DP Physics Questionbank

• Syllabus

Additional higher level (AHL)

Sub sections and their related questions

Topic 9: Wave phenomena

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.14: A car horn emits sound of frequency ƒ. While the horn is sounding, the car moves in a straight...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.15: The graph below shows the variation of the intensity of light with angle for the diffraction...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.12: The bob of a pendulum has an initial displacement \(x\)0 to the right. The bob is released and...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.14: An object emitting a sound of frequency 100 Hz orbits in a horizontal circle at a rate of two...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.15: Green light is emitted by two point sources. The light passes through a narrow slit and is...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.5d: D has mass 6.5 \( \times \) 10−3 kg and vibrates with amplitude 0.85 mm. (i) Calculate the...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Show that \({\omega ^2} = \frac{k}{m}\).
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: One cycle of the variation of displacement with time is shown for two separate mass–spring...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: The graph shows the variation of the potential energy of A with displacement. On the...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: The apparatus is arranged to demonstrate diffraction effects. The microwaves emerge from the...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: On the diagram, sketch three successive wavefronts produced when S is moving to the left at a...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: A source of X-rays rotates on a turntable. Radiation of wavelength 7.5 nm is emitted by the...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.13a: Outline the process by which coloured fringes are formed.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.13b: The following data are available: Refractive index of oil = 1.4Refractive index of water =...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: Estimate the width of the slit.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: On the graph, sketch the variation of the relative intensity with θ when the wavelength of the...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.3c: State and explain, with reference to your sketch in (b), whether it is easier to resolve two...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.21a: Explain why an interference pattern is produced on the screen.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.21b: The two slits are separated by 2.2 mm and the distance from the slits to the screen is 1.8 m. The...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ1.19: A small point mass m is placed at the same distance from two identical fixed spherical masses far...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.19: Light of wavelength λ0 is emitted from a nearby galaxy. The light is received on Earth and the...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ2.13: A particle P executes simple harmonic motion (SHM) about its equilibrium position Y. The...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ2.14: A particle executes simple harmonic motion (SHM) with period T. Which sketch graph correctly...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.17: The diagram shows a train travelling in a straight line at constant speed v, as it approaches the...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.18: A parallel beam of coherent light of wavelength λ is incident on a rectangular slit of width d....
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: (i) Explain, using a diagram, why \(f'\) is greater than \(f\). (ii) The frequency \(f\) is 275...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.14: A source emits sound of wavelength \({\lambda _0}\) and wave speed \({v_0}\). A stationary...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.16: A radio telescope has a circular collecting dish of diameter 5.0 m. It is used to observe two...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.11a: Calculate the wavelength of the light within the soap solution.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.11b: Calculate the minimum thickness of the soap film that results in constructive interference for...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.11c: Without a calculation, explain why a soap film that is twice as thick as that calculated in (b)...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.12: The period of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) is \(T\). The ratio...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.13: A particle of mass \(m\) oscillates with simple harmonic motion (SHM) of angular frequency...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: X has a mass of 0.28 kg. Calculate the maximum force acting on X.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: Determine the maximum displacement of X. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.1a: S1 is turned on and S2 is turned off. (i) Show that the angle at which the first minimum of the...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: On leaving the station, the train blows its horn. Both the first harmonic and the next highest...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: (i) Describe what is meant by the Doppler effect. (ii) The train approaches a stationary...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.13a: Calculate the wavelength of the light.
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.13b: The upper glass plate is now replaced with a curved glass plate. The dotted line represents the...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.15: A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion (SHM) of maximum kinetic energy Emax and amplitude...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: The single narrow slit is replaced by a double narrow slit. Explain, with reference to your...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.3c: Two lamps emit light of wavelength 620 nm. The lights are observed through a circular aperture of...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.10: A body moves with simple harmonic motion (SHM) with period T and total energy ET. What is the...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.14: A source of sound moves away from an observer. The observed frequency of the sound differs from...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.16: Radiation is incident on a single rectangular slit. The diffracted beam that emerges from the...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.7e: A security camera on the ship captures an image of two green lamps on the shore. The lamps emit...
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Explain why the film of oil appears to show coloured fringes.
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: When white light is normally incident on the surface of the oil, the film appears green to an...
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.5a.i: Determine the acceleration of the mass at the moment of release.
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.5a.ii: Outline why the mass subsequently performs simple harmonic motion (SHM).
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.5a.iii: Calculate the period of oscillation of the mass.
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.5b.i: Estimate the maximum kinetic energy of the ion.
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: On the axes, draw a graph to show the variation with time of the kinetic energy of mass and the...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: The maximum frequency recorded is 751 Hz and the minimum frequency recorded is 749 Hz. Explain...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: Determine the speed of the mosquito.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.4b: A hollow pipe open at both ends is suspended just above the ground on a construction...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: The pipe is held stationary by the crane and an observer runs towards the pipe. Outline how the...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.7c.i: The mass of the stylus is \(5.5 \times {10^{ - 4}}{\text{ kg}}\). Determine the maximum kinetic...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.14a: Determine the minimum thickness of the oil layer that gives rise to the least amount of light...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.14b: Describe the change in the intensity of the reflected light as the thickness of the oil layer in...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Explain why the graph shows that the stylus undergoes simple harmonic motion.
• 14M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: (i)     Using the graph on page 14, show that the frequency of the note being played is about 200...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.2a: Describe what is meant by the Doppler effect.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.2b: (i)     Determine the minimum frequency of the sound heard by the observer. (ii)     Describe...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: State the Rayleigh criterion.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: (i)     Calculate the angular separation of the two towers when the images of the towers are just...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.19a: Outline what is meant by the term (i)     coherent. (ii)     monochromatic.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.19b: State the phase difference between the light waves from the two slits that meet at B.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.19c: (i)     Show that the laser produces light of wavelength equal to 720 nm. (ii)     State the...
• 11N.1.SL.TZO.13: The equation for the velocity of an object performing simple harmonic motion is...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.16: A fire engine with its siren sounding approaches and passes a stationary observer. The frequency...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.15: An object undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which graph shows the relationship between the...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.13: An object undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which graph shows the relationship between the...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.17: A siren on an ambulance emits sound of frequency f. The speed of sound in still air is v. What is...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.14: An ambulance emits a sound of frequency f as it travels along a straight road between stationary...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.15: The intensity distribution of monochromatic light passing through a narrow slit and then incident...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.14: A sample of hydrogen on Earth emits a spectral line that is measured by an Earth observer to...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.15: A parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength λ passes through a slit of width b and forms...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.16: Two coloured point sources are observed through an optical telescope. Which of the following...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: (i) Determine the maximum speed of the object. (ii) Determine the acceleration of the object at...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: The graph below shows how the displacement of the object varies with time. Sketch on the same...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.12: A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) oscillates with time period T and angular...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.13: A particle is undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) in a horizontal plane. The total...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.12: An object is undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM) about a fixed point P. The magnitude of its...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.13: An object undergoes simple harmonic motion (SHM). The total energy of the object is proportional...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.13: Which of the following would be diffracted the most when incident on a slit of width 1 cm? A....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.14: Two point sources of light have an angular separation of θ, as measured by a distant observer....
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.12: A particle oscillates with simple...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.15: Two waves meet at a point. The waves have a path difference of \(\frac{\lambda }{4}\). The phase...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.17: A point source of sound is moving to the right at constant speed. The source emits sound waves of...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.18: A coherent beam of light of wavelength λ is incident on a double slit. The width of the slits is...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.19: An object to be viewed by a microscope is irradiated with blue light. The reason for using blue...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: Determine the wavelength of the radio wave as measured by the observer on Earth.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: The radio signals from two stars on opposite sides of the galaxy are detected on Earth using a...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.21a: Laser light is monochromatic and coherent. Explain what is meant by (i) monochromatic. (ii)...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.21b: A beam of laser light is incident normally on a diffraction grating which has 600 lines per...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.12c: The number of lines per millimetre in the diffraction grating in (b) is reduced. Describe the...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.8b: The graph shows how the displacement x of the piston P in (a) from equilibrium varies with time...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.14: Two waves meet at a...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.16: A radar...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.18: The diagram below shows two identical...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.12: Which graph shows how velocity v varies with displacement x of a system moving with simple...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.13: An object undergoes simple harmonic motion with time period T and amplitude 0.5 m. At time t = 0...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: One end of a light spring is attached to a rigid horizontal support. An object W of mass 0.15...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.15: A stationary source of sound emits sound of frequency f. A moving observer measures the sound as...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.17: An optical instrument is used to observe an object illuminated with monochromatic light. Which of...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: A liquid is contained in a U-tube. The pressure on the...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ2.4c: A wave is travelling along a string. The string can be modelled as...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.13b: A liquid is contained in a U-tube. The...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.13a: State what phase change occurs on reflection at the air-coating boundary and at the coating-glass...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.13b: The thickness d of the coating layer is 110 nm. Determine the wavelength for which there is no...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.14a: A ray of monochromatic light is incident on a thin film of soap water that is suspended in air....
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.14b: White light is incident normally on the soap film. The thickness d of the soap film is 225 nm and...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: (i) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the acceleration of the mass varies with...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: (i) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the velocity of the mass varies withtime from...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6d: The period of oscillation is 0.20s and the distance from A to B is 0.040m. Determine the maximum...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7d: (i) On the diagram below, draw lines to represent the gravitational field around the planet...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the frequency measured by an observer when (i) the observer is stationary and the...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: When both source and observer are stationary the wavelength is λ0 and the wavespeed is v0. In...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Describe the Doppler effect.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: A spectral line from a source on Earth has a frequency of 4.672×1014 Hz. When this same line is...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.12a: Radio telescopes can be used to locate distant galaxies. The ability of such telescopes to...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.12b: Due to the Doppler effect, light from distant galaxies is often red-shifted. (i) Describe, with...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Marker P undergoes simple harmonic motion. The amplitude of the wave is 1.7×10–2m and the mass of...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: State what is meant by resolved in this context.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: The wavelength of the light from the two sources is 528 nm. The distance of the two sources from...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.9a: (i) State the wave phenomenon that limits the resolution of the eye. (ii) State the Rayleigh...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.9b: An advertising sign contains two straight vertical sections that emit light. The vertical...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: Light from a monochromatic point source S1 is incident on a narrow, rectangular slit. After...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: Judy looks at two point sources identical to the source S1 in (a). The distance between the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.17b: The number of slits is now increased. State and explain the effect, if any, this has on the...
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.10a: Outline how the fringes are formed.
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.10b: State and explain how the fringe separation changes if the angle of the wedge is increased slightly.
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.6d: The graph below shows the variation of the velocity v with time t for one oscillating particle of...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3a: Light of wavelength 620 nm from a laser is incident on a single rectangular slit of width 0.45...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: The laser in (a) is replaced by two identical lasers so that the light from both lasers...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3c: Compare the appearance of a single-slit diffraction pattern formed by laser light to that formed...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: A fire engine is travelling at a constant velocity towards a stationary observer. Its siren emits...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: The frequency of the note emitted by the siren is 400 Hz. After the fire engine has passed, the...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.4: This question is about resolution. A car is travelling along a straight road at night. To a...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.20a: State the condition necessary to observe interference between two light sources.
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.20b: The diagram below shows an arrangement for observing a double slit interference pattern. A...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.20c: The slits in (b) are replaced by a large number of slits of the same width and separation as the...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.19b: Suggest why, even though there are dark fringes in the pattern, no energy is lost.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.12a: Show that when θ=0 the condition for destructive interference between rays X and Y...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.12b: Light of wavelength 640 nm in air is incident normally on the glass surface. (i) Show that the...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.7f: Describe what is meant by the Doppler effect.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.7g: One of the lines in the spectrum of atomic hydrogen has a frequency of 4.6×1016Hz as measured in...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.7h: The star X has a companion star Y. The distance from Earth to the stars is 1.0×1018m. The images...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.11a: An observer viewing the microscope slide at near-normal incidence measures the fringe spacing to...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: Describe what is meant by the Doppler effect as it relates to sound.
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: An ambulance is travelling at a speed of 28.0 ms–1 along a straight road. Its siren emits a...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: Two point sources S1 and S2 emit monochromatic light of the same wavelength. The light is...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: A car is travelling at night along a straight road. Diane is walking towards the car. She sees...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.15: Light of wavelength λ is emitted by two point sources. The light passes through a circular...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: For particle P, (i) state how graph 1 shows that its oscillations are not damped. (ii)...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: Explain, using a diagram, any difference between ƒ and ƒ'.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: The frequency ƒ is 3.00×102Hz. An observer moves towards the stationary car at a constant speed...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.21a: Determine the angular separation of the two lines when viewed in the second order spectrum.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.21b: State why it is more difficult to observe the double yellow line when viewed in the first order...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Deduce that the thickness of the air wedge t that gives rise to a bright fringe, is given by...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: The length of the air wedge, L, is 8.2 cm. The bright fringes are each separated by a distance of...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.17: During a journey an observer travels at constant speed towards, and then goes beyond, a...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.18: A parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength \(\lambda \) passes through a slit of width...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.13: A mass on the end of a horizontal spring is displaced from its equilibrium position by a distance...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.19: Which of the following wave phenomena is associated with blood flow measurements? A.   ...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.20: A beam of coherent light is incident on a single slit of width \(b\). After passing through the...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.21: The images of two sources are just resolved. Which of the following is a correct statement of the...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.19: Two galaxies with an angular separation at the observer of \(5.0 \times {10^{ - 4}}\) radians are...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.18: A source of sound approaches a stationary observer. The speed of the emitted sound and its...
• 10N.1.SL.TZ0.12: Which of the following is the correct expression for the displacement \(x\)? A.    ...
• 10N.1.SL.TZ0.13: Which of the following is the correct expression for the maximum acceleration of the object? A....
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.B1Part1.c: (i)     Show that the speed of the pendulum bob at the midpoint of the oscillation is...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.G5a: State why the light reflected from the two microscope slides produces a system of interference...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.G5b: The condition that a bright fringe is observed in the field of view of the travelling microscope...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.G5c: In the diagram, the length of the slides is 5.00 cm. The wavelength of the monochromatic light is...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A2a: (i)     On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the intensity of the light on the screen...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A2b: Points P and Q are on the circumference of a planet as shown. By considering the two points,...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.G3b: For a particular grating, the distance between adjacent slits is...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.21: A mass is connected to a spring on a frictionless horizontal surface as shown.     The...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.22: A single-slit diffraction experiment is performed using light of different colours. The width of...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.23: In a double-slit interference experiment, the following...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.24: A simple pendulum has mass M and length l. The period of oscillation of the pendulum is T....
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.25: A train moves at constant speed whilst emitting a sound wave of frequency f0. At t=t0...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which of the following...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.4c: One particle in the medium has its equilibrium position at x=1.00 m. (i) State and explain the...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.10b: The width of each slit is 1.0μm. Use the graph to (i) estimate the wavelength of light. (ii)...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.10c: The arrangement is modified so that the number of slits becomes very large. Their separation and...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.26: A particle is oscillating with simple harmonic motion (shm) of amplitude x0 and maximum kinetic...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.27: Monochromatic light is incident on a double slit. Both slits have a finite width. The light then...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.28: Light of wavelength λ is incident normally on a diffraction grating that has a slit separation...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.29: A diffraction grating is used to observe light of wavelength 400 nm. The light illuminates 100...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Police use radar to detect speeding cars. A police officer stands at the side of the road and...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.6b: Airports use radar to track the position of aircraft. The waves are reflected from the aircraft...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A pendulum oscillating near the surface of the Earth swings with a time period T. What is the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.27: For fringes to be observed in a double-slit interference experiment, the slits must emit waves...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.28: A train moving at speed u relative to the ground, sounds a whistle of constant frequency f as it...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Describe the conditions required for an object to perform simple harmonic motion (SHM).
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Calculate the mass of the wooden block.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: In carrying out the experiment the student displaced the block horizontally by 4.8 cm from the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7d: A second identical spring is placed in parallel and the experiment in (b) is repeated. Suggest...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.26: A mass oscillates with simple harmonic motion (SHM) of amplitude xo. Its total energy is 16...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.27: Blue light is incident on two narrow slits. Constructive interference takes place along the lines...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.28: Two points illuminated by monochromatic light are separated by a small distance. The light...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.29: A train travelling in a straight line emits a sound of constant frequency f. An observer at...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.i: A wave of amplitude 4.3 m and wavelength 35 m, moves with a speed of 3.4 m s–1. Calculate the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.ii: Sketch a graph to show the variation with time of the generator output power. Label the time axis...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4c.i: Determine the width of one of the slits.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4c.ii: Suggest the variation in the output voltage from the light sensor that will be observed as the...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.27: A spring loaded with mass m oscillates with simple harmonic motion. The amplitude of the motion...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.28: Monochromatic light is incident on two identical slits to produce an interference pattern on a...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.29: A transparent liquid forms a parallel-sided thin film in air. The diagram shows a ray I incident...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.30: A stationary sound source emits waves of wavelength \(\lambda \) and speed v. The source now...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2f.i: Estimate the value of k in the following expression. T = \(2\pi \sqrt {\frac{m}{k}} \) Give an...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2f.ii: Describe the energy changes in the satellite Y-cable system during one cycle of the oscillation.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.6a.i: Explain why zero intensity is observed at position A.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.6a.ii: The distance from the centre of the pattern to A is 4.1 x 10–2 m. The distance from the screen to...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.6a.iii: Calculate the separation of the two slits.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.6b.i: State and explain the differences between the pattern on the screen due to the grating and the...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.6b.ii: The yellow light is made from two very similar wavelengths that produce two lines in the spectrum...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A mass at the end of a vertical spring and a simple pendulum perform oscillations on Earth that...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.27: Monochromatic light of wavelength λ in air is incident normally on a thin film of refractive...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Monochromatic light is incident on 4 rectangular, parallel slits. The first principal maximum is...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Two lines X and Y in the emission spectrum of hydrogen gas are measured by an observer stationary...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.1e.i: Calculate the time taken for the block to return to the equilibrium position for the first time. 
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.1e.ii: Calculate the speed of the block as it passes the equilibrium position. 
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.3b.i: Calculate the angular separation between the central peak and the missing peak in the double-slit...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.3b.ii: Deduce, in mm, the width of one slit.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.3c: The wavelength of the light in the beam when emitted by the galaxy was 621.4 nm. Explain,...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.11b.i: determine the initial energy.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.24: A simple pendulum bob oscillates as shown.                                                      ...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.25: A beam of monochromatic light is incident on a single slit and a diffraction pattern forms on the...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.26: A beam of monochromatic light is incident on a diffraction grating of N lines per unit...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.27: A train is approaching an observer with constant speed                                          ...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.1d.ii: Show that the period of oscillation of the ball is about 6 s.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.1d.iii: The amplitude of oscillation is 0.12 m. On the axes, draw a graph to show the variation with time...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Monochromatic light from two identical lamps arrives on a screen.                              ...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Monochromatic light from a single source is incident on two thin, parallel slits. The...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.5c: The slit separation is increased. Outline one change observed on the screen.

Topic 10: Fields

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A particle of charge q is at point S in a uniform electric field of strength E. The particle...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.21: A particle has charge and mass. Which types of field cause a force to be exerted on the particle...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.20: An electron is held close to the surface of a negatively charged sphere and then released. Which...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.20: The diagram shows two point charges P and Q. At which position is the electric field strength...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.21: An electron is held close to the surface of a negatively charged sphere and then released. Which...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.24: Two spherical objects of mass M are held a small distance apart. The radius of each object is...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.25: The diagram shows equipotential lines around two sources. Possible sources are I. two equal...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.6d: Define electric field strength at a point in an electric field.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.6f: A space station is in orbit at a distance r from the centre of the planet in (e)(i). A satellite...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.8: A field line is normal to an equipotential surface A. for both electric and gravitational...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Two negatively charged particles are released from rest half-way between two oppositely charged...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ2.20: The gravitational field strength at a point X in a gravitational field is defined as the...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Four point charges of equal magnitude W, X, Y and Z are each fixed to a corner of a square. W...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.7: The sketch graph shows how the gravitational potential V of a planet varies with distance r from...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.8: Which diagram shows a correct equipotential line due to two point charges X and Y of opposite...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.6i: Deduce that the speed of the spaceship is \(v = \sqrt {\frac{{GM}}{r}} \).
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.6j: The table gives equations for the forms of energy of the orbiting spaceship. The spaceship...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.25: A negatively charged particle falls vertically into a region where there is an electric field....
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6b.i: Calculate the electric field strength between the plates.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: On the diagram, draw the shape of the electric field between the plates.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6b.iii: Determine the change in the electric potential energy of M as it moves from the positive to the...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.20: A positive point charge P and a negative point charge Q of equal magnitude are held at fixed...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.21: What field pattern can be produced by two point charges?
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.23: A positive point charge P and a negative point charge Q of equal magnitude are held at fixed...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.25: At the surface of a planet of radius r, the gravitational field strength is g and the...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.26: A negative ion is held at point P in an electric field as represented by the arrowed field...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: The kinetic energy \({E_{\text{K}}}\) given to the shuttle at its launch is given by the...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.4b.i: Show that the total energy of the shuttle in its orbit is given by \( - \frac{{GMm}}{{2R}}\). Air...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.4b.ii: Using the expression for \({E_{\text{K}}}\) in (a) and your answer to (b)(i), determine \(R\) in...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.4c: In practice, the total energy of the shuttle decreases as it collides with air molecules in the...
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.6f: Using the diagram, draw the electric field pattern due to the charged sphere.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.6d: The table gives the gravitational potential V for various distances r from the surface of Earth....
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.7: The escape speed of a rocket from the surface of Earth depends on the universal gravitational...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.8: A satellite in orbit about Earth moves to another orbit that is closer to the surface of Earth....
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.22: Which diagram shows the electric field pattern surrounding two equal positive point charges?
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.22: An electron of mass me and charge e accelerates between two plates separated by a distance s in a...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.22: A satellite is in orbit about Earth at a distance r from the centre of Earth. The gravitational...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.23: The graph shows the variation with distance r of the electric potential V for a positively...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.23: M is a spherical mass situated far away from any other masses. Which of the following...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.24: A satellite is moved from a low orbit to a higher orbit. Which of the following accurately...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: The diagram shows a pair of horizontal metal plates. Electrons can be deflected vertically using...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: The diagram shows two isolated electrons, X and Y, initially at rest in a vacuum. The initial...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.19: A particle of mass m is a distance R from the surface of Earth of mass M. The force acting on...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.7: Two charged parallel metal plates, X and Y, are separated by a distance of 2.0 m. X is at a...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.8: A satellite in close-Earth orbit moves to an orbit further from the Earth’s surface. Which of the...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.20: The electric field strength between two oppositely charged parallel plates A. has the same value...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.21: At the surface of a planet of radius r, the gravitational potential is –6.4×107J kg–1. The...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.11c: A polar orbiting satellite has an orbit which passes above both of the Earth’s poles. One polar...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: In a simple model of the hydrogen atom, the electron can be regarded as being in a circular orbit...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.7: A spacecraft moves from point X to point Y in the gravitational field of Earth. At point X, the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.8: A spacecraft is in orbit at a distance...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.20: Three positive point charges +Q are fixed in position at the vertices of an isosceles triangle. P...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.6: Which graph shows how the total energy E of an orbiting satellite varies with distance r from the...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.21: The diagram shows the electric field pattern due to two point charges X and Y. Y is a negative...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.7b: Two plastic rods each have a positive charge +q situated at one end. The rods are arranged...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: A satellite, of mass m, is in orbit about Earth at a distance r from the centre of...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.8b: The graph shows the variation with distance r of the Earth’s gravitational...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Define electric potential at a point in an electric field.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: A positive point charge is moving towards a small, charged metal sphere along a radial...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: Explain what is meant by escape speed.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.4b: Titania is a moon that orbits the planet Uranus. The mass of Titania is 3.5×1021kg. The radius of...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.9b: The diagram shows a satellite orbiting the Earth. The satellite is part of the network of...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.9c: (i) Explain why the satellite is accelerating towards the centre of the Earth even though its...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.8e: Define gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.8f: The graph shows how the gravitational potential V of Earth varies with distance R from the centre...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.8g: State why the change of potential energy in (f)(ii) is an increase.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.24: Which of the diagrams below best represents the equipotential surfaces around two identical point...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.25: Which of the following graphs represents how the total energy E of an orbiting satellite varies...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.2b: Deduce for the probe in orbit that its (i) speed is \(v = \sqrt {\frac{{GM}}{r}} \). (ii) total...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.2c: It is now required to place the probe in another circular orbit further away from the planet. To...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.7: The mass of a planet is \(M\) and its radius is \(R\). In order for a body of mass \(m\) to...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.8: The two graphs below represent the variation with distance, \(d\), for \(d = r\) to \(d = 2r\) of...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.7: The diagram shows two parallel metal plates X and Y. Plate X is at Earth potential (0 V) and...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.8: Gravitational potential at a point is defined as the work done A.     per unit mass in moving a...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.9: The escape speed from the surface of a planet depends on A.     both the radius and the mass of...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.16: A point charge of magnitude \(2.0{\text{ }}\mu {\text{ C}}\) is moved between two points X and Y....
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.7: Which of the following represents a scalar and a vector quantity?
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.21: The diagram below shows a particle with positive charge q accelerating between two conducting...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.24: The diagram shows equipotential lines due to two objects. The two objects could be A.   ...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.25: Two positive and two negative point charges of equal magnitude are placed at the vertices of a...
• 10N.1.SL.TZ0.20: Which arrangement of three point charges at the corner of an equilateral triangle will result in...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.B4Part2.a: Define gravitational potential energy of a mass at a point.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.B4Part2.b: (i)     calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the rocket at a distance 4R...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.B2Part1.a: Define electric field strength.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.B2Part1.b: A thundercloud can be modelled as a negatively charged plate that is parallel to the...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.B2Part1.c: (i)     Determine the magnitude of the electric field between the base of the thundercloud and...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.26: A negative charge moves in an electric field. Equipotential lines for the field...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.27: In an experiment, oil droplets of mass m and charge q are dropped into...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.28: A satellite orbits a planet. Which graph shows how the kinetic...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which of the following...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline what is meant by escape speed.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5b: A probe is launched vertically upwards from the surface of a planet with a...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5c: The total energy of a probe in orbit around a planet of mass M is \(E =  - \frac{{GMm}}{{2r}}\)...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.30: What is the unit of Gε0, where G is the gravitational constant and ε0 is the permittivity of free...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.31: Two parallel metal plates are connected to a dc power supply. An electric field forms in the...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A satellite of mass 1500 kg is in the Earth’s gravitational field. It moves from a point where...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at the surface of a planet.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.7b: An unpowered projectile is fired vertically upwards into deep space from the surface of planet...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.29: An electric field acts in the space between two charged parallel plates. One plate is at zero...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.30: A satellite at the surface of the Earth has a weight W and gravitational potential energy Ep. The...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.31: Two point charges are at rest as shown. At which position is the electric field strength...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Outline how this diagram shows that the gravitational field strength of planet X decreases with...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: The diagram shows part of the surface of planet X. The gravitational potential at the surface of...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: A meteorite, very far from planet X begins to fall to the surface with a negligibly small initial...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.30: A positive charge Q is deposited on the surface of a small sphere. The dotted lines...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.31: The graph shows the variation of the gravitational potential V with distance r from the centre of...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.32: Four uniform planets have masses and radii as shown. Which planet has the smallest escape speed?
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Outline why the gravitational potential is negative.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.i: The gravitational potential due to the Sun at a distance r from its centre is VS. Show that rVS...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.ii: Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun. Give your...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.iii: Calculate the total energy of the Earth in its orbit.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.iv: An asteroid strikes the Earth and causes the orbital speed of the Earth to suddenly decrease....
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.31: A charge of −3 C is moved from A to B and then back to A. The electric potential at A is +10 V...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A spacecraft moves towards the Earth under the influence of the gravitational field of the...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.33: An isolated hollow metal sphere of radius R carries a positive charge. Which graph shows...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2a: Satellite X orbits 6600 km from the centre of the Earth. Mass of the Earth = 6.0 x 1024 kg Show...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2b.i: the orbital times for X and Y are different.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2b.ii: satellite Y requires a propulsion system.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Four identical, positive, point charges of magnitude Q are placed at the vertices of a square of...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.31: The diagram shows 5 gravitational equipotential lines. The gravitational potential on each line...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.32: An electron of mass me orbits an alpha particle of mass mα in a circular orbit of radius r. Which...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8c.i: On the diagram, draw and label the equipotential lines at –0.4 V and –0.8 V.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.28: A moon of mass M orbits a planet of mass 100M. The radius of the planet is R and the...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.29: The diagram shows the electric field and the electric equipotential surfaces between two...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.30: A positive point charge is placed above a metal plate at zero electric potential. Which...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.31: A satellite orbiting a planet moves from orbit X to orbit Y.                                    ...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.32: The mass of the Earth is ME and the mass of the Moon is MM. Their respective radii are RE and...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6a.ii: Show that V = –g(R + h).
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6a.iii: Draw a graph, on the axes, to show the variation of the gravitational potential V of the planet...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: A planet has a radius of 3.1 × 106 m. At a point P a distance 2.4 × 107 m above the surface of...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: The diagram shows the path of an asteroid as it moves past the planet.                          ...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6d: The mass of the asteroid is 6.2 × 1012 kg. Calculate the gravitational force experienced by the...

Topic 11: Electromagnetic induction

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.20: Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the electromotive force (emf) induced in a...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.21: The graph below shows the variation with time of an alternating current in a resistor of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.18: A magnet oscillates above a solenoid as shown. The magnet is displaced vertically and released...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.19: Two identical resistors R are connected in series to an alternating current (ac) power supply....
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.8d: Explain, with reference to electromagnetic induction, the effect of the motion of the coil on the...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Calculate the electromotive force (emf) induced in the coil at the instant just before the whole...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Suggest why the time taken for the whole of the coil to enter the magnetic field increases if the...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.25: The graph shows the variation with time t of the power P produced in a coil that is rotating in a...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A bar magnet is close to a coil. No other magnetic fields are present. An ammeter is connected to...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.24: The diagram shows a loop L of wire in a uniform magnetic field B. The loop encloses an area A...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.25: The voltage output of a particular power station is stepped up by a factor of 103. As a result...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: State and explain the direction of the current induced in the ring during this change.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: The following data are available. Resistance of ring = 3.0×10–3ΩInitial magnetic flux =...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.20: An aircraft with a wing span of 50 m flies horizontally at a speed of...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.21: An alternating current is sinusoidal and has a maximum value of 1.5 A. What is the approximate...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8d: Outline, with reference to electromagnetic induction, how a voltage is induced across the...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8e: The primary coil has 25 turns and is connected to an alternating supply with an input voltage of...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8f.i: Calculate the current in the cables connected to the town
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8f.ii: Calculate the power supplied to the transformer.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8f.iii: Determine the input voltage to the transformer if the power loss in the cables from the power...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8g: Outline why laminating the core improves the efficiency of a transformer.
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.20: A flat coil with N turns has a cross-sectional area A. The coil has a flux density of B in a...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.21: The graph shows the variation with time of a magnetic flux passing through a loop of...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.6f: Outline the features of an ideal step-down transformer.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.6g: Real transformers are subject to energy loss. State and explain how two causes of these energy...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.6h.i: Calculate the power consumed by the internal circuits when the TV is in “standby” mode.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.6h.ii: The efficiency of the transformer is 0.95. Determine the current supplied by the 230 V mains supply.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.6h.iii: The TV is on “standby” for 75% of the time. Calculate the energy wasted in one year by not...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Define magnetic flux.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: (i)     Determine the maximum emf induced between the ends of the metal rod. (ii)     Using the...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.24: The peak value of an alternating sinusoidal potential difference is 100V. The approximate rms...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.25: The diagram shows the view from above as an airplane flies horizontally through the Earth’s...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.30: A coil and a magnet can move horizontally to the left or to the right at the same speed. In...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.31: In an ideal transformer I. the power output exceeds the power inputII. the magnetic flux...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.32: The graph shows the variation with time t of the output voltage V of a generator. Assuming all...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.39: The capacitance of a device is defined as the A. charge stored by the device.B. energy stored by...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.39: Capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the A. ability to store electrical charge.B. ratio of...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.25: A uniform magnetic field directed into the page occupies a region of width L.  A conducting coil...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.26: An ideal transformer has 200 turns of wire on the primary coil and 600 turns on the secondary...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.24: The magnetic flux Φ through a coil with 1000 turns varies with time t as shown in the...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.25: A coil rotates in a magnetic field. The emf ε produced in the coil varies sinusoidally with time...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6a:  A bar magnet falls vertically from rest through a coil of wire. The potential difference (pd)...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: The magnet is now suspended from a spring. The magnet is displaced vertically and starts to...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.23: The graph shows the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.24: The rms...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.23: A length of copper wire PQ is moved downwards through the poles of two horizontal bar magnets as...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.24: The rms voltage of a sinusoidal electricity supply is 110V. The maximum potential difference...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.23: An ideal transformer has a primary coil with Np turns and a secondary coil with Ns turns. The...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.24: An alternating current generator produces a root mean squared (rms) emf of ε at a frequency f....
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: ...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: ...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: A rod made of conducting material is in a region of uniform magnetic field. It is...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: The length of the rod in (a) is 1.2 m and its speed is 6.2 m s–1. The induced emf is 15 mV. (i)...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: State Lenz’s law.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: Two identical aluminium balls are dropped simultaneously from the same height. Ball P falls...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: On the axes provided, draw a graph to show (i) the variation with time t of the vertical...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.7b: The length of the rod is 0.18 m and the magnitude of the magnetic field is 58 μT. The frequency...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.7c: The frequency of the motion is doubled without any change in the amplitude of the motion. State...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: A loop of copper wire in a region of uniform magnetic field is rotated about a horizontal...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: The loop in (a) is connected in series with a resistor of resistance 15 Ω. The root mean squared...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.19: A coil of wire has a large number of turns. It is moved relative to a fixed magnetic field. The...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.20: A sinusoidal ac power supply has rms voltage V and supplies rms current I. What is the maximum...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.13c: A square loop of conducting wire is placed near a straight wire carrying a constant current I....
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.24: A permanent bar magnet is moved towards a coil of conducting wire wrapped around a non-conducting...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.25: In order to reduce power losses in the transmission lines between a power station and a factory,...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.25: A copper sheet is suspended in a region of uniform magnetic field by an insulating wire connected...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.26: An alternating current supply of negligible internal resistance is connected to two resistors...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.34: The capacitance of a pixel of a CCD is 3.2 pF. A pulse of light is incident on the pixel and as a...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.25: A magnetic field of strength \(B\) links a coil. The direction of the field is normal to the...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.26: Raoul suggests that power losses in a transformer may be reduced by the following. I.   ...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.26: Which of the following gives the correct times at which the magnitude of the magnetic flux...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.27: The resistance of the coil is \({\text{5.0 }}\Omega \). Which of the following is the average...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.A4a: In order to measure the rms value of an alternating current in a cable, a small coil of wire is...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.A4b: The graph below shows the variation with time \(t\) of the current in the cable. On the axes...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.A4c: Explain how readings on the high resistance ac voltmeter can be used to compare the rms values of...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.29: A coil of area A is placed in a region of uniform horizontal...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.30: The diagram shows a conducting rod of length L being...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.31: An alternating current (ac) power supply...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.32: A full-wave diode rectification circuit is...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.33: A parallel-plate capacitor is...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.34: Three identical capacitors, each of...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which of the following...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.6b: The diagram shows charge carriers moving with speed v in a metallic conductor of width L. The...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7a: On the axes, draw a graph to show the variation with time of the voltage across the resistor.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7b: (i) The time constant of this circuit is 22s. State what is meant by the time constant. (ii)...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7c: A dielectric material is now inserted between the plates of the fully charged capacitor. State...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7d: (i) The permittivity of the dielectric material in (c) is twice that of a vacuum. Calculate the...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.33: Which of the following reduces the energy losses in a transformer?  A. Using thinner wires for...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.34: The secondary coil of an alternating current (ac) transformer is connected to two diodes as...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.35: A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery. What happens when a sheet of dielectric...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.36: Three capacitors are arranged as shown. What is the total capacitance of the arrangement? A....
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.10b: Electrical power output is produced by several alternating current (ac) generators which use...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.10c: In an alternating current (ac) generator, a square coil ABCD rotates in a magnetic field. The...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.32: A direct current (dc) of 5A dissipates a power P in a resistor. Which peak value of the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.33: What are the units of magnetic flux and magnetic field strength?
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.34: A battery is used to charge a capacitor fully through a resistor of resistance R. The energy...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.35: A capacitor is charged by a constant current of 2.5 μA for 100 s. As a result the potential...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.36: A conducting square coil is placed in a region where there is a uniform magnetic field. The...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: State Faraday’s law of induction.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.i: Explain, using Faraday’s law of induction, how the transformer steps down the voltage.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.ii: The input voltage is 240 V. Calculate the output voltage.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.8c: Outline how energy losses are reduced in the core of a practical transformer.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.8d: Step-up transformers are used in power stations to increase the voltage at which the electricity...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.33: The diagram shows a bar magnet near an aluminium ring. The ring is supported so that it is...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.34: Three conducting loops, X, Y and Z, are moving with the same speed from a region of zero magnetic...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.35: Two capacitors of different capacitance are connected in series to a source of emf of...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.36: A fully charged capacitor is connected to a resistor. When the switch is closed the capacitor...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3a: The capacitance of the capacitor is 22 mF. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor when it...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3b: The resistance of the wire is 8.0 Ω. Determine the time taken for the capacitor to discharge...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Calculate the root mean square (rms) current in each cable.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6e.i: Suggest the advantage of using a step-up transformer in this way.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6e.ii: The use of alternating current (ac) in a transformer gives rise to energy losses. State how eddy...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.34: The plane of a coil is positioned at right angles to a magnetic field of flux density B. The...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.35: The ratio \(\frac{{{\text{number of primary turns}}}}{{{\text{number of secondary turns}}}}\) for...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.36: An alternating current (ac) generator produces a peak emf E0 and periodic time T. What are...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Six identical capacitors, each of value C, are connected as shown. What is the total...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.38: A capacitor of capacitance C discharges through a resistor of resistance R. The graph shows...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2c: The cable between the satellites cuts the magnetic field lines of the Earth at right...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.2e: The magnetic field strength of the Earth is 31 μT at the orbital radius of the satellites. The...
• 259334: This is an example question for the example test. You can delete this question.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.33: Two identical circular coils are placed one below the other so that their planes are both...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.34: The graph shows the variation with time t of the current I in the primary coil of an ideal...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.35: The diagram shows a diode bridge rectification circuit and a load resistor.                    ...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.36: A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a cell of negligible internal resistance.            ...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Calculate the distance between the plates.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: The capacitor is connected to a 16 V cell as shown.                                          ...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: The capacitor is fully charged and the space between the plates is then filled with a dielectric...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.7d: In a different circuit, a transformer is connected to an alternating current (ac) supply. The...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.7e: Describe the use of transformers in electrical power distribution.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.33: The current I flowing in loop A in a clockwise direction is increasing so as to induce a...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.34: A rectangular flat coil moves at constant speed through a uniform magnetic field. The direction...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.35: The graph shows the power dissipated in a resistor of 100 Ω when connected to an alternating...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.36: Three capacitors, each one with a capacitance C, are connected such that their...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Show that the capacitance of this arrangement is C = 6.6 × 10–7 F.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.i: Calculate in V, the potential difference between the thundercloud and the Earth’s surface.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.8b.ii: Calculate in J, the energy stored in the system.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.8c.i: Show that about –11 C of charge is delivered to the Earth’s surface.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.8d: State one assumption that needs to be made so that the Earth-thundercloud system may be modelled...

Topic 12: Quantum and nuclear physics

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Photoelectrons are emitted at a certain rate when monochromatic light is incident on a metal...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Which phenomenon provides evidence for the wave nature of an electron? A. Line spectra of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.33: A particular radioactive substance decays and emits both β\(^ + \) particles and neutrinos. Which...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.28: Red light incident on a metal surface produces photoelectrons. The potential V of the supply...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.32: The following observations are made during nuclear decays. I. Discrete energy of alpha...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: Explain how the pattern demonstrates that electrons have wave properties.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7d: Electrons are accelerated to a speed of 3.6×107 ms−1 by the electric field. (i) Calculate the de...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7e: State what can be deduced about an electron from the amplitude of its associated wavefunction.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7f: An electron reaching the central bright spot on the fluorescent screen has a small uncertainty in...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.9h: (i) Calculate, in hour−1, the decay constant of lead-212. (ii) In a pure sample of lead-212 at...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.2c: U-235 \(\left( {{}_{92}^{235}{\rm{U}}} \right)\) can undergo alpha decay to form an isotope of...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.9c: State what is meant by the wavefunction of an electron.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.9d: An electron is confined in a length of 2.0 \( \times \) 10–10 m. (i) Determine the uncertainty...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Determine the maximum wavelength of the photons that can cause photoemission.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Calculate the momentum of an electron that has the same de Broglie wavelength as the wavelength...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: Outline why the existence of neutrinos was hypothesized to account for the energy spectrum of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: The decay constant for magnesium-23 is 0.061 s−1. Calculate the time taken for the number of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: (i) Calculate, in eV, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. (ii) The number of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: The wavelength of the light incident on the sodium surface is decreased without changing its...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: Outline how the half-life of X can be determined experimentally.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: A pure sample of X has a mass of 1.8 kg. The half-life of X is 9000 years. Determine the mass of...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.33: In the “electron in a box” model, an electron is confined to move along a line of length L. What...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.28: Light that is shone onto a metal surface may result in the emission of electrons from the...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.29: An electron X is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. Another electron Y is...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.31: If there is no uncertainty in the value of the de Broglie wavelength of a particle then this...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ1.5d: Potassium-38 decays with a half-life of eight minutes. (i) Define the term radioactive...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.9f: Light is incident on a metal surface A. A potential difference is applied between A and an...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.9g: A photon of energy 6.6×10–19J is incident upon a clean sodium surface. The work function of...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.28: When electromagnetic radiation falls on a photocell, electrons of mass \({m_{\text{e}}}\) are...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.30: A particle has a de Broglie wavelength \(\lambda \) and kinetic energy \(E\). What is the...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline why the wave model of light cannot account for the photoelectric effect.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5b.i: Calculate, in eV, the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5b.ii: The intensity of the light is \({\text{5.1 }}\mu {\text{W}}\,{{\text{m}}^{ - 2}}\). Determine the...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6c.iii: Radium-226 has a half-life of 1600 years. Determine the time, in years, it takes for the activity...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Describe the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: The momentum of the electron is known precisely. Deduce that all the information on its position...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4d: With reference to Schrödinger’s model, state the meaning of the amplitude of the wavefunction for...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: Define decay constant.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: A sample of 1.6 mol of the radioactive nuclide...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Particle X has an initial kinetic energy of 6.2MeV after the decay in (b). In a scattering...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Outline how the Einstein model is used to explain the photoelectric effect.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: State why, although the incident light is monochromatic, the energies of the emitted electrons vary.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain why no electrons are emitted if the frequency of the incident light is less than a...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5d: For monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm a stopping potential of 1.75 V is required....
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.i: On the diagram, label using arrows all the possible transitions that might occur as the hydrogen...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.ii: State the energy in eV of the maximum wavelength photon emitted as the hydrogen atom returns to...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6b.i: 10.2 eV.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6b.ii: 9.0 eV.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.7c.i: State what is meant by half-life.
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.27: Three types of radiation emitted from radioactive materials are given below. I. AlphaII....
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Which of the following is correct for the de Broglie wavelength λ of a particle when the kinetic...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.31: According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, conjugate quantities are pairs of quantities...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.32: Three phenomena associated with nuclear and quantum physics are I. Einstein photoelectric...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.34: A radioactive nuclide decays to a stable daughter nuclide. Initially the sample consists entirely...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9d: Explain why photoelectrons are not emitted from the metal surface unless the frequency of...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.i: identify the minimum value of the frequency \({f_0}\) for photoelectrons to be emitted.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.ii: determine the Planck constant.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.iii: calculate the work function, in eV, for the metal surface.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9f: The student repeats the experiment with a different metal surface that has a smaller value for...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe wave-particle duality in relation to the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.i: The electrons were accelerated through a potential difference of 54 V. Show that the associated...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: The electron detector recorded a large number of electrons at a particular scattering angle...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.7b.i: Outline a method for measuring the half-life of an isotope, such as the half-life of carbon-11.
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.7b.ii: State the law of radioactive decay.
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.7b.iii: Derive the relationship between the half-life \({T_{\frac{1}{2}}}\) and the decay constant...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.7b.iv: Calculate the number of nuclei of carbon-11 that will produce an activity of...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8d: (i)     Suggest why the work function for caesium is smaller than that of mercury. (ii)   ...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8f: An exact determination of the location of the electron in a hydrogen atom is not possible....
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe what is meant by the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: (i)     Calculate the kinetic energy of the particle. (ii)     Determine the de Broglie...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Define the decay constant of a radioactive isotope.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Show that the decay constant \(\lambda \) is related to the half-life \({T_{\frac{1}{2}}}\) by...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.6c: Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 28 years. Calculate the time taken for...
• 11N.1.SL.TZO.23: In Geiger and Marsden’s experiments a thin gold foil was bombarded with alpha particles. It was...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.28: A positively charged particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest through a potential...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Light is shone onto the surface of a metal and photoelectrons are emitted. Which of the following...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.30: The probability of finding an electron at a particular position in a hydrogen atom is...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.33: According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle the quantity paired with momentum is A....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.34: Photons are incident on a metal surface. Electrons are emitted from the surface. What single...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.36: Evidence for nuclear energy levels comes from discrete energies of I. alpha particlesII. beta...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Which particles are emitted in β+ decay? A. Positron and neutrinoB. Positron and antineutrinoC....
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.28: When the cathode of a photoelectric cell is illuminated with red light, a photoelectric current...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.30: In the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, conjugate quantities are pairs of quantities that cannot...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.33: The decay constant is the probability of the A. number of radioactive decays per unit time.B....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.29: An electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference V has de Broglie wavelength...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.32: A radioactive sample of initial activity 12.0Bq has a half-life of 3.0 days. Which of the...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.29: An electron of mass me and a proton of mass mp are moving with the same kinetic energy at...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.31: The decay constant of a radioactive isotope is 10–3s–1. Which of the following is the probability...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.40: Photoelectrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light of frequency ƒ is incident on...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: State what is meant by work function.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8b: The diagram shows part of an experimental arrangement used to investigate the photoelectric...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8d: In an experiment, light at a particular frequency is incident on a surface and electrons are...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Outline how the de Broglie hypothesis explains the existence of a discrete set of wavefunctions...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: The diagram below shows the shape of two allowed wavefunctions ѱA and ѱB for an electron confined...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Sodium-22 has a decay constant of 0.27 yr–1. (i) Calculate, in years, the half-life of...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.31: Which of the following provides...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.27: Monochrom...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.30: ...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.32: ...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Light of a particular wavelength and intensity does not cause photoelectric emission from a clean...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Alpha particles of charge +2e and mass m are accelerated from rest through a potential difference...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.28: The decay constant of a radioactive isotope with half-life T is defined as A....
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12a: Explain with reference to the Einstein model, which graph, A or B,...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12b: The frequency of the light that produces graph A is 8.8×1014Hz. The...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12c: The frequency of the incident light is increased but the...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12d: The electrons emitted from the photo-cathode have an...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.15c: Consider an electron confined in a one-dimensional “box” of length L. The de Broglie waves...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.15d: An electron is confined in a “box” of length L=1.0×10–10m in the n=1 energy level. Its position...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Define decay constant.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Plutonium-238 is to be used as a power source in a space probe. (i) Determine the initial...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: When red light is incident on the metallic surface M the microammeter registers a current....
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: The graph shows the variation with voltage V of the current I in the circuit. The work...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.12d: The total energy of the particle represented by the dotted line is 1.2 GeV more than what is...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Light of frequency 8.7×1014Hz is incident on the surface of a metal in a photocell. The surface...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: State the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Determine the de Broglie wavelength of a proton that has been accelerated from rest through a...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: Explain why a precise knowledge of the de Broglie wavelength of the proton implies that its...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: (i) Define decay constant. (ii) A sample of nitrogen-13 has an initial activity of 800 Bq. The...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: (i) Calculate the half-life of nitrogen-13. (ii) Outline how the half-life of a sample of...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: Nitrogen-13 undergoes β+ decay. Outline the experimental evidence that suggests another particle,...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: Describe the concept of a photon.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: In the photoelectric effect there exists a threshold frequency below which no emission...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: Tritium is a radioactive nuclide with a half-life of 4500 days. It decays to an isotope of...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: The diagram shows the set up of an experiment designed to verify the Einstein model of the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Light of frequency f is shone onto the tungsten electrode in (a). The potential Vs for which the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: The work function of tungsten is 4.5eV. Show that the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Determine the fraction of caesium-137 that will have decayed after 120 years.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: Light of wavelength 420 nm is incident on a clean metal surface. The work function of the metal...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.8c: (i) One possible waste product of a nuclear reactor is the nuclide caesium-137...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.10a: Monochromatic light is incident on a metal surface and electrons are emitted instantaneously from...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.10b: The wavelength of the incident light in (a) is 420 nm and the work function of the metal is...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: The isotope bismuth-212 undergoes α-decay to an isotope of thallium. In this decay a gamma-ray...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: The isotope potassium-40 occurs naturally in many rock formations. In a particular sample of rock...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: A nuclide of the isotope potassium-40 \(\left( {{}_{19}^{40}{\rm{K}}} \right)\) decays into a...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.6b: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3×109yr. In a particular rock sample it is found that 85 % of...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.7: This question is about neutrinos. The spectrum of electron energies emitted in a typical β-decay...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.10f: The alpha particles and gamma rays produced in radioactive decay have discrete energy spectra....
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: Monochromatic light of different frequencies is incident on a metal surface placed in a vacuum....
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The graph shows how the maximum kinetic energy EK of the ejected electrons in (a) varies with the...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Show that electrons of energy 0.50 eV have a de Broglie wavelength of about 1.7×10–9m.
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Overall about 10% of a sample of K-40 will decay to argon. In a particular rock sample it is...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.23c: In a deep inelastic scattering experiment, protons of momentum 2.70 ×10–18 N s are scattered by...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.23d: Outline how deep inelastic scattering experiments led to the conclusion that gluons exist.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.28: The diagram below shows a circuit involving a photoelectric cell. When UV light is shone onto the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Electrons are accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. Their de Broglie wavelength...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.31: A proton is confined within a nucleus. What is the order of magnitude of the uncertainty in its...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Different nuclides spontaneously undergo radioactive decay, emitting either α, β or γ radiation....
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.33: The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 10 days. What is the percentage of the sample remaining...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10a: State what is meant by a wavefunction.  
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10b: State the position near which this electron is most likely to be found.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10c: Calculate the momentum of the electron.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10d: The energy, in joules, of the electron in a hydrogen atom, is given by...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10e: The electron stays in the first excited state of hydrogen for a time of...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.4: This question is about the photoelectric effect. In an experiment to investigate the...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: State the reaction for the decay of the I-124 nuclide.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: The graph below shows how the activity of a sample of iodine-124 changes with time. (i) State...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.26: Ultra-violet light is shone on a zinc surface and photoelectrons are emitted. The sketch graph...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.27: A beam of electrons is accelerated from rest through a potential difference \(V\). The de Broglie...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.31: In the Schrödinger model of the hydrogen atom, the probability of finding an electron in a small...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.32: The radii of nuclei can be estimated from experiments involving A.     the scattering of charged...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Light of frequency \(f\) is incident on a metal surface. The work function of the metal is...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.29: An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference \(V\). Which of the...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Which of the following is an assumption of the Schrödinger model of the hydrogen atom? A.   ...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.31: The square of the amplitude of the electron wave function in an hydrogen atom is a measure of...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A particle is accelerated from rest through a potential difference \(V\). Which of the following...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.33: Which of the following is a correct statement associated with the photoelectric effect? A.   ...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.30: The radii of nuclei may be determined by A.     scattering charged particles off the...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.31: In the photoelectric effect, the following observations may be made. I.     The kinetic energy...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A proton and an alpha particle have the same de Broglie wavelength. Which of the following is...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.B1Part2.b: A beam of electrons is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 85 V. Show that...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.B1Part2.c: Electrons with the same kinetic energy as those in (b) are incident on a circular aperture of...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.J3b: Use the conservation of lepton number and charge to deduce the nature of the particle x in the...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.J3c: State what is meant by deep inelastic scattering.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.B1a: (i)     Explain, with reference to the Einstein model of the photoelectric effect, the existence...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.B1b: (i)     Show that the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.B3b: (i)     Calculate the decay constant of Au-189. (ii)     Determine the activity of the sample...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which of the following...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.36: The graphs show the...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.37: Deviations from...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.38: Different...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.39: A pure...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.40: N...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.11a: An alpha particle with initial kinetic energy 32 MeV is directed head-on at a nucleus of gold-197...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.11b: The nucleus of \({}_{79}^{197}{\rm{Au}}\) is replaced by a nucleus of the isotope...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.11c: An alpha particle is confined within a nucleus of gold. Using the uncertainty principle, estimate...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Pair production by a photon occurs in the presence of a nucleus. For this process, which of...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.38: An electron of mass m has an uncertainty in its position r. What is the uncertainty in the speed...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.39: Which of the following, observed during a radioactive-decay experiment, provide evidence for the...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.4d: C-14 decay is used to estimate the age of an old dead tree. The activity of C-14 in the dead tree...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.11a: A current is observed on the ammeter when violet light illuminates C. With V held constant the...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.11b: The graph shows the variation of photoelectric current I with potential difference V between C...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.37: The diameter of a silver-108 (\({}_{47}^{108}Ag\)) nucleus is approximately three times that of...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What can be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.39: A photon of energy E and wavelength λ is scattered from an electron initially at rest. What is...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.40: Electron capture can be represented by the equation p + e– → X + Y. What are X and Y?
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9a: Explain how each observation provides support for the particle theory but not the wave theory of...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.i: Determine a value for Planck’s constant.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.ii: State what is meant by the work function of a metal.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.iii: Calculate the work function of barium in eV.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9c: The experiment is repeated with a metal surface of cadmium, which has a greater work function....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.37: When monochromatic light is incident on a metallic surface, electrons are emitted from the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.38: In the Bohr model for hydrogen an electron in the ground state has orbit radius r and speed v. In...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.39: A neutron of mass m is confined within a nucleus of diameter d. Ignoring numerical...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.40: A radioactive element has decay constant \(\lambda \) (expressed in s–1). The number of nuclei of...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.5b.i: Deduce that the activity of the radium-226 is almost constant during the experiment.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.5b.ii: Show that about 3 x 1015 alpha particles are emitted by the radium-226 in 6 days.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7a.i: Calculate the wavelength of the light.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7a.ii: Electrons emitted from the surface of the photocell have almost no kinetic energy. Explain why...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7b: Radiation of photon energy 5.2 x 10–19 J is now incident on the photocell. Calculate the maximum...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c.i: Describe the change in the number of photons per second incident on the surface of the photocell.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c.ii: State and explain the effect on the maximum photoelectric current as a result of increasing the...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.23: Samples of different radioactive nuclides have equal numbers of nuclei. Which graph shows...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.39: Monochromatic electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metal surface. The kinetic energy of...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.40: A photon interacts with a nearby nucleus to produce an electron. What is the name of this...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.3b.i: Outline how these experiments are carried out.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.3b.ii: Outline why the particles must be accelerated to high energies in scattering experiments.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.3d.ii: Plot the position of magnesium-24 on the graph.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.3d.iii: Draw a line on the graph, to show the variation of nuclear radius with nucleon number.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.37: Two radioactive nuclides, X and Y, have half-lives of 50 s and 100 s respectively. At time t = 0...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.38: According to the Bohr model for hydrogen, visible light is emitted when electrons make...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.39: A particle of fixed energy is close to a potential barrier. Which changes to the width of the...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.40: Alpha particles with energy E are directed at nuclei with atomic number Z. Small deviations from...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.6b.iii: Beryllium-10 is used to investigate ice samples from Antarctica. A sample of ice initially...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: Show that the energy of photons from the UV lamp is about 10 eV.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.i: Calculate, in J, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.ii: Suggest, with reference to conservation of energy, how the variable voltage source can be used to...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.iii: The variable voltage can be adjusted so that no electrons reach the collecting plate. Write down...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.37: A photoelectric cell is connected in series with a battery of emf 2 V. Photons of energy 6 eV are...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.38: Which of the following is evidence for the wave nature of the electron? A.     Continuous energy...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.39: An electron of initial energy E tunnels through a potential barrier. What is the energy of...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.40: Two samples X and Y of different radioactive isotopes have the same initial activity. Sample X...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9b: Bohr modified the Rutherford model by introducing the condition mvr = n\(\frac{h}{{2\pi...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9c.ii: Using the answer in (b) and (c)(i), deduce that the radius r of the electron’s orbit in the...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9c.iii: Calculate the electron’s orbital radius in (c)(ii).
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9d.i: Explain what may be deduced about the energy of the electron in the β– decay.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9d.iii: Calculate the wavelength of the gamma ray photon in (d)(ii).