DP Biology Questionbank

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Sub sections and their related questions

Topic 1: Cell biology

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.2: What structures are part of an Escherichia coli cell?A. Ribosomes, nucleoid and Golgi apparatusB....
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.3: A botanist measures a leaf and finds it is 24 cm long and 8 cm wide. His drawing of the leaf is 4...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.4: What is the structure labeled X in the electron micrograph of a rat liver cell? [Source: “0315...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.6: Which events occur during both mitosis and meiosis?A. Production of haploid cells from diploid...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.2: Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms?A. Response, homeostasis,...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.3: Which sequence shows increasing relative size?
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.4: What is a function of the plant cell wall?A. Formation of vesicles for transport of large...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.5: Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?A. They have more genes than unicellular...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.6: What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.7: What is osmosis?A. The movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: Outline the cell theory
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.2b (i): Annotate the electron micrograph of the Escherichia coli cell with the function of the structures...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.2b (ii): Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph. 
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Outline the role of proteins in active and passive transport of molecules through membranes.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.3a: Outline the cell theory.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.3b (i): Annotate the electron micrograph of the Escherichia coli cell with the function of the indicated...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.3b (ii): Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: Following germination of seeds, plants undergo a rapid increase in the number of cells. Describe...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: Draw a labelled diagram of a prokaryotic cell.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: Cell membranes separate aqueous environments in cells. Explain how the properties of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.1: What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? A. It decreases, so...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.2: What is a function of the plant cell wall? A. Formation of vesicles for transport of large...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.3: What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.4: What is an example of binary fission? A. Cell division in prokaryotesB. Production of haploid...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.6: Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used? A. Outside the cell after secretionB....
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the plasma membrane.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.2b: Outline the endosymbiotic theory.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: The diagram shows some of the later stages in the origin of eukaryotic cells according to the...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.3: Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.4: During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease? A. Interphase B....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.5: What is the function of structure X? A. Active transport B. Attachment C. Binary fission D....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.3: Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.4: During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease? A. Interphase B....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.5: What describes nuclear division in stem cells? A. Clonal selection B. Mitosis C....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.6: Which molecule is labelled X? A. Cholesterol B. Glycoprotein C. Phospholipid D. Amylase
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: Calculate the magnification of the bacterium.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: State the method that bacteria use to divide.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the stages of the cell cycle.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Describe the process of endocytosis.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.2a(i): Calculate the magnification of the image.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.2a(ii): Deduce the stage of mitosis shown in the micrograph.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.2a(iii): The onion (Allium cepa) is an angiospermophyte. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an arthropod....
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6c: Describe the process of endocytosis.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Discuss the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.2a (i): State the name of organelle A.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.2a (ii): State the process occurring at B.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.2b: Describe how the structure of the membrane allows the formation of vesicles.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Draw a labelled diagram of a prokaryotic cell.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Describe four different types of transport of substances across a membrane.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.2: Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.3: The diatom Didymosphenia geminata is a species of single-celled alga that lives in warm, shallow...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.4: In the electron micrograph of a rat liver cell below, what are the structures labelled X and...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.5: Which phase of mitosis is shown in the photomicrograph? A. AnaphaseB. MetaphaseC. ProphaseD....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.2: What are stem cells? A. Specialized cells that can be used therapeuticallyB. Surplus cells taken...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.3: What causes cells to differentiate? A. Sufficient nutritionB. Full expression of all genesC....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.4: What features of a cell favour efficient removal of waste products?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.5: What actions occur during interphase? A. DNA replication and RNA synthesisB. Spindle formation...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.30: In the electron photomicrographs which organelle is involved in vesicle formation?  
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.2a (i): State the name of organelle A.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.2a (ii): State the process occurring at B.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.2b: Describe how the structure of the membrane allows the formation of vesicles.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.2c: Explain active transport across membranes.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: State three processes occurring in a cell during interphase of the cell cycle but not  in...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio as a limit to cell size.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: State the functions of the following organelles of a eukaryotic animal cell: lysosome, Golgi...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.5: Which of the following processes take place during interphase in animal cells? I. Spindle...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.6: Which are functions of membrane proteins?A. Hormone binding sites and DNA replicationB. Cell...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: (i) Label structures I, II, III and IV. I. II. III. IV.   (ii) State one function of...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: Explain how materials are transported within a cell between structures X and Y.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: (i)  State the technique used to collect cells for pre-natal...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.2a: Analyse this karyotype.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the molecular structure of a membrane.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the molecular structure of a membrane.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Draw a labelled diagram of Escherichia coli as an example of a prokaryote.
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.2: Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms?
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.4: What happens to the surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? A. It decreases. B. It...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.8: What are characteristics of eukaryotic cells?  
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.9: Which movement occurs by osmosis? A. Oxygen from alveoli into the bloodB. Water from a leaf into...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.4: Which structure is found in E. coli, but not in a eukaryotic cell? A. Cell wallB. Endoplasmic...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.6: Which process contributes to growth of a multicellular body? A. ExocytosisB. MeiosisC. MitosisD....
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.7: What are the parts of the cell membrane indicated in the diagram?
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.13a: State when the total volume of OB neurons is the greatest.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Compare the total synapse density of neurons in the outer and inner OB layers.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.13c: Evaluate, using the data in the bar charts, the hypothesis that aging involves loss of brain cells.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.13d: Suggest the implications of the data for humans.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.2: A red blood cell is 8 μm in diameter. If drawn 100 times larger than its actual size, what...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.3: An unknown cell is observed using a microscope. A cell wall, ribosomes and DNA are identified....
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.4: Which pair of features is correct for both diffusion and osmosis?
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.5: The diagram below shows a cell during mitosis. What are the structures and stage of mitosis?
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Outline the various stages of the cell cycle.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.3: Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.2: Which of the following will contribute to the cell theory? I. Living organisms are composed of...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.3: A red blood cell is 8 μm in diameter. If drawn 100 times larger than its actual size, what...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.4: A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What do diffusion and osmosis have in common? A. They only happen in living cells. B. They...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.2: Which of the following characteristics found in a structure necessarily indicates that it is...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.3: Which of the following does not occur during interphase? A. Replication B. Translation C....
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.4: Which pair of features is correct for both a human liver cell and an Escherichia coli cell?
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.6: If a mitochondrion has a length of 5 µm and a student’s drawing of the mitochondrion is 10 mm,...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.7: A number of different proteins are involved in nerve function. Which of the following does not...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: The spontaneous origin of life on Earth is thought to have involved the non-living synthesis of...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.11c: Outline the role of prokaryotes in the development of an oxygen-rich atmosphere on the Earth.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.11b: Outline the contribution of prokaryotes to the creation of an oxygen-rich atmosphere.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Describe the characteristics of stem cells that make them potentially useful in medicine.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.2: Which functions are carried out by all unicellular organisms?
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.3: Which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use? A. They can divide by meiosis to...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.4: Which features are present in prokaryotic cells? A. DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria B....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.5: Which process is possible due to the fluidity of cell membranes? A. Endocytosis B. Osmosis C....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.2: How do cells in multicellular organisms differentiate? A. Some cell types divide by mitosis more...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.3: What is an example of the therapeutic use of stem cells? A. Sequencing the human genome B....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.4: The diagram shows the structure of a bacterium. What is the structure labelled X? A. Pilus B....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.5: What is the approximate thickness of the plasma membrane of a cell? A. 10 nm B. 50 nm C. 10...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.2: How do cells in multicellular organisms differentiate? A. Some cell types divide by mitosis more...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.3: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? A. Transport of lipids B. Synthesis of polypeptides...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.4: Which structure is present in a prokaryotic cell? A. Plasma membrane B. 80S ribosome C. Nucleus...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.5: What is the approximate thickness of the plasma membrane of a cell? A. 10 nm B. 50 nm C. 10 µm...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.2: Which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use? A. They can divide by meiosis to...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.3: Which features are present in prokaryotic cells? A. DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria B....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Where in the cell do condensation reactions involving amino acids occur? A. Nucleus B. Golgi...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.5: Which process is possible due to the fluidity of cell membranes? A. Endocytosis B. Osmosis C....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.6: In which stage of mitosis is the cell labelled X? A. Anaphase B. Interphase C. Metaphase D....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.14: If there are 16 chromosomes in a cell that is about to divide, what will be the number of...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: State two differences in structure between plant and animal cells.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.2b: Outline how molecules move across a membrane by simple diffusion.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.2c: Explain the role of protein pumps in active transport.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: Describe the characteristics of stem cells that make them potentially useful in medicine.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.2a (i): State the mode of transport if water moves into the cell.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.2a (ii): State the mode of transport if sodium ions move into the cell.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.2b: Explain facilitated diffusion.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.2c: State the name of the structures formed within a cell by endocytosis.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1i (iii): Region A inserts into the membrane. Deduce, with a reason, the nature of the amino acids that...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.3a (i): Identify the structure labelled I and state one function of this structure.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.3a (iii): Explain the evidence from the electron micrograph that indicates that liver cells are very active.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Draw a labelled diagram showing the ultra-structure of a liver cell.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Distinguish between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.3: How does the surface area to volume ratio change with an increase in cell size?
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.4: How do prokaryotic cells divide? A. By mitosis B. By meiosis C. By budding D. By binary fission
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.6: During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes duplicate? A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. Mitosis
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: The electron micrograph below shows an E. coli cell. Identify the structures labelled A and B...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.2b: Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a membrane.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Outline how vesicles are used to transport materials secreted by a cell.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: State the property of stem cells that makes them useful in medical treatment.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.2b: Explain how multicellular organisms develop specialized tissues.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.3a: Explain how materials are moved across membranes of cells by active transport.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.7a: Draw a labelled diagram showing the ultrastructure of a typical prokaryote.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.4: In the diagram what does label X identify? A. Nucleoid regionB. ChromatinC. HistonesD....
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.5: What is a difference between a cell in the G1 phase and a cell in the G2 phase of the cell...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.35: Which of the following is not a function performed by a membrane protein? A. Hormone binding...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.6: What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.7: Which of these processes require mitosis? A. Embryological development B. Reducing surface area...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.2: Which of the following structures are found in all cells? A. MitochondriaB. Cell wallsC....
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.6: The diagram below shows a plasma membrane. What is molecule X? A. CholesterolB. Peripheral...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: Outline, with an example, the process of exocytosis.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2a (i): Calculate the power of magnification of the image.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2a (ii): State the diameter of the pore labelled X.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2b: List two examples of how human life depends on mitosis.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2c: Describe the importance of stem cells in differentiation.
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.2: Which functions of life are found in unicellular organisms? A. growth, response and nutrition B....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.3: Which statement is part of the cell theory? A. Cells are composed of organic molecules. B. Cells...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Which of the following are features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.5: What route is used to export proteins from the cell? A. Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.6: Which events occur during the G1 phase and S phase of the cell cycle?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.2: In a cell, what is the effect of a large surface area to volume ratio? A. Slower rate of...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.3: How can cells in a multicellular organism differentiate? A. They express some of their genes but...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.4: The diagram below shows a bacterium. What structure does the part labelled X identify? A....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.5: What do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do not? A. Mitochondria B. 70S ribosomes C....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.6: What happens during the G2 stage of interphase? A. Homologous chromosomes pair B. Synthesis of...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.5c: Describe the events that occur during mitosis.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.2c: Describe the movement of water across membranes.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.7a: Compare simple diffusion with facilitated diffusion as mechanisms to transport solutes across...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Describe the process of endocytosis.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.5: Which of the following take(s) place during interphase and mitosis in animal cells? I....
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.4: What is the function of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane of this bacterium? A. To produce ADP...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.2: If a Sequoia sempervirens tree is 100 m tall and a drawing of it is 100 mm tall, what is the...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.3: Which of the following structures does Escherichia coli have? I. RibosomesII. PiliIII....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.4: What feature do plant cells have but not animal cells?A. Plasma membranesB. MitochondriaC. Cell...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.5: Cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. To release...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.6: During which stage of the cell cycle are the numbers of mitochondria increased in a cell?A....
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain passive transport and active transport across membranes.
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.3: What is the principal mode of division for the prokaryote Escherichia coli   ? A. Endocytosis B....
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.4: Where can 70S ribosomes be found? A. On membranes of the Golgi apparatus B. In prokaryotic cells...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.9: Why do crop plants dry out when a field is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water? A....
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the ultrastructure of a prokaryote.
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.2: What is proportional to a cell’s surface area? A. Rate of exchange of materialsB. Rate of heat...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.3: Which is a difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.4: The following events occur in mitosis. X:  Attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres ...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: All of these organisms belong to the animal kingdom. State two structural differences between...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3a (i): State the name of each phase shown, recording whether each phase has taken place at an early or...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3a (ii): Outline the events occurring in phase A.
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: State what results when there is an uncontrolled division of cells in living organisms.
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: DNA in chromosomes undergoes replication before mitosis. Outline how complementary base pairing...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.12b: Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.2: What is happening at the structure labelled X? A. Synthesis of proteins B. Transport of proteins...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.3: What is the structure labelled Y? A. Nucleus B. Starch grain C. Lysosome D. Mitochondrion
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.5: Which process requires channel proteins? A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Binding...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.6: What feature of cell membranes allows endocytosis to occur? A. Fluidity of phospholipid bilayer...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: State the stage of mitosis typified by image II.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: List two processes that involve mitosis.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.2c: State the process that results in tumour (cancer) formation or development.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: List two functions of membrane proteins.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli as an example of a prokaryote.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.7b: Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis in animals.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: State how many amino acids are in the same position in the E. coli (Fe), E. coli (Mn) and the...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: State the amino acids which are present in the same position in at least one bacterial dismutase...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Compare the E. coli (Mn) and the mitochondrial dismutases.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10e: The sequences of the two bacterial dismutases and the mitochondrial dismutase show a high degree...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the fluid mosaic structure of a plasma membrane, indicating the...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across plasma membranes, using...
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.4b: Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across plasma membranes, using...
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.2c: Outline two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: State how many amino acids are in the same position in the E. coli (Fe), E. coli (Mn) and the...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: State the amino acids which are present in the same position in at least one bacterial dismutase...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Compare the E. coli (Mn) and the mitochondrial dismutases.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1e: The sequences of the two bacterial dismutases and the mitochondrial dismutase show a high degree...
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.11b: Outline two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.4: Which substance is used for structure in plants? A. AmylopectinB. CelluloseC. CollagenD....
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.13: What is the process shown in this image? A. Binary fission of a prokaryotic cellB. Telophase...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.14: What can be deduced about a striated muscle fibre from both of these statements? A. It is...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.15: The diagram is a model of one type of movement across a membrane. What is this type of...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.9: What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.12: The statement relates to Pasteur’s experiments. What did this statement suggest? A. Mold...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Draw a labelled diagram that shows the positions of proteins within the cell membrane.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.6b: Outline the effects of putting plant tissue in a hypertonic solution.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of a eukaryotic plant cell as seen in an electron micrograph.
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.1a: Solutions of ions, for example NaCl dissolved in water, can be used to investigate the...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.1b: Ions move across the plasma membrane of a neuron during an action potential. The oscilloscope...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.1: Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.2: Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease? A. They...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.3: The cell membrane model proposed by Davson–Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.4: What provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A. Mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotic cellsB....
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.5: Which mitotic phase is labelled X in the micrograph of an onion (Allium cepa) root tip? A....
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.4: The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: The image is an electron micrograph. Determine, with a reason, whether the image is of a...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: (i) State the process that divides one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei. (ii)...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.2b: Explain how the cell cycle is controlled.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: State from which organ the section was taken.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: Identify the layer of tissue found at X.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.2d: One of the functions of this organ is absorption. On the micrograph, draw an arrow showing the...
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.3b: Suggest reasons for different amounts of sucrose in the leaf phloem sap of the potato plants.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.2: Which evidence falsifies the Davson–Danielli model? I. The presence of globular proteins within...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.2: The following electron micrograph shows part of a palisade mesophyll cell. Which of the labelled...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.4: The diagram shows the concentration of four cyclins during the cell cycle. Which curve represents...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.3: Which organism has DNA located in three organelles? A. A sponge B. A fern C. A flatworm D. A...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane? A. Golgi...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.5: When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: Pictured below are Louis Pasteur’s original drawings of swan-necked flasks. Describe how...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2b.i: State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by: cilia.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2b.ii: State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by: the contractile vacuole. 
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2c: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of adult stem cells.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: Outline four different functions of membrane proteins.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.1: The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.2: The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells. What is the name of the structure...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.3: What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells? A. It increases body fat. B. It controls...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.4: What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A. RNA can catalyse metabolic reactions. B....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.5: The graph shows the survival probabilities for current smokers and for those who never smoked...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.3: The image shows an electron micrograph of pancreatic exocrine cells. What is the role of the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.4: What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A. RNA can catalyse metabolic reactions. B....
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.2b.i: State the principal product of this cell.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.2b.ii: Using the table, identify the organelles labelled I and II on the electron micrograph with their...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.3a: Outline the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to treat Stargardt’s disease.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3b: Define osmolarity. 
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3c: Deduce, with a reason, which red blood cell has been placed in a hypertonic solution.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3d: State what change there has been in the cell surface area to volume ratio in red blood cell 1.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Cells go through a repeating cycle of events in growth regions such as plant root tips and animal...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.01: Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.02: What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or a...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.03: The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.04: In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.05: In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form?
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.13: What occurs during meiosis but not mitosis? A. Spindles are formed from microtubules. B....
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.14: Which diagram(s) represent(s) processes used in asexual reproduction? A. I only B. I and II...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.24: Dialysis membrane was set up to model digestion and absorption in the small intestine. What is...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.02a: State a reason for using an electron microscope to view this virus rather than a light microscope.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.06a: Describe the origin of eukaryotic cells according to the endosymbiotic theory.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.i: Analyse the graph to obtain two conclusions about the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps.    
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.ii: Muscle fibres are stimulated to contract by the binding of acetylcholine to receptors in their...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.06a: Cell biologists play an important role in research into disease, fertility, evolution and many...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.03a: Identify the vein by labelling it with the letter V.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.02b.i: Calculate the actual size of the seminiferous tubule in the area indicated by the line across it,...
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.02b.ii: Identify the type of cell labelled Z.
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.01: Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.02: The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding...

Topic 2: Molecular biology

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.6: What property of water makes it suitable as a coolant?A. It takes a lot of energy to increase the...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.8: Which sugars are examples of a monosaccharide and disaccharide?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.9: Why does exposure to high temperatures cause an enzyme to lose its biological properties?A. The...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.1: Which molecule is a polysaccharide?A. CelluloseB. FructoseC. MaltoseD. Sucrose
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.2: The image shows a DNA nucleotide. Which correctly identifies the parts labelled I and II?
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.3: Which sequence shows increasing relative size?
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.8: What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms?A. calcium, phosphorus, iron...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.9: The image shows the structural formula of a molecule. What is this molecule?A. Amino acidB....
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.10: How can the activity of a human amylase enzyme be increased during a laboratory experiment?A....
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.11: How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen producedII. By the...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Describe the genetic code and its relationship to polypeptides and proteins.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Many cell functions, like synthesis of macromolecules and transport, require energy in the form...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.3c (i): Explain the role of the following enzymes in DNA replication.Helicase
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7b: Draw an annotated graph of the effects of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: Milk contains lactose which some people can digest but some cannot. State what type of sugar...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.2b: Milk contains lactose which some people can digest but some cannot. State a function of lactose.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.2c: Milk contains lactose which some people can digest but some cannot. Explain the production of...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: Distinguish between absorption of red, green and blue light by chlorophyll.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.4b (i): Draw a graph to show the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.4b (ii): Explain one way of directly measuring the rate of photosynthesis.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.8b: List three limiting factors of photosynthesis.
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.5: What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms? A. calcium, phosphorus,...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.6: Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used? A. Outside the cell after secretionB....
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.7: What is a consequence of the specific heat capacity for liquid water, ice and water vapour? A....
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.9: Which model represents transcription?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.10: Which sequence represents the order of events in protein synthesis?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.11: Which is the activation energy of a reaction when it is catalysed by an enzyme?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.12: How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen produced  II. By the...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.13: What happens during glycolysis for one molecule of glucose? A. Two pyruvates are formed.B. There...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.14: What happens in both respiration and photosynthesis? A. Triose phosphates are decarboxylated.B....
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.2a (ii): Explain the production of lactose-free milk.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7c:  Outline two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: Describe the pattern of CO2 uptake in the control plants.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: Outline the effect of increased carbon dioxide concentration on CO2 uptake.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.7c: Discuss how CO2 uptake in this investigation may be affected by other limiting factors.
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.6: Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? I. Carbohydrate II. Protein III. Fat A. I...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.7: Which molecule can be hydrolyzed? A. Glycerol B. Maltose C. Fructose D. Galactose
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.8: Which type of bond is identified by the arrow? A. Phosphate B. Hydrogen C. Covalent D. Peptide
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.9: What is required to replicate DNA? A. Temperature of 37 °C B. Free nucleotides carrying A, C, G...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.10: How is the information in the genetic code used? A. To predict the genotype of gametes B. To...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.11: What describes anaerobic cell respiration? A. Glucose break down to pyruvate B. Carbon dioxide...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.7: Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? I. Carbohydrate II. Protein III. Fat A. I...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.8: What is decreased when lactase is added to milk? A. Sweetness B. Disaccharides C. Calcium D....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.9: What is required to replicate DNA? A. Temperature of 37 °C B. Free nucleotides carrying A, C, G...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.8: What are these molecules?
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1a: Identify the most frequent fork length for O. nerka caught during autumn 2008 and winter...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1b: Distinguish between the fork lengths of O. nerka in autumn 2008 and winter 2009.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Suggest a reason for the variation in fork length of ocean age one O. nerka.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1d(i): Compare the protein content for O. nerka caught during autumn 2008 and winter 2009.  
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1d(ii): Outline the difficulty in predicting the age of O. nerka from fork length.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1e: Using the data, suggest one reason for the relationship between protein content and fork length.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1f(i): Compare the results shown in the table for monkfish and shark.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1f(ii): Suggest additional information that would be helpful in evaluating these data.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: State which type of fish shows the most variation.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3c(iii): Deduce the percentage of adenine in Oryza sativa if the proportion of guanine in that organism is...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: List two examples of polysaccharides.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a labelled diagram of a section of DNA showing four nucleotides.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Explain the process of translation in cells.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Outline the production of a dipeptide by a condensation reaction, showing the structure of a...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.7c: Describe the importance of water to living organisms.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.4a: Define the active site of an enzyme.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.4b: Explain how the active site promotes enzyme–substrate specificity.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: Outline possible effects of acids on enzyme activity.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline transcription in prokaryotes.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.7a: Describe four properties of water that are due to hydrogen bonding and polarity.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.6: Which molecules are monosaccharides? A. starch, glycogen, celluloseB. sucrose, maltose,...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.7: The base sequence of a fragment of DNA is:ACC GTG CAG GAT What is the base sequence on the...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.8: Which graph shows the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.9: What is produced when the enzyme lactase is added to milk? A. Glucose and galactoseB. LactoseC....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.10: In cell respiration, what is the name of the process where glucose is broken down into...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.14: Organisms can be genetically modified to produce the human blood clotting factor IX. What...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A channel protein is used to transport ions across a membrane. What would you expect to find...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.6: Which molecules show a monosaccharide and a fatty acid?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.7: What is formed from glucose during anaerobic cell respiration? A. Lactate and ATP in cytoplasmB....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.8: Which carbohydrates are used to provide energy storage in plants and animals?  
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.9: What is the relationship between enzymes and DNA? A. Enzymes contain the code for DNA.B. Enzymes...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.10: For what purpose is the enzyme lactase useful? A. Production of lactose-free milk so that more...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: Describe the properties of water that make it a useful component of blood.  
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: Outline the difference in absorption of red, blue and green light by chlorophyll.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Explain the effect of changes of pH, substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme activity.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration in eukaryotes.  
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.7: Which types of molecule are shown in the diagrams?
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.8: What is correct for the DNA double helix?  
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.9: This reaction is a step in anaerobic cell respiration in a yeast cell. What are the products...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.9: In enzyme experiments, the rate of enzyme activity often gradually decreases. What is most likely...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.11: A base substitution in a gene has changed a codon. Which of these consequences could result from...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.8: Which are functions of lipids?A. Hydrophilic solvent and energy storageB. Hydrophobic solvent and...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.10: What is light energy used for in photolysis?A. Formation of hydrogen and oxygenB. Formation of...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Draw a labelled diagram of the structure of DNA, showing the arrangement of subunits.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Explain DNA replication.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: Describe how the rate of photosynthesis can be measured.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Some proteins in membranes act as enzymes. Outline enzyme-substrate specificity.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: The graph shows the absorption spectrum for two types of chlorophyll. (i) Sketch on the graph,...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Water is essential to life on Earth. Outline two properties of water that are important for...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.8a: Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between amino acids and...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.5: Water shows strong cohesive properties.  Which of the following can occur because of the cohesive...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.7: What process occurs when fatty acids combine with glycerol to make a triglyceride? A....
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.10: What links the pairs of complementary bases in a DNA double helix? A. Covalent bondsB. Hydrogen...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.12: What substance is produced from glucose during anaerobic respiration in all organisms? A. Carbon...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.13: What is the source of the oxygen released into the atmosphere in photosynthesis? A. Glucose B....
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.8: What property makes water an important coolant in the natural world? A. It is cohesive.B. It...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.10: What contributes to the structure of an enzyme? A. Sequence of bases linked by hydrogen bondsB....
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.12: How does chlorophyll respond to the red, green and blue wavelengths in white light?
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.8a: Transport is the function of the protein known as hemoglobin. State the name and function of...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.8b: Explain the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways.
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: Outline the molecular structure of different types of fatty acids.
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.8a.i: Other than acting as catalysts state three functions of proteins, giving an example of each.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.6: Which statement about water is correct? A. The atoms within a molecule of water are held...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.7: Which type of molecule is shown in the diagram below? A. PeptideB. CarbohydrateC. LipidD....
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.8: The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30 %. What is the percentage...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.9: Which of the following are involved in both replication and transcription? A. DNA only B. DNA...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.10: What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis? A....
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.2a (i): Identify the chemical group labelled I.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.2a (ii): State the type of bond labelled II.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Outline the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on the activity of enzymes.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.7: Which of the following are connected by hydrogen bonds? A. Hydrogen to oxygen within a molecule...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.8: The graph below shows the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. What conclusion...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30 %. What is the percentage...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.11: What is denaturation? A. A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.12: How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration? A. They store it in molecules of...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.13: What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis? A....
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.5: What property of water makes it a good evaporative coolant? A. High latent heat of evaporation ...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.8: What is the difference between galactose and lactose? A. Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.11: Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.12: Which type of light is least useful for photosynthesis in terrestrial plants? A. Blue B. Green...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.14: How many molecules of water are required to completely hydrolyse a polypeptide made up of 23...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.28: Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration? A. Changes in the volume...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.30: Which variable has the least effect on enzyme activity? A. Temperature B. Light intensity C. pH...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.2c: Amino acid polarity is an important factor in determining the functions of proteins. Explain the...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.13a: State which activity takes up least of the overall time budget of the guillemots.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the activity of guillemots at sea.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.13d: Suggest two reasons, other than breeding, why birds spend more time at the colony than any other...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: Identify the optimum temperature for photosynthesis in this plant.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Determine the difference between gross photosynthesis and net photosynthesis at 40°C and...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.7c: Deduce what happens to the rate of respiration as the temperature increases between 40°C and 50°C.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.7d (i): Describe the general pattern of change in photosynthesis in sweet orange as the temperature...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.7d (ii): Compare the effect of temperature on photosynthesis with the effect of temperature on respiration...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: Outline the relationship between body mass and LCTw for male dolphins.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: Suggest one reason for the high LCTw measured for the female dolphin.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.2a: DNA replication involves a number of enzymes including DNA polymerase. Identify one other enzyme...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: Outline, with examples, the types of carbohydrate found in living organisms.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: Describe the importance of hydrolysis in digestion.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: Explain the role of limiting factors in photosynthesis.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: List the general functions of non-membrane proteins.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Outline how three properties of water enhance its use by living organisms.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.6: Which statements correctly explain properties of water? I. Water is a useful medium for...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.7: Which sugars are both disaccharides? A. maltose and lactose B. lactose and fructose C. fructose...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.8: What occurs during DNA replication? A. DNA polymerase separates the two DNA strands. B. DNA...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.9: Which graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on enzyme activity?
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.10: How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. Water molecules are split with energy from ATP....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.7: The diagrams show three representations of the structure of the same chemical substance. What...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.8: What type of bond is labelled X? A. Ionic B. Peptide C. Covalent D. Hydrogen
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.9: The diagram shows the translation of a mRNA molecule. A tRNA molecule with anticodon CAG...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.6: The diagrams show three representations of the structure of the same chemical substance. What...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.9: What is formed during transcription? A. RNA strand complementary to DNA strand, formed by RNA...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.10: How does an increase in temperature affect enzyme activity?
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.11: What are the effects of changing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? I....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Where in the cell do condensation reactions involving amino acids occur? A. Nucleus B. Golgi...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.7: Between which atoms do hydrogen bonds form in water? A. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the same...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.8: Which carbon compound produced by living organisms is inorganic? A. DNA B. Cellulose C. Glucose...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.9: What occurs during DNA replication? A. DNA polymerase separates the two DNA strands. B. DNA...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.11: Which chemical is produced during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? A. Carbon...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.12: How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. Water molecules are split with energy from ATP....
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: The diagram below represents a DNA nucleotide. Identify the phosphate group and...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Draw a labelled diagram to show how four nucleotides are joined together to form a...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: State two differences between RNA and DNA nucleotides.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: Outline, with examples, the types of carbohydrate found in living organisms.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Describe the importance of hydrolysis in digestion.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Draw a labelled diagram of the molecular structure of DNA including at least four nucleotides.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Discuss the relationship between one gene and one polypeptide.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.2a: List two possible variants in the molecular structure of unsaturated fatty acids.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Outline how enzymes catalyse reactions.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.2a: Draw a labelled diagram showing two different complementary pairs of nucleotides in a molecule of...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: Explain the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain prokaryotic DNA replication.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.7: Which diagram represents the polarity of a water molecule?
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.8: In the model of the DNA molecule shown below, which arrows point to covalent bonds?   A. I,...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.9: What happens during the pathway of glycolysis? A. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate. B....
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.10: What is light energy used for during photosynthesis? A. To produce carbon dioxide B. To produce...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Which of the following graphs represents the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: Define active site.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Explain enzyme-substrate specificity.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.7a: Draw a labelled diagram to show how two nucleotides are joined together in a single strand of DNA.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the process of translation.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Explain the effects of pH on enzyme catalysed reactions.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.3c: Distinguish between the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast and humans.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Outline how three different environmental conditions can affect the rate of photosynthesis in...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.6: Which of the following is true about a polar amino acid and cellulose? A. Both are...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.7: What conclusion can be drawn from examining the action spectrum for a green plant shown...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.9: Blood is a water-based transport medium.  Which property of water makes it a good transport...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.10: If 15 % of a sample of DNA is thymine, what percentage of the DNA is guanine? A. 15 %B. 30 %C....
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.11: On which molecule is a codon found? A. DNAB. mRNAC. tRNAD. rRNA
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.34: Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? A. They are used up in the reactions...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.36: Which chemical is shown in the diagram below? A. MonosaccharideB. TriglycerideC. Fatty acidD....
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.9: Which of these molecules is a disaccharide? A. Galactose B. Sucrose C. Cellulose D. Ribose
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.10: What is a codon? A. A sequence of nucleotides on rRNA that corresponds to an amino acid B. A...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.11: What happens as an enzyme becomes denatured? A. The enzyme works faster. B. The enzyme works...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.8: Which molecule is shown below? A. GlucoseB. GalactoseC. RiboseD. Sucrose
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.11: What is replicated by a semi-conservative process? A. Messenger RNA (mRNA) onlyB. Messenger RNA...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.14: Which of the following processes produces CO2? I. Glycolysis  II. Alcohol (ethanol)...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.28: Which of the following colours of light is absorbed the most by chlorophyll? A. BlueB. GreenC....
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.2a: Glucose and galactose are examples of monosaccharides. State one other example of a monosaccharide.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.2b (i): There are several different types of carbohydrate. State which type of carbohydrate lactose is.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.2b (ii): State the type of chemical reaction that occurs when lactose is digested into glucose and galactose.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.2d: Simple laboratory experiments show that when the enzyme lactase is mixed with lactose, the...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Draw a labelled diagram to show four DNA nucleotides, each with a different base, linked together...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1e: Describe, using the triglyceride levels graph, the results at Site 1 and Site 2 for all of the...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1f: Explain the differences in the triglyceride level and butyrate level for the hermit thrush at...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1g: Scientists have hypothesized that the food quality is better at Site 1 than at Site 2. Evaluate...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1h: Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage for blood sampling rather than weighing birds to...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.3a: Outline the bonding between DNA nucleotides.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.3b: Explain how chemical bonding between water molecules makes water a valuable coolant in living...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.3c: State a word equation for anaerobic cell respiration in humans.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins with reference to one example of each protein...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.7: Which substance in prokaryotes contains sulfur? A. DNA B. Phospholipids C. Proteins D. Antibiotics
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.8: Which describes these molecules correctly?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.9: What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation? A....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The diagram below shows a biochemical pathway in a yeast cell. Which of the following correctly...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.11: The following diagram shows a short stretch of DNA. What bases are indicated by labels Y and Z?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.12: A plant is exposed to increasing light intensity from very dim to bright light, while the carbon...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.7: What is a role of sulfur in living organisms? A. Formation of proteins B. Formation of...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.8: Which molecules form the nucleotide marked in the diagram? A. phosphate, deoxyribose and...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.9: Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of the leading strand? A. RNA polymerase B. Helicase C....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.10: Which of the following is a function of cellulose in plants? A. Storage of fat B. Formation of...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.11: Which of the following is the best definition of cell respiration? A. A process needed to use...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.12: The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the separation of the strands in DNA to form...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: Glucose and galactose are examples of monosaccharides. State one other example of a monosaccharide.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.2b (i): There are several different types of carbohydrate. State which type of carbohydrate lactose is.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.2b (ii): State the type of chemical reaction that occurs when lactose is digested into glucose and galactose.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.2d: Simple laboratory experiments show that when the enzyme lactase is mixed with lactose, the...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of helicase in DNA replication.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Explain how the base sequence of DNA is conserved during replication.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: Outline the bonding between DNA nucleotides.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.2b: Explain how chemical bonding between water molecules makes water a valuable coolant in living...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.2d: Outline the role of water in photosynthesis.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Outline the role of hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Describe the use of biotechnology in the production of lactose-free milk.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Explain the importance of enzymes to human digestion.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.8: The table below shows the codons that determine different amino acids in protein...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.10: Why is light important in photosynthesis? A. To produce ATP and split water molecules B. To...
• 10M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State two functions of proteins, giving a named example of each.
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.9a: List three functions of proteins, giving a named example of each.
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.7: Which of the following chemical elements are part of biochemical molecules in living organisms?A....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.8: Which of the following is an organic compound made by all plants?A. Carbon dioxideB. DNAC....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.9: Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.10: Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis. What is the source of this oxygen inside the plant?A....
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.6: The diagram below represents part of the DNA molecule. What are the parts labelled I, II and...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.7: What principle is necessary to prevent mutation of DNA during replication?A. Base pairing is...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.8: What happens during translation?A. Copying of DNA to produce DNAB. Copying of DNA to produce...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.9: Which equation shows a chemical reaction that occurs during anaerobic cell respiration?
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.5 b: Many people cannot digest lactose and benefit from a diet containing no lactose. Outline the...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.4: What is phosphorus used for in plant cells? A. Structure of hemoglobin B. Composition of...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.5: Which statement describes glycogen? A. It is a hormone involved in the control of blood glucose....
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.6: Which molecular structure correctly illustrates two amino acids linked by a peptide bond?
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.7: What substance is represented by this structure? A. Glycerol B. Fatty acid C. Cellulose D....
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.8: Which of the following statements is/are correct for DNA replication? I. It occurs during...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.9: Which of the following processes uses DNA ligase? A. Unwinding DNA B. Gene transfer using...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.12: What is involved during oxidation? A. The loss of electrons B. The gain of electrons C. The gain...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: State one role in living organisms for each of the following: sulfur, calcium, phosphorus and iron.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between fatty acids, glycerol...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Distinguish between ventilation, gas exchange and cell respiration.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Outline the process of aerobic respiration.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Respiration and other processes in cells involve enzymes. Explain the factors that can affect...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.1a: Measure the difference between the percentage of overweight men and the percentage of overweight...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.1b: State the range of the body mass index (BMI) that corresponds to overweight status.
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.1c: Compare the percentage of men and women who exercised daily.
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: State the percentage contribution of the different sources of energy at 36% VO2 max  in...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Using the data in the graph, describe the relationship between the intensity of exercise and the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Fat can only be used in aerobic respiration. Suggest reasons for the change in the percentage...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.8: What is a function of cellulose in plants? A. To form a mesh of fibres in the cell wall B. To...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.10: What does the structure labelled X represent? A. Hydrogen bond B. Phosphate C. Covalent bond D....
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.11: What does the structure labelled Y represent? A. Ribose B. Thymine C. Guanine D. Deoxyribose
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: State the surfactant that contains the least amount of phospholipids.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Compare the composition of natural human surfactant with synthetic surfactants.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Phospholipids found in the surfactants form a surface film on the moist lining of the alveoli....
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Using all the data provided, evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of proteins in surfactants...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: State the role of four named minerals needed by living organisms.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.7b: Explain the process of DNA replication.
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.5: Which structure represents a fatty acid?
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.6: Which points to the 3′ end of a strand of DNA? A. IB. IIC. IIID. IV
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.7: What type of bond does Z represent? A. Covalent bondB. Hydrogen bondC. Peptide bondD....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.8: What is the energy absorbed by chlorophyll used directly for in plants? I. To produce ATP  II....
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: DNA in chromosomes undergoes replication before mitosis. Outline how complementary base pairing...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in metabolic reactions involving...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: Metabolic reactions are catalysed by enzymes. Explain how enzymes catalyse reactions and how a...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.1b (i): Identify the mass above which a man whose height is 185 cm would be classified as obese.
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.9: The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule. What type of bond does X represent? A. Covalent...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.10: What will be the sequence on the mRNA molecule that is produced when the DNA base sequence...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.11: The diagram shows anaerobic respiration in yeast cells. What would be produced at X? A. ATP...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1e(i): Determine which gene produced the most mRNA on the first day of the submergence period for...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1e(ii): Outline the difference in mRNA production for the three genes during the submergence period for...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1e(iii): Compare the mRNA production for the three genes during the submergence period between the two...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1f: Deduce, using all the data, which gene was used to modify GMFC.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: Evaluate, using all the data, how modified varieties of rice could be used to overcome food...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.3d: Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: State four elements that are needed by living organisms, other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Outline how light energy is used and how organic molecules are made in photosynthesis.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: Explain the significance of complementary base pairing for replication, transcription and...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1c(i): Determine which gene produced the most mRNA on the first day of the submergence period for...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1c(ii): Outline the difference in mRNA production for the three genes during the submergence period for...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Using only this data, deduce which gene confers submersion resistance to rice plants.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: State four functions of proteins, giving a named example of each.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: State the type of bonds that (i) connect base pairs in a DNA molecule. (ii) link DNA...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.2b: Distinguish between DNA and RNA nucleotides by giving two differences in the chemical structure...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.2c: Explain the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain how the properties of water are significant to living organisms.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline anaerobic cell respiration in plant cells.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.7a: Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of water.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.1e: State the body mass index (BMI) below which a person is considered to be underweight.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.3: Outline the variation in the structure of fatty acids.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: Compare the rate of release of lactate with the rate of release of H+ in contracting muscles...
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Evaluate the hypothesis that acidosis in muscles is due entirely to H+ production as a result of...
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Predict the results if the data had been collected beyond 12 minutes.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.9b: Outline the role of oxygen in cellular respiration.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.1: Which molecule is a sugar?
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.2: Why is sweat a good coolant for the body? A. The arterioles that transfer water to sweat move...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.3: Which molecule is a polysaccharide? A. GlucagonB. GlucoseC. GlycerolD. Glycogen    
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.5: What usually distinguishes DNA from RNA?    
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.11: Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough? A. OxygenB. MethaneC. Carbon dioxideD....
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.3: Which is an effect of protein denaturation? A. The order of amino acids is changed when the...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.5: Research has shown that the genetic code is not entirely universal. Which research finding has...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.6: This is a sequence of nucleotides from a section of mRNA. AUGAAACGCACGCAG From which DNA...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.20: What is a feature of shorter wavelength visible radiation? A. It includes violet light.B. It has...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2a: (i) Using the nomogram, state the lower weight limit for a woman with the height...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2b: Draw the structure of a saturated fatty acid.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline the action of enzymes.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Explain the roles of specific enzymes in prokaryote DNA replication.
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.3a: (i) Distinguish between the thermal properties of water and methane. (ii) Explain the reasons...
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline the process of gas exchange necessary for aerobic respiration in a unicellular eukaryotic...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.2a: The density of the DNA band at generation 0 is 1.724 and the density of the dark band of DNA at...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.2b: Describe the nitrogen composition of the DNA band in the E. coli at generation 1.0.
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.2c: Explain the pattern shown in generation 3.0.
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.2d: This experiment was designed to demonstrate whether replication was semi-conservative or...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.6: Which type of reaction is the breakdown of starch into sugars? A. DenaturationB. ReductionC....
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.7: The diagram shows a molecular structure. Which type of molecule is shown? A. Amino acidB....
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.8: Which properties explain the ability of water to dissolve solutes? I. Polarity of water...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.9: A fever in a normally healthy adult during an illness is not usually a problem and can be...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.10: What is a similarity between DNA and RNA? A. Both are polymers of nucleotides.B. Both are...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.11: What enables bacteria to produce human growth hormone? A. DNA replication is...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.12: Which pair of molecules are products of aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms?
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.7: Olive oil may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. What is/are the compound(s) responsible...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.9: It is possible to attach β-galactosidase to alginate beads for use in the production of...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Define metabolism.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Identify the following processes as either anabolism or catabolism by placing a tick (√) in the...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: Describe cell respiration in terms of metabolism.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Producers extract phosphates and nitrates from soil. Outline how these ions are used in the...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.1a: Suggest the purpose of the wire mesh.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.1b: Describe how the apparatus measures the oxygen consumption of the mouse
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.1c: Discuss whether the apparatus would be suitable for measuring the oxygen consumption of a small...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: Suggest one reason for differences between the cereal grains, in the percentage of starch...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: Suggest one method that could have been used to keep the tubes at a constant temperature.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.2c: Explain the importance of having equal quantities of the enzyme at the start of the experiment.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: State the effect of enzyme concentration on the hydrolysis of proteins.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Sketch on the graph the curve expected if the hydrolysis were performed using papain 0.5 %.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Explain what would happen to fish protein hydrolysis if no alkali were added to the reaction vessel.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.6: A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.7: In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested. Which could be a...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.8: Meselson and Stahl conducted experiments using the isotopes 14N and 15N which showed that DNA...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.8: What type of molecule is shown in this diagram? A. Trans saturated fatty acid B. Cis...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.9: A strand of mRNA consists of the following nucleotides: AUUCUGGCUA Which of the following...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.21: Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.9: The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. What is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.11: A short sequence of nucleotides reads GGACAGAGCGCAGACGA. In which type of molecule could this...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.12: The table shows the genetic code. Which mRNA could code for the sequence...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.15: How does the proteome of a species contain a larger number of proteins than genes that code for...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.5a: Outline how translation depends on complementary base pairing.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including the role of Taq DNA polymerase.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Distinguish between the structures of the different types of fatty acids in food.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Distinguish between anabolism, catabolism and metabolism.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Describe the functioning of immunoglobulins.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.1a: Outline what the standard deviations reveal about the data from this experiment.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.1b: One result in this experiment can be classified as an outlier as its value is very distant from...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.1c: Outline the effect of temperature on the activity of urease enzyme.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.1d: State one factor that would need to be controlled in this experiment. 
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: Compare and contrast the experimental results for the effect of light intensity on the rate of...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: C. caroliniana can grow well in water at 27°C. This experiment was carried out at...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.2c: This experiment measured the quantity of oxygen gas released by the water plant. State one other...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.6: Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name?
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.7: The diagram shows a cycle of reactions that occurs in human liver cells. Which term describes...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.8: The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid. What type of fatty acid is palmitic...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.9: Which are necessary to make DNA replication semi-conservative? I. Separation of the strands by...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.10: The graph shows the changes in lactate and pyruvate measured in an athlete’s blood during and...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.11: What is the relative wavelength in the visible spectrum of red light and blue light and are these...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.12: The fungus Rhytisma grows on the leaves of certain trees, causing a yellow leaf area in which...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.5: What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid? A. It is made of carbon...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.7: Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water? A. Sodium chloride is transported as...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.3a: Suggest a hypothesis for the trend in the graph.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1b: Describe how increased capillary density could affect the aerobic capacity of muscle.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.i: State the time when the point of fatigue occurred in the Epi–exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.ii: Compare and contrast the results for the water–no exercise group and the Epi–no exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1d: Discuss the effect of exercise on the results of the experiment.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1e: Analyse the effect of exercise on the presence of the mitochondrial proteins in the leg muscle.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1f: Mitochondria are essential for aerobic respiration. Suggest one possible role of the proteins...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1g: The scientists concluded that Epi significantly increased aerobic capacity in leg...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Draw a molecular diagram of an amino acid to show its general structure.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Outline the role of ribosomes in translation.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Describe the structure and function of starch in plants.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: Outline the production of carbohydrates in photosynthesis.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.1f.i: State the name of the molecule which is produced by transcription. 
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3a: Outline the properties of water molecules that permit them to move upwards in plants.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Draw molecular diagrams to show the condensation reaction between two amino acids to form a...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1a: Suggest how the oxygen consumption rate is determined using this apparatus.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1b: State the relationship between body mass and the oxygen consumption of fish.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1c: Predict the effects of global warming on aerobic respiration in fish. 
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.2a: Determine the optimum pH and temperature of keratinase.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.2b: Suggest two changes occurring in the reaction vessel that could be used to indicate keratinase...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.2c: State two conditions that should be kept constant in both experiments.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.06: Which molecule could be hydrolysed into amino acids?
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.07: Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth’s atmosphere? A....
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.08: The Framingham heart study was an observational study that went on for 20 years. The following...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.09: Three flasks were prepared for an analysis of the activity of amylase. At time zero, each of the...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.10: For which discovery about DNA do Watson and Crick receive credit? A. DNA is the molecule that...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.11: Which sequence of bases and amino acids could be produced by transcription and translationof the...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.12: Which process causes ADP to change to ATP? A. Hydrolysis B. Protein synthesis C. DNA...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.19: An experiment was set up so that each test tube contained water at a pH of 6.3 and a pH...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.03a: The figure represents a water molecule. Draw a second water molecule to show how bonds can...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.03b: Water has important solvent properties. Explain these properties using an example to illustrate...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.05a: State one disaccharide and the two monomers from which it can be...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.05c: Compare and contrast cis-fatty acids and trans-fatty acids.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.07b: Explain the process of photosynthesis.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.07a: Nitrogen is part of many important substances in living organisms. Draw labelled diagrams to...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.07b: Nitrogen is part of many important substances in living organisms. Distinguish between...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.01a: Calculate the change in temperature in each cup after 20 minutes. Uncovered: Covered with wet...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.01b: State two conditions that must be the same for each cup at the start of the experiment.  
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.01c: Predict the temperature of the water in the cups after 3 hours.  
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.01d: Explain, with reference to the thermal properties of water, how this experiment helps demonstrate...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.02a: Identify pigment labelled P.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.02b: State a suitable solvent for extracting photosynthetic pigments from plant tissue.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.02c: Explain how the pigments in the chromatogram of spinach are identified.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.01a: Outline what happens when spinach extract is spotted on a TLC plate and placed into a container...
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.01b: Explain what the Rf values represent in chromatography.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.01c: State two photosynthetic pigments that could be identified using chromatography.  
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.05: Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules?  
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.09: A cricket was placed in a respirometer at constant temperature for ten minutes. The soap bubble...

Topic 3: Genetics

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.10: The feather colour of a certain breed of chicken is controlled by codominant alleles. A cross...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.11: The presence of freckles is a characteristic controlled by a dominant gene. Two parents who are...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.12: What maximum number of different genotypes and phenotypes are possible among the children of a...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.14: Which process can be used to amplify small fragments of DNA?A. Gel electrophoresisB. Polymerase...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.12: If a man with blood group O and a woman with blood group AB have children, which blood group(s)...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.13: Which individuals are colour blind in this Punnett grid? A. XB YB. XB XBC. Xb YD. XB Xb
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.15: What is a possible source of the chromosomes used for pre-natal karyotype diagnosis?A. The...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.16: What was an aim of genetic modification of organisms?A. To provide stem cells from embryos for...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.18: What causes the presence of three chromosomes 21 in Down syndrome?A. Crossing overB. Allele...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.2a: State the name of the process used to produce the pattern of bands seen in the image.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1a: State the district where there is the highest number of villages with the highest incidence of...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1b: Analyse the data in the map to find whether there is an association between rivers and the...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1c: Compare the trends in incidence of malaria for Toledo and Corozal.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1d (i): Suggest a reason for the decreases in the incidence of malaria from 1995  to 1999.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1d (ii): Suggest a reason why the incidence of malaria is so low in the Belize District.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1g: Discuss whether malaria could be reduced by replacing farmland with natural ecosystems and...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Meiosis in humans produces cells that participate in fertilization. Outline the processes...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Discuss ethical issues of therapeutic cloning in humans.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: Following fertilization, cells in the developing embryo differentiate. Outline a technique for...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.2b: Determine, with a reason, which male is the father of the child.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.3c (iv): Explain the role of the following enzymes in DNA replication.DNA ligase
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.4a: Define linked genes.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.4b: In cats, the allele for curled ears (C) is dominant over the allele for normal ears (c). The...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7c: Using a named example of a genetically modified crop, discuss the specific ethical issues of its...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Describe the application of DNA profiling to determine paternity.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: Explain the inheritance of colour blindness.
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.8: What is a characteristic of the human Y chromosome? A. It is made of DNA and histones covered by...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.26: What is a definition of a clone? A. A group of cells derived from a single parent cellB....
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.27: What was an aim of genetic modification of organisms? A. To provide stem cells from embryos for...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Outline outcomes of the human genome project.    
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.12: In a person who is heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia, where is the mutation found? A. In every...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.14: What is the chromosome number in a human gamete with non-disjunction? A. 46 B. 45 C. 24 D. 23
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.15: In a human with type A blood, what determines the blood group? A. Sex chromosomes B. One or two...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.16: A colour blind man and a woman carrier for colour blindness have a son. What is the probability...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.17: Laboratory analysis of DNA from a 40 000 year old woolly mammoth used the polymerase chain...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.11: In a person who is heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia, where is the mutation found? A. In every...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.12: What is the chromosome number in a human gamete with non-disjunction? A. 46 B. 45 C. 24 D. 23
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.13: In a human with type A blood, what determines the blood group? A. Sex chromosomes B. One or two...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.14: How are enzymes used during gene transfer involving plasmids?
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3c(i): Distinguish between the terms genotype and phenotype.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3c(ii): Outline a structural difference between the chromosomes of Helicobacter pylori and Homo sapiens.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3d(i): Deduce the possible phenotypes of individual X.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3d(ii): Describe ABO blood groups as an example of codominance.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: Outline a technique used for gene transfer.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Outline a technique used for gene transfer.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: Factor IX is a blood clotting protein which some hemophiliacs lack. In the future hemophilia...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Explain how males inherit hemophilia and how females can become carriers for  the condition.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.2b (i): Deduce the reason for the person developing as a female.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.11: What term describes the failure of sister chromatids to separate during anaphase II? A. Sex...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.12: What information can be concluded from the karyotype? A. The person is a normal male.B. The...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.13: In humans the ABO blood groups are an example of inheritance involving multiple alleles. In a...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.15: Alkaptonuria is an inherited condition in humans that affects phenylalanine and tyrosine...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.11: One type of gene mutation involves a base substitution. What are the consequences of the base...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.12: Which genetic condition can be diagnosed by karyotyping? A. Trisomy 21B. Sickle-cell anemiaC....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.13: The diagram shows a pedigree. According to the pedigree shown, which pattern of inheritance is...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.14: If a father with A-type blood and a mother with B-type blood have a child, what is the...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.4c: Explain how sexual reproduction can allow evolution to occur.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.7a: Define codominant allele, recessive allele, locus and sex linkage.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: ABO blood groups are inherited from parents, but it is possible for a child to have a different...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain how males inherit hemophilia and how females can become carriers for the condition.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.2a (i): Using the table, state whether recessive, dominant and codominant alleles are expressed in...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.2a (ii): State two alleles in blood groups that are codominant.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.2b: Clouded leopards live in tropical rainforests of South-East Asia. The normal spots (brown with a...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Outline the use of named enzymes in gene transfer using plasmids.
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.12: What is the difference between dominant, recessive and codominant alleles?
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.13: Which genotypes are possible when a male with blood group AB and a female with blood group O have...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.14: The following shows a pedigree chart. What type of inheritance is shown in this pedigree...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.15: What happens to DNA fragments in electrophoresis?A. They move in a magnetic field and are...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.11: What is the composition of eukaryotic chromosomes?A. DNA onlyB. DNA and riboseC. DNA and RNAD....
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.16: The flow chart summarizes methods of gene transfer. Which enzymes are used in steps I and II?
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: (i)  State the technique used to collect cells for pre-natal...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.2a: Analyse this karyotype.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: Albinism is inherited as a recessive trait; the alleles of the gene involved are A and a. An...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.2b: Outline the inheritance of hemophilia in humans.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.8c: Sickle-cell anemia affects the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen.Explain the...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.14: A body cell of a goat has 60 chromosomes.  What would be produced following meiosis in the testis...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.15: Which of the following involves meiosis? A. Tissue repairB. Production of gametesC. Asexual...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.17: In guinea pigs black coat colour is dominant to white. In a test cross between a black and a...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.15: The image shows a human karyotype. According to the image, what conditions can be...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.17: The diagram shows results of electrophoresis of DNA from a crime scene. Which suspect could be...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.11: What is the difference between the alleles of a gene? A. Their position on the chromosome B....
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.12: Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? A. Each gene is at...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.13: A new allele that provides herbicide resistance is identified in soybean plants. The allele is...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.14: The pedigree chart below shows the blood types of three members of a family. Which could be...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.15: Which statement about the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is correct? A. PCR allows DNA to be...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.7a: Describe the causes of Down syndrome.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.7c: Explain the causes of sickle-cell anemia.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.14: Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? A. Each gene is at...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.17: Which of the following types of information are needed to construct a karyotype? I. Size of the...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.18: A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia and a man who does not have hemophilia have a child. What...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.19: Which enzymes are needed to produce recombinant plasmids to be used in gene transfer? A. DNA...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.16: How is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used? A. To make many copies of a DNA molecule B. To...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.17: Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation. How many changes to the amino acid sequence are...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.18: A human cell has between 20 000 and 25 000 genes whereas an E. coli cell has approximately 4000...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.19: In the following diagram, which pair represents homologous chromosomes? A. 1 and 2 B. 3 and 4...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.24: A parent organism of unknown genotype is mated in a test cross. Half of the offspring have the...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.25: Rhesus factor is an antigen present on the surface of red blood cells of Rhesus positive...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.26: Rhesus factor is an antigen present on the surface of red blood cells of Rhesus positive...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: Outline a technique of gene transfer resulting in genetically modified organisms.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Explain the use of karyotyping in human genetics.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.11: The sequence of the first six amino acids of the normal β hemoglobin (HbA) chain are...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.12: What makes gene transfer between species possible? A. All species use the same genetic code. B....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.13: A certain breed of mouse can have fur that is either black or brown. A mouse breeder performs a...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.11: What is a gene mutation? A. Failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.12: What is meiosis? A. Division of a diploid nucleus to form diploid nuclei B. Reduction division...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.13: Which is a source of chromosomes for pre-natal diagnosis of abnormalities by karyotyping? A....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.14: What is a plasmid? A. Chloroplast DNA B. Mitochondrial DNA C. Small circle of DNA that can...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What causes genetic variety in the formation of gametes during meiosis? A. Crossing over in...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.12: What is a gene mutation? A. Failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.13: Which is a source of chromosomes for pre-natal diagnosis of abnormalities by karyotyping? A....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.14: Which is a feature of sex-linked genes in humans? A. Males can only be heterozygous for the...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.15: What is amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? A. Large amounts of RNA B. Small...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.16: What is a plasmid? A. Chloroplast DNA B. Mitochondrial DNA C. Small circle of DNA that can...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.23: The Punnett grid shows the inheritance of blood groups. What is the ratio of phenotypes of the...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.13: The sequence of the first six amino acids of the normal β hemoglobin (HbA) chain are...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.14: If there are 16 chromosomes in a cell that is about to divide, what will be the number of...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.15: Which of his grandparents must be a carrier if none of them had the disease? A. Maternal...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.16: His wife does not carry the hemophilia allele. What would be expected in their children?
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.17: What makes gene transfer between species possible? A. All species use the same genetic code. B....
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Outline the inheritance of a named sex-linked condition in humans.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: Explain the use of karyotyping in human genetics.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: A small DNA sample found at a crime scene can be used in an investigation. Describe the steps...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1b: Discuss which species of stem borer was most successfully controlled by the genetic engineering...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1c: Calculate the change in mean mass of male and of female rats fed on Bt maize from day 14 to 42.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1d: Evaluate the use of Bt maize as a food source on the growth of the rats.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: Comment on the use of Bt maize as a food source compared to the other diets tested.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1g: Compare the biomass of microbes in the soils surrounding the roots of Bt maize and non-Bt maize.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.1h: The researchers’ original hypothesis stated that microorganisms would be negatively affected by...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: Outline a possible cause of Down syndrome.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.3c: Describe the inheritance of colour blindness in humans.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.11: Red-green colour blindness is a sex-linked condition. Which of the following always shows normal...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.12: In a cross between red haired cattle and white haired cattle the offspring produced are always a...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.13: What evidence is given in the pedigree chart below to prove that the condition is caused by a...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.14: What conclusion can be made from the following evidence from an analysis of DNA...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.1a (i): State what would be used as the control in this experiment.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Outline the effects of the three species of stem borer on Bt maize type A.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Evaluate the efficiency of the types of Bt maize studied, in controlling the three species of...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: Describe the change in mean mass for the female rats during the 90-day experiment.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Evaluate the use of Bt maize as a food source compared to the other diets tested.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: Outline a basic technique for gene transfer.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.8b: Describe the role of sex chromosomes in the control of gender and inheritance of hemophilia.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.2c: Outline some of the outcomes of the sequencing of the human genome.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Explain the consequences of altering a DNA base in the genome of an organism.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.12: What do all human males inherit from their mother? I. An X chromosome  II. A Y chromosome  III....
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.22: What could be achieved by DNA profiling using gel electrophoresis? A. The chromosome number of...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.38: What procedure(s) could have been involved in the creation of the karyotype? I. Chorionic villus...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.39: What can be concluded from the karyotype provided? A. There was non-disjunction during meiosis...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.40: Which of the following is an inherited disease that is due to a base substitution mutation in a...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.14: What is the set of alleles that an individual possesses? A. A gene B. A genotype C. A genome D....
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.15: Which phase of cell division is photographed in order to make a karyotype? A. Anaphase of...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.17: Which process is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? A. Transcription B. Translation C....
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.9: If the haploid number of a species is 14, how many chromatids will there be in metaphase I in a...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.27: If an organism that is homozygous recessive for a trait is crossed with a heterozygote, what is...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.3a (i): Deduce with reasons for your answer, whether the chromosomes are autosomes or sex chromosomes.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.3a (ii): Deduce with reasons for your answer, whether the chromosomes are homologous or non-homologous.   
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.3b: State the stage of meiosis of a cell if it contains pairs of chromosomes as shown in the diagram.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.3c: Determine the combinations of alleles that would be present on each chromatid. Use the diagrams...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.3d: State the pattern of inheritance shown by the three genes.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.4a: Explain why carriers of sex-linked (X-linked) genes must be heterozygous.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.4b (i): Label the diagram below which shows a basic gene transfer. I....
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.4b (ii): State two general types of enzymes used in gene transfer.
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.13: In some people, hemoglobin always contains the amino acid valine in place of a glutamic acid at...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.15: What are homologous chromosomes? A. Identical chromosomes B. Non-identical chromosomes with...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.16: Which processes involved in cloning an animal are indicated by the letters X and Y?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.17: What type of inheritance is shown in this pedigree chart? A. X-linked dominant B. Y-linked...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.13: Which of the following is the cause of sickle-cell anemia? A. Tryptophan is replaced by leucine....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.14: What does the karyogram below correspond to? A. A normal male B. A normal female C. A female...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.15: A man of blood group A and a woman of blood group B have a child. If both are heterozygous for...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.16: Which disease is an example of sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance? A. AIDS B. Down syndrome C....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.17: The diagram below represents the results obtained in a DNA profile from a crime scene. Suspect...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: Gene transfer to bacteria often involves small circles of DNA into which genes can be inserted....
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.4b: The diagram below shows a cut circle of DNA into which a gene is being inserted. Before it can be...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.4c: Discuss the potential benefit and possible harm of one named example of gene transfer between...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.3a: Define the term allele as used in genetics.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: List the possible genotypes for blood group B.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.13: Which of the following genotypes is possible in the offspring of a homozygous male with blood...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.13: What does the universal nature of the genetic code allow? A. Change of genetic code in the same...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.11: What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?A. A change to the base sequence of a hemoglobin geneB....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.12: During reproduction in flowering plants an embryo sac is produced, containing one haploid...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.13: The blood groups of a mother and four children are indicated on the pedigree chart below. What...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.14: Boys can inherit the recessive allele (c) that causes red-green colour blindness from their...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.15: A small amount of a suspect’s DNA is obtained from a crime scene. What techniques would be used...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.16: The Human Genome Project allowed the first accurate estimates of the number of different genes in...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.14: What type of enzyme could be used to cut a DNA molecule as indicated by the dotted line on the...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.15: What does therapeutic cloning involve? A. Developing genetically identical cultures of human...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.3 a: Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the possible offspring of a male hemophiliac and a...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.7 a: Define the terms chromosome, gene, allele and genome.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.7 b: Compare the genetic material of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.18: In humans a V-shaped hair line is dominant to a straight hair line. A woman with a V-shaped hair...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.20: Which technique causes fragments of DNA to move in an electric field? A. Polymerase chain...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.4a (i): Determine the genotype of person 1.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.4a (ii): Deduce the genotype of the mother of person 2.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.4a (iii): If person 3 has a son, and the father is a hemophiliac male, predict the son’s phenotype.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Suggest how sheep could be genetically modified to help the treatment of hemophilia in humans.
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.14: Which statement is a definition of a gene? A. The whole of the genetic information of an...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.15: Which of the following statements relate(s) to Down syndrome (trisomy 21)? I. It can be detected...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes in humans.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Describe the inheritance of hemophilia including an example using a Punnett grid.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Explain how meiosis results in an effectively infinite genetic variety of gametes.
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.9: What stage of meiosis is shown in the micrograph? A. Prophase IB. Metaphase IIC. Anaphase IID....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.10: What commonly causes Down syndrome in humans? A. Non-disjunctionB. Base substitutionC....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.11: When genes are transferred between species, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide translated...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Explain how a base substitution mutation, such as GAG to GTG, can lead to a disease like...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: Using a Punnett grid, determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of a cross between a man...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Discuss the benefits and possible harmful effects of altering species by one example of genetic...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.13: What is the name given to a heritable factor which controls a specific characteristic? A. Allele...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.14: What would be the expected result if a woman carrier for colour blindness and a colour blind man...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.15: In peas, tall is dominant to dwarf. In a cross between a dwarf plant and a heterozygous tall...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1a(i): State which group of rice plants were the shortest at the beginning of the experiment.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1a(ii): Calculate the percentage change in height for the O. sativa japonica unmodified variety during...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Deduce the general relationship between the growth of all the japonica varieties and their stated...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.2d: Explain, using one example, how non-disjunction in meiosis can lead to changes in chromosome number.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1e(i): State the overall effect of overexpression of the OsGI gene in plants treated with short-day light.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1e(ii): Compare the results between the plants treated with short-day light and the plants treated with...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Evaluate, using all the data, how modified varieties of rice could be used to overcome food...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: Explain how sexual reproduction can lead to variation in a species.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Describe karyotyping and one application of its use.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Describe a technique used for gene transfer.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Using a named example, discuss the benefits and harmful effects of genetic modification.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.7:  Which sequence of DNA would be suitable in DNA profiling? A. ---ATTCGTGAATCAGCC--B....
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.17: What is characteristic of homologous chromosomes? A. They have an identical DNA sequence.B. They...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.18: What event occurs only in meiosis? A. Fusion of gametes to promote genetic variationB. Random...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.20: What is the effect of dominant alleles? I. They mask the effect of recessive alleles.  II. They...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.14: It is possible for two parents to have children with each of the four ABO blood groups. What...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.16: Which technique separates proteins according to size? A. Treatment with restriction...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Describe the reason for testing for insulin mRNA in the embryonic stem cell cultures.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1i: Suggest an ethical advantage of using this type of therapy over embryonic stem cell therapy.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1j: Using the data from all three studies, evaluate the use of embryonic stem cells as a treatment...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Many genetic diseases are due to recessive alleles of autosomal genes that code for an enzyme....
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.4a: Label the parts of two paired nucleotides in the polynucleotide of DNA.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.13: What is produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer? A. Adult sheepB. Cloned embryosC. Rooted...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.14: The diploid number of chromosomes in humans (Homo sapiens) is 46 and the diploid number of...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.11: What is the major health issue resulting from the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986? A....
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.13: What description is matched with the correct phase in meiosis I?
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: State the haploid number for horses.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Explain reasons that mules cannot reproduce.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.4d: A mule was born at the University of Idaho in the USA with 64 chromosomes. Suggest a mechanism by...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Using the pedigree chart, deduce the type of allele that causes hypophosphatemia.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Identify the genotype of the individual marked with a star in the pedigree chart, using...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.13: A child has blood group A. The father of the child has blood group B. What are the possible...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.11: What proves that the inheritance of the condition shown in this pedigree chart is autosomal...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.14: The micrographs show four different phases from meiosis II. What is the correct order? A....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.26: A DNA profile was made of one individual in a paternity suit. Locus B was used to distinguish...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.16: During which phase of the first division of meiosis can non-disjunction take place and what...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.5c: Explain benefits and risks of using genetically modified crops for the environment and also for...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: Outline the additional evidence provided by the gel electrophoresis results shown above.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Discuss the role of genes and chromosomes in determining individual and shared character features...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.13: What distinguishes an allele from a gene? A. An allele is made of RNA. B. An allele is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.14: Which is a characteristic of the pairs of sister chromatids that are visible during meiosis? A....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.15: Some breeds of dogs are characterized by the presence of a melanistic mask, which is a darkening...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.16: The diagram shows a pedigree of cystic fibrosis, in which the black colour indicates the presence...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.17: Which is a characteristic of the haploid number of eukaryotic chromosomes? A. It doubles in...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.21: Which is a possible risk associated with a genetic modification of crops? A. Crop plants will...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.4a.i: State one type of environmental factor that may increase the mutation rate of a gene.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.4a.ii: Identify one type of gene mutation.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.15: HindIII is an endonuclease that recognizes the sequence A A G C T T, cutting between the two...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.16: An allele for lactase persistence allows humans to digest milk as adults. People who lack this...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.02c: State an application of plasmids in biotechnology.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.06c: Outline natural methods of cloning in some eukaryotes.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.03b: Some regions of DNA act as telomeres or produce tRNA. State one other function of DNA sequences...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.10: The image shows a karyogram. [Source:...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.12: A dominant autosomal allele for lactase persistence allows humans to digest milk as adults....

Topic 4: Ecology

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.16: What is the best definition of the greenhouse effect in the Earth’s atmosphere?A. A naturally...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.18: Human activity leading to the emission of greenhouse gases may be a cause of global...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.17: Which statement describes the term species?A. Members of the same ecological communityB....
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.19: The following statements refer to a pyramid of energy. I. Some material is not assimilated by...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.20: The table shows the monthly CO2 concentrations in mg L–1 taken at two monitoring...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1e: Besides farmland, identify which two ecosystems have the greatest total area with a high...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1f: Predict with a reason, using the data, which district has most farmland.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.1g: Discuss whether malaria could be reduced by replacing farmland with natural ecosystems and...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.3a: Describe what is meant by a food chain.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.3b (i): Identify a food chain with four or more organisms from the forest food web.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.3b (ii): Deduce the trophic level of each organism identified in your food chain from (b)(i).
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.3c: State one reason that the population of mountain lions is smaller than the populations of other...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1a: State the trend in the surface area of sea ice in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1b: Distinguish between changes in the surface area of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctica.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1c: Discuss the data as evidence of global warming.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1d: Describe the trends in the length of the sea ice season around the Antarctic Peninsula and in the...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1e: Analyse the trends in colony size of the Adélie penguins in relation to the changes in the sea ice.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.1f: Discuss the use of Adélie penguins in studying the effects of global warming.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: Aquatic and other environments are being affected by a global rise in temperature. Outline the...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.15: The table shows the monthly CO2 concentrations in mg L–1 taken at two monitoring stations. What...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.16: The image shows an Arctic food web. What is the role of the Arctic hare? A. DetritivoreB....
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.20c: Outline the abiotic factors that affect the distribution of plant species in an ecosystem.
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.1: Two populations of the same fish species were fed different diets to investigate the effect of...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.18: Which of the following describe(s) this spider? I. Primary consumer II. Heterotroph III....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.19: Based on their diet, the feces of spotted hyenas appear white because of high calcium content....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.20: Which process has the greatest relative role in transferring carbon? A. Decomposition B....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.21: What contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect? A. Ozone from violent thunderstorms B....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.1: Two populations of the same fish species were fed different diets to investigate the effect of...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.15: Which of the following describe(s) this spider? I. Primary consumer II. Heterotroph III....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.16: Which hypothesis is supported by evidence from ecological research? A. Decomposers are the final...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.17: What contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect? A. Ozone from violent thunderstorms B....
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.2d(i): Saprotrophic organisms, such as Mucor species, are abundant in soils. Define saprotrophic...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.2d(ii): State one role of saprotrophic organisms in the ecosystem.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: Define saprotroph.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Ecologists sometimes display data from an ecosystem using a diagram called a  pyramid of...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.8a: One of the distinguishing features of the Archaea is that they are capable of inhabiting extreme...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.16: In ecosystems the amount of energy that passes from one trophic level to the next is called the...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.17: Global warming caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is likely to have major consequences for...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.15: The diagram is a representation of a carbon cycle.  Which arrow will reduce the greenhouse effect?
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Explain how the process of photosynthesis affects carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Ecologists sometimes display data from an ecosystem using a diagram called a pyramid of energy....
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.16: The following shows an energy pyramid.How is energy lost between the trophic levels?A....
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.19: What are examples of greenhouse gases?A. Ethane and ozoneB. Methane and nitrogenC. Methane and...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.18: Which pair of statements is correct?
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.17: What is a population?A. Organisms of the same genus living in an ecosystemB. Organisms living...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: All organisms take in and also release carbon compounds. Draw a labelled diagram of the carbon...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: Distinguish between the movement of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem.
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.19: What is an ecosystem? A. An environment in which an organism normally livesB. A group of...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.18: What term can be used to describe clams that eat decaying plant matter? A. DetritivoresB....
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.19: At each trophic level energy is lost. How is this energy regained by the ecosystem? A. HeatB....
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Discuss the definition of the term species.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.10a.i: State the sea surface temperature when the North Sea cod spawning biomass was the highest, giving...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.10a.ii: State the North Sea cod spawning biomass when the sea surface temperature was the lowest, giving...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.10b: Outline the trends in North Sea cod spawning biomass between 1960 and 2000.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.10c: Evaluate the evidence provided by the data, for the prediction that North Sea cod will become...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.10d: Suggest one factor, other than sea surface temperature, that might influence the North Sea Cod...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.17c: Explain the formation of methane from biomass.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.16: What is a community composed of? A. Habitats B. Populations C. Abiotic factors D. Biotic and...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.18: Which of the following are greenhouse gases? I. Oxides of nitrogen II. Carbon dioxide III....
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: Discuss reasons why the levels of a pyramid of energy differ in size.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.10a: State the mean terrestrial invertebrate biomass measured in August.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.10b: Describe the trend in the aquatic invertebrate flux.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.10c: Suggest the relationship between defoliation and the amount of terrestrial invertebrates in the...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.10d: Suggest a possible explanation for the pattern in aquatic invertebrate flux to the forest seen...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.10e: Allochthonous organisms are those which have migrated from one place to another, such as the...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.20: Which of the following is the best definition of a population? A. A group of individuals that...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which of the following ecological units includes abiotic factors? A. A community B. An...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.29: Which group of organisms in the carbon cycle converts carbon into a form that is available to...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.19a: State the mean terrestrial invertebrate biomass measured in August.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.19b: Describe the trend in the aquatic invertebrate flux.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.19c: Suggest the relationship between defoliation and the amount of terrestrial invertebrates in the...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.19d: Suggest a possible explanation for the pattern in aquatic invertebrate flux to the forest seen...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.20b: Explain why the carnivores in an ecosystem tend to be fewer in number and have a smaller biomass...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: State the largest number of dolphins counted in a single survey.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1b: Calculate the mean number of dolphins counted per survey for the winter season.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1c: Compare the data for the dolphin populations in winter and summer.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1d (i): Compare the distribution of dolphins in summer and winter.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1d (ii): Suggest one reason for the differences in distribution.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: Outline the relationship between body mass and LCTw for male dolphins.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: Suggest one reason for the high LCTw measured for the female dolphin.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1g: Evaluate the hypothesis that water temperature determines the range and distribution of...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.1h: Explain how an increase in water temperature due to global warming could affect the distribution...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Outline the causes and consequences of the enhanced greenhouse effect.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.14: In a pond, two species of fish feed on insects and worms. The insects feed on the green plants...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.15: The fungus Calocera viscosa obtains its nutrients from decaying conifer trees. Which pair of...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.16: What is an example of the precautionary principle? A. Avoiding cigarettes as they increase the...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.15: What best describes the mode of nutrition of a heterotroph? A. It ingests only non-living...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.16: The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.17: To which trophic level do the butterflies belong? A. Producers B. Primary consumers C. Secondary...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.17: What best describes the mode of nutrition of a heterotroph? A. It ingests only non-living...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.18: The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.20: What do records from the twentieth and twenty-first century show about the concentration of...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.21: What term refers to organisms of the same species, living in a specified area and time? A....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.18: In a pond, two species of fish feed on insects and worms. The insects feed on the green plants...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.19: What is recycled in an ecosystem? A. Nitrogen, carbon and energy are all recycled. B. Nitrogen...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: State the largest number of dolphins counted in a single summer survey.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Compare the distribution of dolphins in summer and winter.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Suggest one reason for the differences in distribution.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: Outline two possible consequences of global warming for organisms living in arctic ecosystems.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.5c: Explain the flow of energy between trophic levels in ecosystems.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Outline the consequences of a global temperature rise on arctic ecosystems.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.18b: Explain the principles involved in the generation of methane from biomass.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.15: Slime moulds (Acrasiomycota) are protoctists. They feed on decaying organic matter, bacteria and...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: Below is a graph of atmospheric CO2 levels measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawai’i. Explain...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the precautionary principle.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.4a: Define the terms species, population and community. Species:   Population:     Community:
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: Explain the shape of the pyramids of energy that are constructed by ecologists to represent...
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Explain how the emission of gases, both naturally and through human activity, can alter the...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.19: What is the main cause of the increase in CO2 levels from 1960 to 2000? A. Burning fossil...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.20: Why does the amount of CO2 fall between April and August? A. Seasonal increase in the rate of...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.21: The scarlet cup fungus (Sarcoscypha coccinea) obtains its nutrition from decaying wood by...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.19: The following diagram shows part of a food web from Yellowstone Park. What would be the...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Why do food chains in an ecosystem rarely contain more than five organisms? A. Nutrients are...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.23: The graph below shows variation in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere as measured at...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1a: Considering all the birds sampled, identify which species was sampled the most and which was...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1b: Using the data from the table, calculate the percentage difference in mean bird mass for the...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1c: Compare the 17-year summary data for the hermit thrush and the magnolia warbler.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1d: Evaluate the one season data for the hermit thrush and the American robin with regard to average...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1e: Describe, using the triglyceride levels graph, the results at Site 1 and Site 2 for all of the...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1f: Explain the differences in the triglyceride level and butyrate level for the hermit thrush at...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1g: Scientists have hypothesized that the food quality is better at Site 1 than at Site 2. Evaluate...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.1h: Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage for blood sampling rather than weighing birds to...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Describe the relationship between the rise in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.8b: Outline the precautionary principle.
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.18: What is a community? A. A group of organisms living and interacting in the same trophic level B....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.19: What are the units of a pyramid of energy? A. kJ m-2 yr-1 B. kJ m-1 yr-1 C. J m-3 s-1 D. J m2 s-1
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.20: What is a potential consequence of the rise in global temperatures on the Arctic ecosystem? A....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.19: What will happen to the food web above if the sea otter disappears? A. Large fish increase and...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.20: Which organism in this food web is both a secondary and tertiary consumer? A. Large crab B....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which gas will enhance the greenhouse effect if released into the atmosphere? A. Hydrogen B....
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Outline the trends, over the period of time shown in the graph, in the number of grey partridges,...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (i): Identify the correlation between the density of grey partridges and birds of prey.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (ii): Suggest a hypothesis to account for this correlation.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.1c (i): Calculate the percentage of deaths due to birds of prey.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.1c (ii): Using the data provided, discuss the causes of the correlation between the density of grey...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1a: Identify the dissolved element always present in the three samples with most puddling time.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1b: Discuss the relationship between sampling visits (V) and puddling time (T) in experiments 1, 2...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1c: Analyse the results for experiment 4.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Describe the movement of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.16: What are the units of a pyramid of energy? A. kJ m-2 yr-1B. kJ m-1 yr-1 C. J m-3 s-1 D. J m2 s-1
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.15: Which of the following is a consequence of global temperature rise on arctic ecosystems? A....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.17: Zoophobas morio is an insect. Its larvae feed on bat feces in caves in Guatemala. What type of...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.18: The diagram below shows some of the links in the carbon cycle. What processes are taking place...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.19: Global warming threatens the survival of Arctic foxes. Which of the following factors could be...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.16: How is energy passed from one trophic level to the next? I. FoodII. LightIII. Heat A. I onlyB....
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.4 a: State the process occurring at X and Y.  X:...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.4 b: Suggest one type of organism that can be involved in process Z.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.4 c: Explain the relationship between the rise in concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.22: Which term best defines a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.25: What is a consequence of a global temperature rise on arctic ecosystems? A. Decrease in CO2...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.3b (i): Construct a possible food chain using three of the organisms shown opposite, stating the trophic...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.3b (ii): State the initial energy source of the food chain constructed in (b)(i).
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.20: Which of the following trophic groups include fungi? A. Detritivores B. Autotrophs C....
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3a (i): The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process. State one greenhouse gas.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3a (ii): The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process. Explain how radiation of different...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3b (i): The enhanced greenhouse effect can cause a rise in atmospheric temperature. Outline two...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.3b (ii): The enhanced greenhouse effect can cause a rise in atmospheric temperature. Outline one effect...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.13: The diagram shows a pyramid of energy for a wetland environment. What units would be appropriate...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.14: The diagram shows the carbon cycle.  Which letter indicates respiration?
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.15: What is the mode of nutrition of midge larva? A. AutotrophB. DetritivoreC. HeterotrophD. Saprotroph
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.16: Which represents a correct food chain from this web? A. stickleback → midge larva → unicellular...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Define habitat, population, community and ecosystem.          
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline how energy flows through an ecosystem.        
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: Describe what is meant by a food chain and a food web.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain the relationship between rises in concentration of atmospheric gases and the enhanced...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe what is meant by a food chain and a food web.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.6c: Explain the relationship between rises in concentration of atmospheric gases and the enhanced...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.1a: State the effect that the exclusion of the oystercatchers had on the total number of limpets per m2.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Suggest reasons for the difference in numbers of L. strigatella between the areas where...
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.10a(i): Outline the changes in ice cover shown in the data above.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.10a(ii): Suggest one reason for the changes in ice cover.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.10b(i): Outline the relationship between ice cover and the mass of 14-day-old chicks on Coats Island.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.10b(ii): Suggest reasons for the relationship.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.10c: Predict, with a reason, the change in the mass of chicks in the years ahead.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.19a(i): Outline the changes in ice cover shown in the data above.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.19a(ii): Suggest one reason for the changes in ice cover.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.19b(i): Outline the relationship between ice cover and the mass of 14-day-old chicks on Coats Island.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.19b(ii): Suggest reasons for the relationship.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.19c: Predict, with a reason, the change in the mass of chicks in the years ahead.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.23: Which are characteristics of a species? I. The potential to interbreed to produce fertile...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.24: The statement is about the role of some bacteria in ecosystems. What is the mode of nutrition...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.25: The diagram represents a pyramid of energy. What level does the letter X represent? A....
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.17: Which category of organisms is correctly described by its method of nutrition and site of...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.18: What limits the length of food chains in an ecosystem? A. The size of individual organismsB....
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.7b: Outline how the energy flow through food chains limits their length.
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Using the diagram, explain the interaction of short and long wave radiation with greenhouse gases...
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.1a: State the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and calcification rates.
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Suggest one advantage of using a mesocosm in this experiment.
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Outline one way in which reef-building corals are affected by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.3a: State the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and calcification rates.
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.3b: Distinguish between the exchange of matter and energy with the surroundings in a closed mesocosm.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.17: What is the classification of an organism that is able to make organic compounds from inorganic...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.18: What restricts the length of a food chain? A. Energy losses between the trophic levelsB. A...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.15: How is peat formed? A. From methanogenic archaeans under anaerobic and acidic conditions in deep...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.16: What contributes to rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and increases in average...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the difference in the mean dry mass of mayflies upstream and downstream of Cement Creek...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1b: Describe the effect dams have on water temperature.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: The graph shows the mean dry mass of mayflies relative to the water temperature in their...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1d: Analyse the data to find the effect of flooding and tree felling by beavers on the activity of bats.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1e: The trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, that live in West Brush Creek and Cement Creek also feed on the...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1f: Identify an example of competition between organisms in this food web.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) was introduced to islands adjacent to Argentina and...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.4c: Discuss whether or not horses and donkeys should be placed in the same species.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Explain the processes by which energy enters and flows through ecosystems.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Draw a labelled diagram of a pyramid of energy.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the difference in coral cover in 1996 and 2002. No working required.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Describe the evidence that the ocean temperature has an effect on coral cover.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Suggest causes for the changes in ocean temperature.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Identify one advantage of conducting this experiment in the laboratory rather than in the ocean.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Comment on whether the experimental data supports the observed data from the ocean.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: (i) Describe the trend in calcification when the pH is decreased at 25 –26°C. (ii) In...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Suggest another marine animal that has parts made of calcium carbonate and may therefore be...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Outline causes of ocean acidification.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1i: Discuss the need for international cooperation to solve the problems of declining coral populations.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.8c: Describe how energy flows through and is used by organisms in ecosystems.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.17: Euglena is a unicellular organism that feeds on bacteria and uses CO2 as a carbon source. Which...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.18: The diagram shows a version of the carbon cycle. What is indicated by the numbers?
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.16: Methanogens produce methane gas. What is this gas converted to in the atmosphere? A. Carbon...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.19: Which characteristic of water vapour classifies it as a greenhouse gas? A. It absorbs and then...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Outline how acidified sea water could affect the shells of the oyster.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Outline the trends shown in the data in the graph.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.i: Deduce from the data in the bar charts which factors were and were not correlated significantly...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.ii: Suggest reasons for the differences in the numbers of oysters drilled, as shown in the bar charts.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.iii: The radula in a gastropod is hard but not made of calcium carbonate. Outline how this statement...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: Using all the data, evaluate how CO2 concentrations affect the development of oysters and their...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2d: Explain the role of decomposers in an ecosystem.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: State the type of wavelength of the radiation labelled X and Y. X:  Y: 
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Outline reasons for the change occurring at Z. 
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) nests and breeds on remote low-lying coral...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: Most of the surface of the Earth is covered with a wide diversity of ecosystems. Outline two...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.17: What is lost between trophic levels in ecosystems and cannot be recycled? A. Heat B....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.18: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.19: By which mechanism do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming? A. Their higher...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.22: The image shows a transect through a stream and a field. Which calculation would test for the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.23: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.3b: Mesocosm experiments using water from Narragansett Bay were completed in the laboratory during a...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.13c: Distinguish between mutualism and parasitism, providing another example of mutualism and another...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Discuss the processes in the carbon cycle that affect concentrations of carbon dioxide and...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Using the food web, identify a detritivore.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Using the food web, identify a saprotroph.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: Outline the energy flow through this food web.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1c: Predict the effects of global warming on aerobic respiration in fish. 
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.1b: Describe the relationship between gall diameter and percentage survival of E. solidaginis.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.17: In an area of forest measuring 100 m by 100 m, samples were taken to estimate the number of...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.18: The diagram shows the carbon cycle. [Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.04b: Outline why the number of trophic levels is limited in a food chain.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.07c: Describe the process of peat formation.

Topic 5: Evolution and biodiversity

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.19: The photograph shows an animal of the species Eisenia fetida. [Source: “Redwiggler1” by Mihai...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.22: What is the biological definition of the term evolution?A. The changes shown by fossils over...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.23: Which example provides evidence of evolution?A. White wings of a peppered moth turn black in...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Explain how DNA is used to pass on genetic information to offspring accurately but also produce...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.5c: Explain the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.10a: State the relationship between brain mass and maximum life span.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.10b: Identify the group with the widest range of brain mass.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.10c: Compare the brain mass and life span of primates and marsupials.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.10d: Discuss how a larger brain size and longer life span might have contributed to the evolution of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.17: Which example provides evidence of evolution? A. White wings of a peppered moth turn black in...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.18: What promotes natural selection? I. Overpopulation II. Competition  III. Variation  A. I and...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.4c: Describe the consequences of the potential overproduction of offspring.    
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.3: Explain cladistics as a method of classifying organisms.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.12a: Outline the process of adaptive radiation.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.2a: The table shows certain characteristics present (+) or absent (–) in six organisms. Using the...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.22: What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis? A. Acacia B. Tortilis C. Fabaceae D....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.23: Darwin described evolution as “descent with modification”. What would make evolution less...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.19: What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis? A. Acacia B. Tortilis C. Fabaceae D....
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Outline how fossil records can provide evidence for evolution.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain how evolution may happen in response to an environmental change.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Explain how evolution may happen in response to environmental change with evidence from examples.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: State the infant mass relative to mother mass of Homo sapiens.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: Outline the difference in infant mass relative to mother mass in extinct hominids and modern humans.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Suggest a hypothesis, based on evidence in the data, for when the shift to giving birth to larger...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.10d: Suggest one disadvantage of infants being born with a relatively large size in humans.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the percentage of the total body mass made up by the human brain.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Compare the mass of human organs with the mass of other primate organs.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Using information from the table and the graph, identify the human organ which uses the greatest...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.1d: Explain the differences between the organ size of humans and other primates in terms of trends in...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.2b(i): On the cladogram, label with the letter C the point that shows the most recent common ancestor of...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.2b(ii): Identify which two species evolved most recently.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.4c (i): State an external feature that is different in: Cnidaria and Mollusca.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.4c (ii): State an external feature that is different in: Mollusca and Annelida.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Outline the types of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolution.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: Explain two examples of evolution in response to an environmental change.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.3: Discuss the use of cladograms in phylogenetic studies.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.18: Ranunculus repens and Hypericum repens both have yellow flowers. Which statement is true? A....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.17: What distinguishes Annelida from Platyhelminthes? A. Platyhelminthes have a segmented body but...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.18: What features occur in all species of Angiospermophyta and Coniferophyta? A. SeedsB. BarkC....
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Outline how overpopulation of a species in a given environment may lead to evolution.
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.21: Which phylum includes plants with rhizoids, spores that are produced in a capsule and a height...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.19: What is accepted by scientists as evidence for evolution? I. Similarities in bone structure...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.20: What causes heritable variation in a species? I. Muscle development through exerciseII....
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Explain the various possible consequences of overproduction of offspring.
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.22: The long-term exposure of bacteria to antibiotics has led to the spread of resistant strains (for...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.22: The image shows a drawing of an organism To which phylum of plants does this organism...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.23: To which phylum do organisms with exoskeleton, jointed appendages and segmented bodies...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.1a: State the greatest angle from the vertical of the scratch marks on the tool used on termite mounds.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.1b: Calculate the difference in the angle between the mean values for the Swartkrans tool and the...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.1c: Compare the width of scratch marks on the tool used to dig for larvae with the Swartkrans tool.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.1d: Using evidence from the photographs and the graphs, suggest what the researchers’ main conclusion...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.1e: A. robustus was thought to have coexisted with Homo habilis, both becoming extinct at the same...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.3: Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of organisms on Earth.
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.11a: Outline two processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life on Earth.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.20: Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.2a: Define the term clade.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.2b: Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures, giving an example of each.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.2c: The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus sign (+)...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.1a (i): Determine the greatest genetic distance between any pair of colonies of V. squamosa.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.1a (ii): Identify the greatest geographic distance between any pair of colonies of V. maculifrons.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.1b: Describe the relationship between the geographic distance and genetic distance in the two species.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.1c: Compare the two species in terms of genetic distance between the pairs of colonies.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.8a: State two characteristics that permit the classification of microbes into domains.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.23: What is evolution? A  A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.24: Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.15: A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.20: Which of the following represent homologous features? A. Wings in birds and insects B. The...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the year with the highest frequency of the melanic form of O. bidentata.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.1b: Estimate the percentage of non-melanic forms of A. crenata in 1978.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.1c (i): Compare the trends for the three moth species during the study.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.1c (ii): Suggest reasons for the differences in trends.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.2c: Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.18: Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related? I. Common barberry...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.18: What type of process causes antibiotic resistance to develop in bacteria? A. Competition with...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.1a: State which butterfly (sub)family contains the species with the greatest escaping ability.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.1b: Suggest one feature of butterfly wings that might help a butterfly to escape from a predator.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.1c (i): Explain how the ability of a butterfly to escape from predators could increase by natural selection.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.1c (ii): The graph shows that distasteful butterflies tend to have a lower ability to escape from...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.2b (i): Identify the two most closely related organisms.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.2b (ii): Identify the species to which the Bonobo is most distantly related.
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.22: What type of process causes antibiotic resistance to develop in bacteria? A. Competition with...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.21: What characteristics describe homologous structures? A. They have the same ancestral origin but...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.22: The Atlantic cod (Gadus callarias) is a fish which lays about 5 000 000 eggs in its lifetime. On...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.23: Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related? I. Common barberry...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.4b: The changes that result from global warming may lead to evolution. Define evolution.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.4c: Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.7a: Distinguish between bryophyta and coniferophyta.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: Discuss the definition of the term species.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: Outline the process of adaptive radiation.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.17a: Explain the reasons for the reclassification of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes into Eubacteria,...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.2b: Maize belongs to the group of plants known as angiospermophyta. Distinguish between...
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Outline how antibiotic resistance in bacteria can arise in response to environmental change.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.17: What is the mechanism of natural selection? A. Any individuals in a population can be selected...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.18: Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid?  
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: Describe how natural selection leads to evolution.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.18: To which group do sponges belong? A. CnidariaB. FilicinophytaC. PoriferaD. Mollusca
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.21: Which process tends to reduce variety within a population? A. Natural selectionB. Random...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of evolution in response to environmental change....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.22: Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution? I. Homologous structures II....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.23: A poodle and a chihuahua are both dogs and classified as Canis familiaris. What conclusion can be...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.23: Which phylum does the plant below belong to? A. Angiospermophyta B. Bryophyta C. Coniferophyta...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.7a: Plants are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Describe the different characteristics of the...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.6b: Explain how sexual reproduction can eventually lead to evolution in offspring.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Using simple external recognition features, distinguish between the plant phyla bryophyta and...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.18: An animal has radial symmetry, a sac-like body with only one opening and tentacles with stinging...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.19: Which of the following is a characteristic of platyhelminthes? A. Many pairs of legs B. Flat...
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the relationship between wing size and latitude shown by D. subobscura in Europe.
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.1b (i): Compare the data for wing size of D. subobscura in North and South America with wing size in Europe.
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.1b (ii): Suggest one reason for the differences.
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.1c: Predict, with a reason, what might happen to D. subobscura in the future as a result of its...
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.2b: Outline the evidence provided by DNA for the common ancestry of living organisms.
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.2c: The cladogram below shows the classification of species A to D. Deduce how similar species A is...
• 10M.3.HL.TZ1.2d: Suggest two reasons for using cladograms for the classification of organisms.
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.11a: Outline the process of adaptive radiation.
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.17a: State the names of the three domains, giving a microbial example of each.
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.17b: Traditional classification separates organisms into two groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes....
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.17c: Distinguish between the two domains of prokaryotes.
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.21: Charles Darwin used domesticated animals to provide evidence for evolution by natural selection....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.22: Ants, bees and wasps are classified in the same order. What can be deduced about these animals?A....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.23: Pseudolarix amabilis produces seeds but not flowers. Physcomitrella patens has leaves but not...
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: State the year in which G. fortis had the greatest change in relative beak size.
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Compare the trends in relative beak size of G. fortis and G. scandens.
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Outline possible reasons for the trends in relative beak size in finches.
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.3: Discuss the relationship between cladograms and the classification of living organisms.
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.26: The following diagrams (not to scale) represent the fossilized forelimbs of three horses living...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Which organisms have flowers? A. Bryophyta B. Porifera C. Angiospermophyta D. Cnidaria
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: State all the organisms shown above that belong to the following phyla. Filicinophyta: ...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.19: Which organisms have flowers? A. Bryophyta B. Porifera C. Angiospermophyta D. Cnidaria
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.12: A biologist exploring an uninhabited island came across an unknown plant.  She made the following...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: Parts of a dichotomous key to organisms A, B, C and D are shown.  Design missing parts of the key...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: The correlation shown in the data above can be explained by natural selection. Outline how the...
• 12N.3.SL.TZ0.11a: Using the mammalian pentadactyl limb as an example, outline the process of adaptive radiation.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.1d: Outline the use of the binomial system of nomenclature in Oryza sativa.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.2b(i): Using the external features shown in the photograph, state the phylum to which this plant belongs.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.2c: Outline the use of the binomial system of nomenclature in Campanula persicifolia.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: State how many amino acids are in the same position in the E. coli (Fe), E. coli (Mn) and the...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: State the amino acids which are present in the same position in at least one bacterial dismutase...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Compare the E. coli (Mn) and the mitochondrial dismutases.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.10e: The sequences of the two bacterial dismutases and the mitochondrial dismutase show a high degree...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.16a: Calculate the percentage risk of bacteria becoming resistant to more than five kinds of...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.16b: Compare the incidence of drug resistance in bacteria from chickens and egg laying hens.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.16c: Discuss the hypothesis that giving antibiotics increases antibiotic resistance in poultry bacteria.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.16d: Suggest how antibiotic-resistant bacteria are passed from animals to humans.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.17a: Distinguish between Archaea and Eukarya.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.1a(i): Outline the trends in proboscis length in soapberry bugs shown in the graph.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Suggest, giving a reason, the expected trend in the proboscis length of the soapberry bug in the...
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.2b: Define analogous characteristics using one example to illustrate your answer.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.2d: List two anatomical features that define humans as primates.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.3: Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.4a(i): State the effect of the presence of the helpers on mean chick mass.
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Calculate the percentage decrease in mean egg volume found in the presence of helpers as compared...
• 09N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: With reference to the data, suggest why the activity of the helper affects the probability of...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: State how many amino acids are in the same position in the E. coli (Fe), E. coli (Mn) and the...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: State the amino acids which are present in the same position in at least one bacterial dismutase...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Compare the E. coli (Mn) and the mitochondrial dismutases.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.1e: The sequences of the two bacterial dismutases and the mitochondrial dismutase show a high degree...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.2c: Outline how variations in specific molecules can lead to phylogeny.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.2d: Outline the value of classifying organisms.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Calculate the percentage risk of bacteria becoming resistant to more than five kinds of...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Compare the incidence of drug resistance in bacteria from chickens and egg laying hens.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Discuss the hypothesis that giving antibiotics increases antibiotic resistance in poultry bacteria.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7d: Suggest how antibiotic-resistant bacteria are passed from animals to humans.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.26: How can molluscs and platyhelminthes be distinguished? A. Molluscs are unsegmented but...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.30: To which domain does Carcharodon carcharias, a shark, belong? A. EukaryoteB. ConsumerC. FishD....
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.31: The pictures show skeletons of a frog (Conraua goliath) and of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.32: How can species of bacteria evolve to be resistant to antibiotics? I. A variation within one...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.21: Which is a coniferophyte? A. Adansonia digitata, an African baobab tree with white flowersB....
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.22: Which process promotes variation in a population? A. MutationB. MitosisC. Ageing in a...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.4a: The image shows part of a cladogram. Using the cladogram, identify one diagnostic feature that...
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Using the cladogram, identify one diagnostic feature that characterizes the given groups of...
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.4c: State the name of the domain to which these organisms belong.
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain how the process of evolution occurs.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.19: Lichens are returning to the forests of the industrial areas of the United Kingdom due to strict...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.20: Which evidence for evolution do the common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.21: What is the major contributor to the increase in antibiotic resistance in bacteria? A. Sexual...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.22: In which domain are bryophyta found? A. PlantaeB. ArchaeaC. EubacteriaD. Eukaryote
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.23: The scientific name of the Wakatobi flowerpecker is Dicaeum kuehni. Which species is most...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.19: The scientific name of the great egret has recently been changed from Casmerodius albus to Ardea...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Living organisms have been placed in three domains: archaea, eubacteria and eukaryote....
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.5b: List two types of evidence used to determine which species belong in the same clade.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.4b: Describe how variation contributes to evolution by natural selection.
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.17: A bacterial population with no resistance to an antibiotic may develop into a bacterial...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.18: An animal shows radial symmetry, has only one opening leading to a digestive cavity and is soft...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.20: A bacterial population with no resistance to an antibiotic may develop into a bacterial...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.22: Below is a phylogenetic tree of the three domains. There are important differences between the...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.23: A plant has cambium in its vascular tissue and pollen is produced in male cones. The plant...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.4a.i: State the organism most closely related to the lizards.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.4a.ii: Based on the taxa shown, deduce a difficulty in gathering data to study turtle ancestry.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.4b.i: Molecular evidence is often used to construct a cladogram. Describe one type of molecular-based...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.4b.ii: Suggest one type of additional evidence that could provide strong support for Turtles 3 as the...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.4c: Taxonomists aim to place species into genera, families and higher taxa according to their...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: Describe, using one example, how homologous structures provide evidence for evolution.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.21: What is a direct consequence of the overproduction of offspring? A. Individuals become more...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.22: The diagram represents a cladogram of the family Procyonidae. What would justify classifying...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.23: Which is a characteristic of both bryophyta and filicinophyta? A. Vascular tissue B. Membranous...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.25: The graph shows the song duration of birds from the genus Phylloscopus sampled from west to east...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.28: The photograph shows vegetation in a rocky area. Which characteristic of the plants indicates...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.9b: Explain what the branching off points represent in the cladogram of these fungi.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: State two characteristics that identify lice as members of the arthropoda. 1. 2.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.4b.ii: Some lice live in human hair and feed on blood. Shampoos that kill lice have been available for...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4b: State the name of the domain to which birds, such as the Elf owl, belong.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.20: Which of these structures is not homologous?   [Source:...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.21: What causes variation within a population? A. Fertilization and change in the environment B....
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.22: Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key, represents a reptile?
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.23: The table shows the number of differences between humans and other selected organisms for the...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.04a.ii: State two characteristics of plants from the phylum you stated in (a)(i).    
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.04a.i: State the phylum of this plant.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.06c: Cell biologists play an important role in research into disease, fertility, evolution and...

Topic 6: Human physiology

• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.20: Some egg white protein was heated until it turned solid. It was then cooled and cut into four...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.21: What is a feature of neurons?A. Relay neurons transmit impulses from motor to sensory neurons.B....
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What is a feature of the human circulatory system?A. The wall of the right ventricle of the heart...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which describes the secretion of hormones in the pancreas in response to low levels of glucose in...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.24: Which hormone shows the greatest fall in blood concentration just before menstruation?A. FSH...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.24: What are functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine?
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.25: The graph shows a correlation between the number of new cases of stomach cancer and vegetable...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.27: What is a role of the coronary arteries?A. To supply information about blood temperature to the...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.28: The image shows a section of the human respiratory system. Which letter identifies a...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What characterizes type I diabetes?A. It can be controlled by diet alone.B. Risk factors such as...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.30: What happens when human body temperature rises during exercise?A. The arterioles move closer to...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.4a: Define pathogen.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: Explain antibody production.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.4c: Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacterial diseases but not against viral diseases.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart showing the attached blood vessels.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Describe the action of the heart in pumping blood.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Nerves connecting the brain and heart contain neurons that control heart rate.  Explain how a...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart showing the attached blood vessels.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Describe the action of the heart in pumping blood.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Compare blood glucose levels after fasting in young control mice and young IKO mice without FoxO1.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (i): Estimate the difference between mean blood glucose levels in control and IKO older female...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (ii): Aging and having pregnancies are considered to be physiological stresses.  Deduce the effect of...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Outline the relationship between blood glucose levels after fasting and lack of FoxO1  in the...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: State the correlation between lack of FoxO1 and pancreatic hormones in mice.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Referring to the functions of insulin and glucagon, suggest how the differences in hormone levels...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.3d: Outline how nerve impulses are transmitted along a nerve fibre.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Bacteria are prokaryotes that sometimes act as pathogens. Describe how the body can defend itself...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.3a : State two symptoms of type II diabetes.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Define tidal volume and ventilation rate. Tidal volume:       Ventilation rate:  
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Explain the processes that control changes in ventilation rate during exercise.
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.28: What are functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine?
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.29: The graph shows a correlation between the number of new cases of stomach cancer and vegetable...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.32: What is a role of the coronary arteries? A. To supply information about blood temperature to the...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.33: What characterizes type I diabetes? A. It can be controlled by diet alone.B. Risk factors such...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What happens when human body temperature rises during exercise? A. The arterioles move closer to...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.35: What happens during synaptic transmission? A. K+ enters the postsynaptic membrane.B. A...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.36: The graph is about defence against infectious disease. What is likely to be indicated by the...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Compare blood glucose levels after fasting in young control mice and young IKO mice without FoxO1.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1b: Aging and having pregnancies are considered to be physiological stresses. Deduce the effect of...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1c: Outline the relationship between blood glucose levels after fasting and lack of FoxO1 in the mice...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: State the correlation between lack of FoxO1 and pancreatic hormones in mice.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: State which group of cells showed the least change in the mice studied.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1g: Deduce the effects of aging on the distribution of cell types in mice.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1h: A hypothesis has been suggested that diabetes is caused by β cells losing their ability to act as...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1i: When there are high blood glucose levels, more FoxO1 is found in the nucleus of the cell than in...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Active skeletal muscle requires a good supply of oxygen. Outline the mechanism of ventilation in...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Outline the symptoms of type II diabetes.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Describe the effects of training on the pulmonary system.
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.24: What structures in the small intestine transport most fats? A. Collecting ducts B....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.25: What causes heart ventricles to fill with blood? I. Atrial contraction II. Closing of...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.26: Which is the correct statement concerning HIV and AIDS? A. All HIV patients have AIDS. B. HIV...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.27: How does the hypothalamus respond to a very high body temperature? A. Increases muscle...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.28: What is a characteristic of type II diabetes? A. Insufficient insulin B. Insulin...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which two hormones promote thickening of the endometrium? A. FSH and LH B. Estrogen and FSH C....
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.30: When the left ventricle is relaxed, what is the state of the valves?
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.20: What structures in the small intestine transport most fats? A. Collecting ducts B....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.21: What causes heart ventricles to fill with blood? I. Atrial contraction II. Closing of...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.22: Which is the correct statement concerning HIV and AIDS? A. All HIV patients have AIDS. B. HIV...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.23: What happens first when a neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic neuron? A. Ions diffuse B....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.24: How does the hypothalamus respond to a very high body temperature? A. Increases muscle...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What changes take place in the thorax during inhalation?
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.2c: Outline the effectiveness of antibiotics against viruses and bacteria.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: Draw a labelled diagram showing the interconnections between the liver, gall bladder, pancreas...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Outline the role of glucagon in homeostasis of glucose.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of a motor neuron.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Explain how an impulse passes along the membrane of a neuron.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.6b: Explain how an impulse passes along the axon of a neuron.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the heart.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8b: Outline how the human body responds to high blood glucose levels.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Describe the process of blood clotting.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8b: A supply of oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration in mitochondria. Describe the...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8c: Explain the mechanism of ventilation of human lungs.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain the control of body temperature in humans.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.8b: Hormones such as FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) affect the...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.20: Which enzyme is amylase?  
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.21: What is the state of the atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves when the left ventricle contracts?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What are the conditions of the blood travelling through the pulmonary vein?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Immediately after an action potential, which event causes the neuron membrane to repolarize? A....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.24: What is a characteristic of type II diabetes? A. Liver cells are less sensitive to insulin.B....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.25: What is the function of LH (luteinizing hormone) in the menstrual cycle? A. Development of...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.19: Enzymes produced by the pancreas could pass out of the body via the anus. Which route would these...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.20: What causes the rate of heart contraction to increase or decrease? A. The heart muscle itselfB....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.21: Why do nutrient molecules enter the blood? A. Blood carries nutrients to cells.B. Blood converts...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.22: Where are structures I, II and III found in the human body?  
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.23: What initiates an action potential along a neuron? A. Potassium and sodium ions diffuse out of a...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.24: Why does shivering occur? A. The body cannot control muscles when they become cold.B. Shivering...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the function of thrombin in the process of blood clotting? A. It acts as a catalyst.B....
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: State the minimum ratio at which some mice showed no symptoms.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1b: Analyse the effect of increasing the ratio of rAChE to OP on the symptoms in mice.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Predict what would happen if a mouse received 300 mg of rAChE and 600 mg of OP.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1d: Calculate the difference in median area of synapse between the control mice and mice treated with...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: Describe the evidence for damage to synapses by OP provided by data in the box plot.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Using the data from both graphs, evaluate the hypothesis that plant-produced rAChE could be used...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Explain the relationship between structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.5c: Outline how leucocytes defend the body against pathogens.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: State the source, substrate, products and optimal pH condition for lipase in the human digestive...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Explain the mechanism of ventilation in the lungs in order to promote gas exchange for cell...
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Explain the control of body temperature in humans.
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.20: What are features of the enzyme amylase?
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.24: Why are antibiotics effective against pathogenic bacteria?A. Bacteria have a high rate of...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.25: The diagram below shows the human heart. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y and...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.23: What muscle actions cause air to be expelled from the lungs?A. Internal intercostal muscles relax...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.24: The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential during an action potential. What...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.25: Where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) produced in females and what is its function?A....
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What steps occur in blood clotting?A. Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen which then alters...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.23: What are features of the enzyme amylase?
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.26: What is dissolved in blood plasma?A. carbon dioxide, erythrocytes and plateletsB. amino acids,...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.27: The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential during an action potential. What...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.28: The diagram below shows the female reproductive system. What are the structures indicated by...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is the body’s response to low blood glucose levels?A. Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.30: The diagram below shows a motor neuron. What are the structures indicated by X, Y and Z?
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1a: Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1b: State the relationship between plasma fatty acid level and enzyme activity.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Calculate the percentage change of enzyme activity after 5 hours exposure to lipids.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1d: Discuss, using the data, whether the effect of lipids on this enzyme is reversible.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1e: Calculate the increase in glucose absorption when insulin is increased from 0 to 103 μU ml–1 for...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1f: Comment on the effect of increased insulin concentration on glucose absorption in the muscle...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: Some investigators suggest that there is a strong relationship between high lipid diet and the...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain the mechanism of ventilation in humans.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Reproduction can cause populations to increase rapidly. Draw a labelled graph showing a sigmoid...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Membranes of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons play an important role in transmission of...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: Identify, among young people aged 10–19 years, which ethnic group showed the highest rate of new...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Determine the rate of new cases of type II diabetes among children of African ethnicity aged...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Compare rates of diabetes between the two age groups studied.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: (i) Compare the relative proportions of type I and type II diabetes between the different ethnic...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: State the relationship between plasma fatty acid level and enzyme activity.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Calculate the percentage change of enzyme activity after 5 hours exposure to lipids.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Discuss, using the data, whether the effect of lipids on this enzyme is reversible.
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Comment on the effect of increased insulin concentration on glucose absorption in the muscle...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1i: Some investigators suggest that there is a strong relationship between high lipid diet and the...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.7c: Membranes of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons play an important role in transmission of...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.25: Which label represents the lacteal?  
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.26: What is the state of the atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves when the left ventricle...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What changes occur in the thorax of a mammal when the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.29: How does the body respond to an increase in body temperature? I. Vasoconstriction of skin...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.30: Oral contraceptives taken by women contain the hormone progesterone.  How does this prevent...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.28: The diagram shows a feedback pathway. Which sequence is an example of the pathway?
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What structures are indicated on the diagram?
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.30: LH causes the rupture of a follicle and release of an egg cell.  What is this process called? A....
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.13a: State the relationship between asthma and lung function.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.13b: Calculate the change in lung function of females with asthma between the ages of  11 and 26.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.13c: Compare the data for 26-year-old males and females.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.13d: Explain how the units used to measure lung function are useful in showing if a person suffers...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Outline the control mechanism for appetite in humans.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the difference in blood pressure at systole between rest and exercise before flight,...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the response of the astronauts’ cardiovascular system to exercise before the flight.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Discuss whether the cardiovascular system has to adjust to weightless conditions in space.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.5d: Explain the changes in ventilation rate during exercise.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: List two reasons for increases in the rate of clinical obesity. 1. ...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Calculate the percentage of slow (type I) muscle fibres that contain low levels of glycogen after...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: State the effect of the 3000 m programme on glycogen levels in slow (type I) muscle fibres.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4c (i): Compare the effects of the 3000 m programme with the 6000 m programme on muscle glycogen levels.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4c (ii): Suggest reasons for the differences between the 3000 m programme and the 6000m programme in their...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4d: Suggest one limitation of the data.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Outline a mechanism used to transport products of digestion from the lumen of the ileum into the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.21: Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi cells. Which of the following is most likely...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.22: Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and pulmonary artery oxygenated or deoxygenated?
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct? A. Antibodies are polypeptides. ...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.24: What will be happening in a person after eight hours of sleep? A. β cells in the pancreas will...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.25: The diagram below shows the male reproductive system. Which are the epididymis and the seminal...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.39: A process occurs in which the inside of a neuron develops a net positive charge compared with the...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Outline the role of the skin in temperature regulation.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline the unconscious control of the heart rate.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.25: Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi cells. Which of the following is most likely...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.26: Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and pulmonary artery oxygenated or deoxygenated?
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.27: Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct? A. Antibodies are polypeptides. ...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What normally prevents the membranes of the alveoli from sticking together during expiration? A....
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.29: Which words from the table below complete the sentence correctly? In the pancreas, _____I___...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.9: Which organs are associated with the transformation of glucose into glycogen? A. 1 and 4 B. 2...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.10: Which structure produces lipase? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.13: Between which structures do sensory neurons carry nerve impulses? A. From receptors to muscles ...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.27: Which vessel directly supplies the heart muscle with blood? A. The aorta B. The pulmonary...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: State one symptom of type II diabetes.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.3c: Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a (i): State which activity reduces backflow speed in relation to the control.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a (ii): Suggest a reason why backflow speed is reduced by the activity stated in (a)(i).
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Determine the difference in backflow speed between the lying position and pedal exercise.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: Discuss the benefits of exercising to promote high backflow speed.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.3a: Outline the mechanisms involved in the control of heartbeat.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.3b: Explain how the direction of blood flow in the heart is controlled.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Outline the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: Describe the importance of hydrolysis in digestion.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: Outline what is meant by homeostasis.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.8b: Describe how body temperature is maintained in humans.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3a (i): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs hormones.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3a (ii): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs carbon dioxide.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3b: Describe three features of alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3c: Explain how the structure of capillaries relates to their functions.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline the digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins in humans.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.19: What is the condition of the valves of the heart when the right ventricle is contracting?
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.20: What effect does HIV have on the immune system? A. It prevents leucocytes from fighting bacteria...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.21: What is a feature of alveoli? A. They occur in all animals because they are needed for gas...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What is a characteristic of axons in motor neurons? A. When there is a resting potential, the...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which response takes place when blood glucose levels are low? A. Glucagon is released from the α...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.24: During the menstrual cycle, what occurs in response to a fall in the progesterone level? A....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.35: Which reaction during blood clotting is catalysed by the enzyme thrombin? A. Soluble fibrin to...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.19: What is an important function of the lacteal in the villus? A. Secretion of mucus B. Secretion...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.20: Which blood vessel directly supplies oxygen to the heart muscle? A. Aorta B. Coronary artery C....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.21: What is a long-term effect of HIV on the immune system? A. Increase in leucocytes B. Reduction...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.22: The diagram shows the ventilation system in humans. What is the function of the structure...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.23: Which of the following are controlled by homeostasis? I. Blood pH II. Water balance III. Blood...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.24: Which of the following help to control body temperature on a very hot day? I. Shivering II....
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.38: The diagram shows the adult female reproductive system. Which label shows the cervix and which...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.24: What is a consequence of AIDS? A. Excess production of lymphocytes to help fight disease B....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.26: Which of the following are controlled by homeostasis? I. Blood pH II. Water balance III. Blood...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.28: What is an important function of the lacteal in the villus? A. Secretion of mucus B. Secretion...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.29: How is epinephrine (adrenaline) carried to the pacemaker of the heart and what effect does it...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.30: What is a function of LH (luteinizing hormone)? A. It stimulates the release of an egg from the...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.24: The diagram below shows the human digestive system. In which parts of the digestive system are...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.27: What is a similarity between arteries and capillaries? A. They both have elastic tissue. B. They...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Describe the importance of hydrolysis in digestion.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7a: Outline what is meant by homeostasis.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: Describe how body temperature is maintained in humans.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the need for a ventilation system and the mechanism of ventilation of the lungs in humans.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.4a (iii): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs oxygen.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Discuss the ethical issues surrounding IVF.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Outline the principle of immunity.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Draw a labelled diagram of the adult female reproductive system.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline the roles of progesterone and estrogen in the human menstrual cycle
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the heart showing the chambers, associated blood vessels and valves.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.19: Which of the following parts of the digestive system secrete proteases?
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.20: Why are antibiotics effective against bacteria but not viruses? A. Viruses can hide inside host...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.21: The diagram below represents the homeostatic control of body temperature. What does the part...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the male reproductive system?
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.5: Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: Explain how the structure of a villus in the small intestine is related to its function.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.8a: Draw a labelled diagram of the adult male reproductive system.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ1.8c: Discuss the ethical issues associated with IVF.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Describe the relationship between the structure and function of blood vessels.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Explain the mechanisms involved in the ventilation of the lungs.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.13: Which structure releases glucagon? A. α cells of the pancreasB. β cells of the pancreasC. Liver...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.14: Which muscle action is associated with an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity when...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.16: Which of the following describes arteries? A. They have thick muscular walls.B. They usually...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.17: What is the main function of the large intestine? A. Absorption of waterB. Digestion of fats and...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.27: What feature of alveoli adapts them to efficient gas exchange? A. They have muscles which pump...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.28: On the diagram of the motor neurone shown below, which label identifies a dendrite?
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.30: What is the correct sequence of events used in IVF?
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.16: Which event directly leads to an action potential? A. Fusion of vesicles with the pre-synaptic...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.18: Which term describes a molecule capable of triggering an immune response? A. AntibodyB....
• 09M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What is placed into the uterus after the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF)? A. EggsB....
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Blood is a liquid tissue containing glucose, urea, plasma proteins and other components. List the...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline how the human body prevents blood glucose concentration from rising excessively.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2d (i): The graphs below show the normal menstrual cycle. Predict, with a reason, how the graphs will...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2d (ii): List two roles of testosterone in males.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Describe how pancreatic cells directly affect blood glucose levels.
• 10M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain why diabetes could be detected through the analysis of urine.
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.24: Which of the following is correct for lipase?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.25: What processes occur during assimilation and absorption of lipids?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.26: The diagram below shows the human heart. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y and Z?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.27: What are two effects of HIV on the immune system? A. Reduction in antibody production and...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.28: What is the function of the structure labelled X? A. Gas exchange B. Ventilation C....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What are causes of type I and type II diabetes?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.30: In the diagram of synaptic transmission below, what is indicated by the letters X and Y?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.24: Which feature increases the absorption of glucose in the small intestine? A. Villi B. Lacteal C....
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.25: What is a correct pathway for blood flowing through the heart? A. right atrium, tricuspid valve,...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.26: Why are antibiotics effective against bacteria? A. They can produce specific antibodies. B. They...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.27: Which of the following features of the alveoli adapt them to gaseous exchange? I. Single layer...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.28: What is an effect of the HIV virus on the immune system? A. Reduction of the number of...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What happens to the external and internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm when inhaling?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.30: Which of the following is/are a role of testosterone in males? I. Pre-natal development of male...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: Identify hormones I and II. I:...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Outline the roles of FSH in the menstrual cycle.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. During pregnancy, FSH secretion is inhibited. Suggest how...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: The pumping of blood is a vital process. Explain the roles of the atria and ventricles in the...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Explain how the structure of an artery allows it to carry out its function efficiently.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: Plants store carbohydrate in the form of starch. Explain the reasons for starch being digested by...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1d (i): Identify which ion the moths are retaining in their body from the laboratory solutions.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1d (ii): Compare the gain and loss of ions in the male moths which have drunk from laboratory solutions...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.1e: The diagram below shows the digestive system anatomy of the male and female moth. Using the...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: Describe the need for a ventilation system in humans.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.4c: Sketch the hormone changes between days 13 and 28 on the graphs below for a woman in her normal...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Explain the importance of enzymes to human digestion.
• 10M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Explain how an impulse passes along the membrane of a neuron.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.21: What prevents antibiotics from being effective against viruses? A. Viruses have a high rate of...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which muscles contract to cause air to pass into the lungs through the trachea? A. Internal...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.24: The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential during an action potential. What occurs...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.25: What are the roles of testosterone in males? A. Stimulation of FSH production and growth in...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.35: What occurs during the blood clotting process? A. Prothrombin is converted into thrombin which...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.21: What is a role of the pacemaker or sinoatrial node (SAN)? A. To initiate contraction of the...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.24: The diagram below shows water in the human body. Where in the digestive system is the largest...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.24: Colonic irrigation involves regularly flushing the large intestine with water. Why should this...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.25: Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?A. Vena cavaB. Coronary...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.26: What role does the medulla of the brain have in controlling heart rate?A. To secrete adrenaline...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.27: Which is a long-term effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the immune system?A....
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.28: During expiration, how does air pressure in the lungs compare with atmospheric pressure?A. Lung...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Where do motor neurons conduct impulses from and to?A. From effectors to the central nervous...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What are increasing levels of progesterone responsible for during the female menstrual cycle?A....
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.24: What route does blood follow to supply oxygen to heart muscle?A. pulmonary vein → left atrium →...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.26: What stimulates the production of antibodies?A. AIDSB. AntibioticsC. AnticodonsD. Antigens
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.27: What change occurs to the pressure and volume of the lungs when the external intercostal muscles...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.28: The graph below shows changes in membrane potential in an axon during the passage of an action...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is a role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?A. Monitoring body temperatureB. Monitoring...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is the sequence of operations during IVF treatment?A. egg collection → FSH injections →...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.20: The diagram below shows parts of the human digestive system. Which points are linked by the...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.24: What is the consequence of insufficient secretion of FSH in women?A. Embryo implantation fails...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1a (i): State the maximum number of stem cells per ml blood in the control mice.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1a (ii): Determine the number of hours of light needed to release the maximum number of stem cells in...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Distinguish between the trends shown in the number of stem cells per ml blood by the mice...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Other studies suggest that a greater number of blood stem cells for transplantation may be...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Explain how the amount of mRNA for CXCL12 gives an indication of the amount of protein CXCL12...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Compare the effect of isoprenaline and clenbuterol with the normal release of stem cells and the...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 f (i): Outline the effect of CXCL12 inhibition on the incidence of diabetes.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 f (ii): Suggest how the breakdown of CXCL12 in the bone marrow may be related to diabetes.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 g: Evaluate the possible use of isoprenaline in the treatment of diabetes.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 h: Research is being conducted into treatment for diabetes based on stem cells. Discuss the ethical...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.3 b: Hemophilia is a disorder where the ability to control blood clotting or coagulation is impaired....
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.5 a: Draw a labelled diagram of the digestive system.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.6 c: Outline the hormonal control of birth.
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.27: Where does most assimilation take place? A. In cells B. In the mouth C. In the small intestine...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.28: What is the role of the pacemaker (SAN)? A. It controls the release of epinephrine...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.29: What occurs during the process of ventilation? A. Contraction of external intercostal muscles...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.30: Which term describes the phase of rapid entry of sodium ions (Na+) into an axon during an action...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2a (i): Label the diagram to show the structure that is involved in digestion of proteins in acid...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2a (ii): Label the diagram to show the structure where most absorption of water to prevent dehydration...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2a (iii): Label the diagram to show the structure where most absorption of nutrients occurs (using the...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2b (i): Explain how the structure of veins is adapted to their function. 
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2b (ii): Cells defend the body against pathogens. Outline how some of these cells ingest pathogens in the...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: Distinguish between ventilation, gas exchange and cell respiration.
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.25: Between which structures do sensory neurons carry nerve impulses? A. From effectors to the...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.27: Which of the following is a characteristic of type I but not type II diabetes? A. β cells in the...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.28: Which hormone triggers ovulation? A. FSH B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. LH
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is the structure labelled X? A. Right ventricle B. Right atrium C. Left atrium D. Left...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is a role of the coronary arteries? A. To transport oxygen from the lungs directly to the...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: State the surfactant that contains the least amount of phospholipids.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Compare the composition of natural human surfactant with synthetic surfactants.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Phospholipids found in the surfactants form a surface film on the moist lining of the alveoli....
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Identify the effect of increasing the concentration of synthetic surfactant A on the growth of GBS.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Compare the effect of the three surfactants, synthetic surfactants A and B and the modified human...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Using all the data provided, evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of proteins in surfactants...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.18: What is the direction of flow of oxygenated blood during a heartbeat? A. left atrium →...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.19: What are antibodies? A. Organisms or viruses that cause diseaseB. Drugs used to treat bacterial...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.20: The diagram shows events at a synapse. What is happening at the point labelled X? A....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.21: What is a feature of type I diabetes but not type II diabetes? A. Target cells become...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.22: The concentration of which hormone peaks sharply triggering ovulation? A. FSHB. LHC. EstrogenD....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.23: The diagram shows a section through the male reproductive system. Which structure represents the...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.36: Formation of a blood clot by damaged tissue involves the series of steps outlined in the...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Describe the digestion of food in the human digestive system.          
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Outline the control of the heartbeat by the nervous and endocrine systems.    
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Explain the principles of synaptic transmission.    
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.7: Which element or ion is required for transmission of a nerve impulse? A. Phosphorous B. Sodium...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.25: A structure has a thin epithelium of one cell layer and contains a lacteal and blood capillaries....
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.26: Which statement describes the movements of the rib cage during inhalation of air? A. External...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: Outline why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: State four molecules transported by the blood.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline the control of the heartbeat.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of AIDS.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.1a(ii): The activity of α-amylase was tested at successive concentrations of gibberellin. Determine the...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.3a: Define the term passive immunity.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.3c: Define the term pathogen.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.3d: Outline why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of AIDS.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.16d: Suggest how antibiotic-resistant bacteria are passed from animals to humans.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Deduce from where in the human digestive system this enzyme was extracted.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: Outline the need for enzymes in the digestive system.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.3c: State one function of the large intestine.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.3d: Explain how the structure of the villus is adapted for absorption.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: The diagram below shows the female reproductive system. Label the diagram above with the...
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Outline the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) after ovulation.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the human ventilation system.
• 09N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain the concept of homeostasis, using the control of blood sugar as an example.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the percentage increase between mean blood insulin levels in IDE + /+ mice and those in...
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Explain the difference in blood insulin concentrations between the two groups of mice.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Distinguish between the response of the two groups of mice to the injection of glucose.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Deduce, with a reason, whether transgenic IDE −/− mice are an appropriate model of type II diabetes.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Explain the reason for the differences in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake between control mice...
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Distinguish between the effects of insulin alone and exercise alone on glucose uptake in skeletal...
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Evaluate, using the data, whether exercise would be an appropriate therapy for human patients...
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: State which cells secrete insulin and the organ in which they are located. Cells: Organ:
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1i: State the name of one hormone other than insulin involved in the regulation of blood glucose.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.2c: Discuss how the HIV virus is transmitted.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.2d: Explain why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.
• 09N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Explain how nerve impulses are transmitted along and between neurons.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7d: Suggest how antibiotic-resistant bacteria are passed from animals to humans.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.7e: Outline the mechanism of the action of antibiotics.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: Outline the reasons for increasing rates of clinical obesity in some countries.
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.16: What is the mechanism of sodium-potassium pumps in neurons that generates a resting potential by...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.33: What happens to starch in the small intestine? A. Endopeptidase secreted by the liver digests...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.34: In which process is “surface area” of key importance for humans? A. Reabsorption of glucose in...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which discovery was an indication that the heart pumps blood to the body through arteries? A....
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.36: Which is a valid comparison between arteries and veins?    
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.37: Which statement is true for the antibiotic penicillin? A. Watson and Crick developed the usage...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.25: The diagram shows the layers of the tissues in a transverse section of the human small...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.28: The diagram shows changes of pressure during the cardiac cycle.   Which is an explanation of...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.30: How can knowledge about the pineal gland function be applied? A. To restore sleep time by the...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1a: State the highest mean concentration of blood glucose in the mice with...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Outline the cause of type I diabetes in humans.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Compare and contrast the concentration of blood glucose resulting from the embryonic stem cell...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Evaluate the effectiveness of the embryonic stem cell treatment in controlling blood glucose.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Compare and contrast the results of the treatment on group 1 with the results of the treatment on...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2a: (i) Using the nomogram, state the lower weight limit for a woman with the height...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2c: Describe how the hormone leptin helps to prevent obesity.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.3a: The image shows a transverse section of an intestinal wall at 100 x magnification. Identify...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.3b: All motor neurons use acetylcholine to activate skeletal muscle. Explain the effect of...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.3c: Resistance to neonicotinoid pesticides has been observed in some insects....
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain the propagation of electrical impulses along a neuron including the role of myelin.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.24: What is the main method of transport of monosaccharides such as fructose across the intestinal...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.25: What is the position of heart valves when blood pressure is highest in the aorta?
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.26: Why is penicillin not used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A. HIV...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.27: What is the purpose of pulmonary surfactant? A. Promotes capillary growthB. Decreases surface...
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.28: Which conditions are correct for inspiration?
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which hormone controls circadian rhythms? A. ThyroxinB. MelatoninC. LeptinD. Glucagon
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.30: Which is a negative feedback mechanism in the menstrual cycle? A. Follicle stimulating hormone...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.22: In Florey and Chain’s experiment, eight mice were infected with lethal doses of Streptococcus...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.24: The decline in European honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations may be linked to neonicotinoid...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the exchange of materials between capillaries and tissues.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Explain the structures and functions of arteries and veins.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Describe what happens in alveoli.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.2a: The image is an electron micrograph of the lining of the small intestine. (i) Label the...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Explain how circulation of the blood to the lungs and to other systems is separated in humans and...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.24: The diagram below shows part of the membrane of a neuron. What stage of the action potential does...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.21: Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which organ in the human body secretes lipase, amylase and protease? A. Pancreas B. Liver C....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.27: Which hormone promotes the thickening of the endometrium and also inhibits the hormone that...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.25: The graph shows the changes in blood glucose concentration of an untreated patient with type I...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.25: Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft from the presynaptic neuron and travel to...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.26: In which blood vessel connected to the heart does blood have the lowest carbon dioxide...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.28: The diagram shows the male reproductive organs in front view. Which structures are indicated...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What helps to keep blood flowing onwards away from the heart in an artery? A. Valves B. Elastic...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.30: Pancreatic gland cells produce and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. Which organelles...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: Explain how the small intestine moves, digests and absorbs food.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: Outline how leptin controls appetite.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6b: Outline how antibiotics offer protection from certain forms of infectious disease.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Calculate the difference in ventilation rate between resting and exercising.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: Explain the change in the tidal volume during exercise.
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.24: Which is a process occurring in the small intestine? 
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.25: What is a feature of the left atrium? A. Epinephrine decreases its rate of contraction. B. It...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.26: The diagram shows the human heart. Which shows the sequence of blood flow in the heart? A....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.28: Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? A. In type I pneumocytes B. In the bronchioles C....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.29: If schizophrenia is caused by an overabundance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.31: Where does the digestion of polypeptides start in humans? A. Mouth B. Esophagus C. Stomach D....
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.32: Where is absorption of digested food carried out? I. Villi II. Pancreas III. Small...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.34: The graph shows the ventilation rate and the oxygen consumption of a subject before, during and...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.35: What is essential for conduction of nerve impulses to be saltatory? A. Wrapping of myelin around...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.36: If schizophrenia is caused by an overabundance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1a.i: State the significance of the statement: p<0.05.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1a.ii: Outline the trends in capillary density in the results of this experiment.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.i: State the time when the point of fatigue occurred in the Epi–exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.ii: Compare and contrast the results for the water–no exercise group and the Epi–no exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1d: Discuss the effect of exercise on the results of the experiment.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: Glands are organs that secrete and release particular chemical substances. Melatonin is an...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.5c: Some blood proteins are involved in defence against infectious disease. Explain the roles of...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c: Explain the roles of specific hormones in the menstrual cycle, including positive and negative...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: Distinguish between the effect of leptin injection on 24 hour food intake in the mice fed the...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Discuss the implications of these results for recommending leptin injections as an appetite...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3c.i: State the tissue that produces leptin in humans.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3c.ii: State the target that leptin normally acts on.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.25: The diagram shows red blood cells and undifferentiated tissue cells. [Source: © International...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.26: What is a characteristic of antigens? A. They recognize foreign substances B. They are produced...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.27: What can protect the body from blood loss? A. Antibodies B. Fibrin C. Histamines D. Hemophilia
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.28: Which structure in the motor neuron is required for saltatory conduction? [Source:...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which hormone inhibits appetite? A. Epinephrine B. Leptin C. Thyroxin D. Glucagon
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is the name and source of the hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate?
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01a: State the level of COPD that has the lowest FEV.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01b: Explain how a low FEV can be used to indicate emphysema.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01c: State the disease severity group that has the highest range of plasma desmosines.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01d: Evaluate which of the two biomarkers would be the most useful indicator of COPD severity.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01e: Elastin is also an important component of other tissues such as arteries and ligaments. Evaluate...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01f: State the relationship between diffusion capacity and urine desmosines.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01g: Other studies on pulmonary diseases have shown a wide variety of results. Apart from age, sex and...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01h: Discuss whether measurements of desmosine concentration would be useful for monitoring changes in...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.02b: Rotavirus causes diarrhea and vomiting. Explain why viral diseases cannot be treated using...
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.05b: Discuss the roles of the enzymes secreted by the pancreas during digestion.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.06b: Explain how hormones are used to control the human menstrual cycle.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01a: Outline the effect of hypoxia on body mass and erythrocyte percentage.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01b: Using the data in the graph, deduce whether hypoxia increases or decreases the endurance of the...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01c: Using the data presented in this question, explain the effect of hypoxia on the body.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.i: Analyse the graph to obtain two conclusions about the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps.    
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.ii: Muscle fibres are stimulated to contract by the binding of acetylcholine to receptors in their...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01e.i: Outline the effect of hypoxia on the force of contraction of the diaphragm.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01e.ii: Hypoxia caused a 13 % increase in the surface area to volume ratio of the diaphragm. Suggest a...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01f: Using all relevant data in the question, evaluate the effectiveness of the rats’ adaptation to...
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01g: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using rats as models in this investigation.
• 17N.2.HL.TZ0.02c: State the role of plasma cells in the immune system.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.03b: Distinguish between the vein and the artery with reference to structures visible in the micrograph.
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.23: Which type of cell is specialized to facilitate gas exchange? A. Type I pneumocytes B. Type II...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.24: What happens when an action potential reaches motor end plates? A. Calcium ions are absorbed by...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.25: The graph shows changes in an individual’s blood glucose concentration over time. What...