenes are of economic importance. (ii)    ...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.4e: State the name of the product and identify the type of reaction which occurs between ethene and...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.5c: (i)     State the reagent and conditions needed for reaction 1. (ii)     State the reagent(s)...
• 10N.2.sl.TZ0.5d: Reaction 1 involves a free-radical mechanism. Describe the stepwise mechanism, by giving...
• 09N.1.hl.TZ0.34: Which reaction occurs via a free-radical mechanism? A.    ...
• 09N.1.hl.TZ0.38: What is the name of the ester formed when...
• 09N.1.sl.TZ0.28: Which substance is not produced during the combustion of alkanes? A.    ...
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Both \({{\text{C}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{12}}}}\) and...
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7a.i: State an equation for the reaction of...
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.ii: On reaction with acidified potassium dichromate(VII), two of the isomers are oxidised in two...
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.iii: A third isomer is oxidized in one step. Draw the structural formula of the organic product formed.
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.iv: State the colour change that takes place in these oxidation reactions.
• 09N.2.sl.TZ0.7b.v: Identify the isomer which resists oxidation by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
• 10M.2.sl.TZ1.3a.ii: Draw a section of poly(chloroethene) containing six carbon atoms.
• 10M.2.sl.TZ1.3b.ii: State the reagents and conditions necessary to prepare ethanoic acid from ethanol in the laboratory.
• 10M.2.sl.TZ1.6c: (i)     Below are four structural isomers of alcohols with molecular formula...
• 10M.3.sl.TZ1.G2a: Explain how a bromine molecule is able to act as an electrophile.
• 10M.3.sl.TZ1.G2b: (i)     bromine. (ii)     hydrogen bromide.
• 10M.1.sl.TZ2.28: What happens when a few drops of bromine water are added to excess hex-1-ene and the mixture is...
• 10M.1.sl.TZ2.29: What is the product of the following...
• 10M.2.sl.TZ2.7a.i: The reaction of alkenes with bromine water provides a test for unsaturation in the laboratory....
• 10M.2.sl.TZ2.7c: (i)     Deduce the structural formulas of the two alcohol isomers of molecular formula...
• 10M.3.sl.TZ2.G2: Hydrolysis of aliphatic and aromatic halides occurs under different conditions. State an...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ1.28: When bromine water is shaken with a liquid organic compound, it is rapidly decolourized. What can...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ1.29: Which conditions are required to obtain a good yield of a carboxylic acid when ethanol is...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ1.7a.iii: When propan-1-ol is oxidized using a warm acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI) two...
• 09M.3.sl.TZ1.D3b.i: Describe the colour change of potassium dichromate(VI) when it reacts with ethanol.
• 09M.1.hl.TZ2.33: What structural feature must a molecule have in order to undergo addition polymerization? A.   ...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ2.26: What is the product of the oxidation of butan-2-ol? A.     But-2-ene B.     Butanoic acid C. ...
• 09M.1.sl.TZ2.29: Which equations represent the incomplete combustion of methane? I.    ...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ2.6a.iv: Ethanol can be oxidized using acidified potassium dichromate,...
• 09M.2.sl.TZ2.6a.vi: Ethene can be converted into ethanol by direct hydration in the presence of a catalyst according...
• 11M.1.hl.TZ1.36: What is the correct order of reaction types in the following sequence?
• 11M.2.hl.TZ1.7b: Deduce an equation for the reaction between propanoic acid and methanol. Identify the catalyst...
• 11M.1.sl.TZ1.26: Which of the following statements about alkenes is not correct? A.     They have reactive double...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6c: Below is a schematic diagram representing some reactions of ethene. The letters A–D represent the...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6d: Describe a chemical test that could be used to distinguish between pent-1-ene and pentane.
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6e: State and explain whether the following molecules are primary, secondary or tertiary...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ1.6f: Explain, using equations, the following steps in the free-radical mechanism of the reaction of...
• 11M.1.hl.TZ2.38: Which reactants could be used to form the compound below? A.     Butanoic acid and...
• 11M.2.hl.TZ2.7d.i: Describe the colour change that will be observed in the reaction.
• 11M.2.hl.TZ2.7d.iv: Deduce the half-equation for the oxidation of ethanol to ethanal and hence the overall redox...
• 11M.2.hl.TZ2.7d.v: Explain why it is necessary to carry out the reaction under acidic conditions.
• 11M.2.hl.TZ2.7d.vi: Identify the organic product formed if excess potassium dichromate is used and the reaction is...
• 11M.2.hl.TZ2.8b.v: The product \({{\text{C}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{11}}}}{\text{OH}}\) formed from the...
• 11M.1.sl.TZ2.28: What product is formed when...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.6b.i: State the conditions necessary for the hydrogenation reaction to occur.
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.6c.i: Describe a chemical test that could be used to distinguish between propane and propene. In each...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.6c.ii: Under certain conditions propene can polymerize to form poly(propene). State the type of...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.6c.iii: Other than polymerization, state one reaction of alkenes which is of economic importance.
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.7b.i: State the equation for the complete combustion of...
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.7b.ii: Both propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol can be oxidized in aqueous solution by potassium dichromate(VI)....
• 11M.2.sl.TZ2.7b.iii: State the name(s) and structure(s) of the organic product(s) that can be formed when each of the...
• 12M.2.hl.TZ2.10a.i: State the names of two organic compounds required to produce ethyl methanoate and state suitable...
• 12M.2.hl.TZ2.10b.iii: State and explain how the rate of step II would differ if 2-chlorobutane was used instead of...
• 12M.2.sl.TZ2.5a: (i)     Distinguish between the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. Empirical...
• 12M.2.sl.TZ2.7b: (i)     Explain why alkanes have low reactivity. (ii)     Outline the meaning of the term...
• 12M.2.sl.TZ2.7c: (i)     Identify a suitable catalyst for this reaction. (ii)     But-2-ene can be converted to...
• 12M.3.sl.TZ2.F2b: Describe how an oil can be converted into a fat.
• 11N.1.hl.TZ0.34: Which compound is produced in the reaction between but-2-ene and steam? A.    ...
• 11N.1.hl.TZ0.36: Which compound is the major product of the reaction when 1-bromobutane is heated with...
• 11N.1.sl.TZ0.25: Which equation represents the initiation reaction when methane reacts with chlorine in the...
• 11N.1.sl.TZ0.28: From which monomer is this polymer made?
• 11N.1.sl.TZ0.29: What is the organic product of the reaction between 2-chlorobutane and sodium hydroxide...
• 11N.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Deduce the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of butan-1-ol.
• 16M.1.sl.TZ0.25: Which compound can both be esterified and turn acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution...
• 16M.1.sl.TZ0.26: What is the mechanism of the reaction between ethane and chlorine in sunlight? A....
• 16M.2.sl.TZ0.4a: (i) State the name, applying IUPAC rules, of compound A. (ii) Draw a section, showing three...
• 16M.2.sl.TZ0.4b: Compound B is related to compound A. (i) State the term that is used to describe molecules...
• 16M.2.hl.TZ0.5a: (i) State the term that is used to describe molecules that are related to each other in the same...
• 16N.1.sl.TZ0.25: Which monomer is used to form the polymer with the following repeating unit? A....
• 16N.1.sl.TZ0.26: Which type of reaction occurs when methanol and propanoic acid react together in the presence of...
• 16N.2.sl.TZ0.1d: Ethane-1,2-diol can be oxidized first to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2, and then to carbon dioxide...
• 16N.2.sl.TZ0.5b: Both propane and propene react with bromine. (i) State an equation and the condition required...
• 16N.3.sl.TZ0.2b: In trial 3, the students noticed that after heating, the crucible had turned black on the...
• 16N.3.sl.TZ0.17b: Oseltamivir does not possess the carboxyl group needed for activity until it is chemically...
• 17M.1.hl.TZ1.35: What is the major product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and hydrogen bromide? A.    ...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5a: Ethane, C2H6, reacts with chlorine in sunlight. State the type of this reaction and the name of...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5b: Formulate equations for the two propagation steps and one termination step in the formation of...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.5d: Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, can undergo polymerization. Draw a section of the polymer with three...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.6a: Discuss the physical evidence for the structure of benzene.
• 17M.2.sl.TZ1.6b: State the typical reactions that benzene and cyclohexene undergo with bromine.
• 17M.3.hl.TZ1.9a: Deduce the repeating unit of the polymer and the other product of the reaction.
• 17M.1.sl.TZ2.25: Which describes the reaction between a halogen and ethane?
• 17M.1.sl.TZ2.26: Which conditions are used to convert ethanol to ethanal? A.     Excess oxidizing agent and...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ2.6a: Using relevant equations, show the initiation and the propagation steps for this reaction.
• 17M.2.sl.TZ2.6b: Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react...
• 17M.2.sl.TZ2.6c: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer with the following structure. State the structural...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.2a.v: Identify one organic functional group that can react with acidified K2Cr2O7(aq).
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.6b: The overall equation for monochlorination of methane is: CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CH3Cl(g) +...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7b.i: Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react...
• 17M.2.hl.TZ2.7b.ii: Deduce the structural formula of the main organic product when hex-1-ene reacts with hydrogen...
• 17M.3.hl.TZ2.3c.ii: Suggest, giving one reason, whether this is an addition or condensation reaction.
• 17N.1.sl.TZ0.24: What is the major product of the reaction between HCl and but-2-ene? A. 1,2-dichlorobutane B....
• 17N.1.sl.TZ0.25: Which compound can be oxidized when heated with an acidified solution of...
• 17N.1.sl.TZ0.27: Which type of reaction occurs between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? A. Addition B....
• 17N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.i: Deduce the type of chemical reaction and the reagents used to distinguish between these compounds.
• 17N.2.sl.TZ0.6a.ii: State the observation expected for each reaction giving your reasons.
• 17N.2.sl.TZ0.6b: Explain, with the help of equations, the mechanism of the free-radical substitution reaction of...
• 17N.3.sl.TZ0.8b.i: State the type of reaction occurring during the titration.
• 18M.1.hl.TZ1.33: Which monomer could create this polymer? A.     But-2-ene B.     But-1-ene C.   ...
• 18M.1.hl.TZ1.40: Which would be the most effective method to distinguish between liquid propan-1-ol and...
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.3a.i: Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.3a.ii: Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.3b: Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following...
• 18M.2.hl.TZ1.7c.i: State the organic product of the reaction between 1-chlorobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl, and aqueous...
• 18M.1.hl.TZ2.35: Which is the correct combination of substitution reaction mechanisms?
• 18M.1.sl.TZ1.25: What is the product of the reaction between hex-3-ene and steam? A.     Hexan-1-ol B.   ...
• 18M.1.sl.TZ1.26: Which of these reactions proceeds by a free radical mechanism in the presence of UV light? A.   ...
• 18M.1.sl.TZ1.27: Which compound could be formed when CH3CH2CH2OH is heated with acidified potassium...
• 18M.2.sl.TZ1.3a.i: Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.
• 18M.2.sl.TZ1.3a.ii: Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.
• 18M.2.sl.TZ1.3d: State the characteristic reaction mechanism of benzene.
• 18M.1.sl.TZ2.26: What is the mechanism for the reaction of propene with iodine in the dark? A.     electrophilic...
• 18M.2.sl.TZ2.7b.i: Formulate the ionic equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde by...
• 18M.2.sl.TZ2.7b.ii: The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Outline how the experimental...