Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3 |
Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
Command term | State | Question number | 3 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
In an experiment to determine the effect of diet on response to leptin, mice were fed a control diet or a high fructose diet for six months and then either injected with a saline (salt) solution or injected with leptin. The food intake of both groups was then monitored over a 24 hour period.
Leptin is a hormone. Hormones are chemicals produced in one part of the body that have an effect in another part of the body.
Distinguish between the effect of leptin injection on 24 hour food intake in the mice fed the control diet and in the mice fed the high fructose diet.
Discuss the implications of these results for recommending leptin injections as an appetite suppressant for humans.
State the tissue that produces leptin in humans.
State the target that leptin normally acts on.
Markscheme
no effect with fructose diet but «statistically significant» reduction in control
a. effectiveness/effect of leptin depends on diet OWTTE
b. «if obese people/humans have a» high fructose diet, then it will not suppress appetite
c. «for obese people/humans with a» control/low fructose diet, then it will suppress appetite
d. results for mice may not be the same for humans OWTTE
adipose/fat tissue
hypothalamus
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.25: The graph shows changes in an individual’s blood glucose concentration over time. What...
- 17N.2.SL.TZ0.06b: Explain how hormones are used to control the human menstrual cycle.
- 17N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is the name and source of the hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate?
- 17N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which hormone inhibits appetite? A. Epinephrine B. Leptin C. Thyroxin D. Glucagon
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3c.ii: State the target that leptin normally acts on.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Discuss the implications of these results for recommending leptin injections as an appetite...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: Distinguish between the effect of leptin injection on 24 hour food intake in the mice fed the...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c: Explain the roles of specific hormones in the menstrual cycle, including positive and...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: Glands are organs that secrete and release particular chemical substances. Melatonin is an...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: Outline how leptin controls appetite.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ1.25: The graph shows the changes in blood glucose concentration of an untreated patient with type...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.30: Pancreatic gland cells produce and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. Which...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.28: The diagram shows the male reproductive organs in front view. Which structures are...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.27: Which hormone promotes the thickening of the endometrium and also inhibits the hormone that...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2c: Describe how the hormone leptin helps to prevent obesity.
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Compare and contrast the results of the treatment on group 1 with the results of the...
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Evaluate the effectiveness of the embryonic stem cell treatment in controlling blood glucose.
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Compare and contrast the concentration of blood glucose resulting from the embryonic stem...
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Outline the cause of type I diabetes in humans.
- 16M.2.HL.TZ0.1a: State the highest mean concentration of blood glucose in the mice with...
- 16N.1.SL.TZ0.30: Which is a negative feedback mechanism in the menstrual cycle? A. Follicle stimulating...
- 16N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which hormone controls circadian rhythms? A. ThyroxinB. MelatoninC. LeptinD. Glucagon
- 16M.1.SL.TZ0.30: How can knowledge about the pineal gland function be applied? A. To restore sleep time by...
- 15M.1.HL.TZ1.23: Which describes the secretion of hormones in the pancreas in response to low levels of...
- 15M.1.HL.TZ1.24: Which hormone shows the greatest fall in blood concentration just before menstruation?A. FSH...
- 15M.1.SL.TZ2.30: What happens when human body temperature rises during exercise?A. The arterioles move closer...
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (i): Estimate the difference between mean blood glucose levels in control and IKO older female...
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Compare blood glucose levels after fasting in young control mice and young IKO mice without...
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1b (ii): Aging and having pregnancies are considered to be physiological stresses. Deduce the effect...
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Outline the relationship between blood glucose levels after fasting and lack of FoxO1 in the...
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: State the correlation between lack of FoxO1 and pancreatic hormones in mice.
- 15M.2.SL.TZ1.1f: Referring to the functions of insulin and glucagon, suggest how the differences in hormone...
- 15M.3.SL.TZ2.3a : State two symptoms of type II diabetes.
- 15M.1.HL.TZ2.34: What happens when human body temperature rises during exercise? A. The arterioles move...
- 15M.1.HL.TZ2.33: What characterizes type I diabetes? A. It can be controlled by diet alone.B. Risk factors...
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Compare blood glucose levels after fasting in young control mice and young IKO mice without...
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: State which group of cells showed the least change in the mice studied.
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1g: Deduce the effects of aging on the distribution of cell types in mice.
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1h: A hypothesis has been suggested that diabetes is caused by β cells losing their ability to...
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1b: Aging and having pregnancies are considered to be physiological stresses. Deduce the effect...
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1c: Outline the relationship between blood glucose levels after fasting and lack of FoxO1 in the...
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: State the correlation between lack of FoxO1 and pancreatic hormones in mice.
- 15M.2.HL.TZ1.1i: When there are high blood glucose levels, more FoxO1 is found in the nucleus of the cell than...
- 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Outline the symptoms of type II diabetes.
- 15M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes.
- 15N.1.SL.TZ0.27: How does the hypothalamus respond to a very high body temperature? A. Increases muscle...
- 15N.1.SL.TZ0.28: What is a characteristic of type II diabetes? A. Insufficient insulin B. Insulin...
- 15N.1.SL.TZ0.29: Which two hormones promote thickening of the endometrium? A. FSH and LH B. Estrogen and...
- 15N.1.HL.TZ0.24: How does the hypothalamus respond to a very high body temperature? A. Increases muscle...
- 15N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Outline the role of glucagon in homeostasis of glucose.
- 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8b: Outline how the human body responds to high blood glucose levels.
- 13M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain the control of body temperature in humans.
- 13M.2.HL.TZ2.8b: Hormones such as FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) affect the...
- 13M.1.HL.TZ1.24: What is a characteristic of type II diabetes? A. Liver cells are less sensitive to...
- 13M.1.HL.TZ1.25: What is the function of LH (luteinizing hormone) in the menstrual cycle? A. Development of...
- 13M.1.HL.TZ2.24: Why does shivering occur? A. The body cannot control muscles when they become cold.B....
- 13M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Explain the control of body temperature in humans.
- 13N.1.HL.TZ0.25: Where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) produced in females and what is its function?A....
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1b: State the relationship between plasma fatty acid level and enzyme activity.
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1f: Comment on the effect of increased insulin concentration on glucose absorption in the muscle...
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Calculate the percentage change of enzyme activity after 5 hours exposure to lipids.
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1i: Some investigators suggest that there is a strong relationship between high lipid diet and...
- 13N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is the body’s response to low blood glucose levels?A. Alpha cells in the pancreas...
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: (i) Compare the relative proportions of type I and type II diabetes between the different...
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: State the relationship between plasma fatty acid level and enzyme activity.
- 13N.1.SL.TZ0.28: The diagram below shows the female reproductive system. What are the structures indicated...
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1a: Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Calculate the percentage change of enzyme activity after 5 hours exposure to lipids.
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1d: Discuss, using the data, whether the effect of lipids on this enzyme is reversible.
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1e: Calculate the increase in glucose absorption when insulin is increased from 0 to 103 μU ml–1...
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.1g: Some investigators suggest that there is a strong relationship between high lipid diet and...
- 13N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Reproduction can cause populations to increase rapidly. Draw a labelled graph showing a...
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: Identify, among young people aged 10–19 years, which ethnic group showed the highest rate of...
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Determine the rate of new cases of type II diabetes among children of African ethnicity aged...
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Compare rates of diabetes between the two age groups studied.
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Discuss, using the data, whether the effect of lipids on this enzyme is reversible.
- 13N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Comment on the effect of increased insulin concentration on glucose absorption in the muscle...
- 13M.1.SL.TZ1.29: How does the body respond to an increase in body temperature? I. Vasoconstriction of skin...
- 13M.1.SL.TZ1.30: Oral contraceptives taken by women contain the hormone progesterone. How does this prevent...
- 13M.1.SL.TZ2.28: The diagram shows a feedback pathway. Which sequence is an example of the pathway?
- 13M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What structures are indicated on the diagram?
- 13M.1.SL.TZ2.30: LH causes the rupture of a follicle and release of an egg cell. What is this process...
- 13M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Outline the control mechanism for appetite in humans.
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: List two reasons for increases in the rate of clinical obesity. 1. ...
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Calculate the percentage of slow (type I) muscle fibres that contain low levels of glycogen...
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4c (i): Compare the effects of the 3000 m programme with the 6000 m programme on muscle glycogen levels.
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4c (ii): Suggest reasons for the differences between the 3000 m programme and the 6000m programme in...
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4d: Suggest one limitation of the data.
- 13M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: State the effect of the 3000 m programme on glycogen levels in slow (type I) muscle fibres.
- 11M.1.HL.TZ1.24: What will be happening in a person after eight hours of sleep? A. β cells in the pancreas...
- 11M.1.HL.TZ1.25: The diagram below shows the male reproductive system. Which are the epididymis and the...
- 11M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: Outline the role of the skin in temperature regulation.
- 11M.1.SL.TZ1.29: Which words from the table below complete the sentence correctly? In the pancreas, _____I___...
- 11M.3.SL.TZ1.3c: Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes.
- 11M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: State one symptom of type II diabetes.
- 11M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
- 12M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: Outline what is meant by homeostasis.
- 12M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Outline the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
- 12M.2.HL.TZ1.8b: Describe how body temperature is maintained in humans.
- 12M.1.HL.TZ2.38: The diagram shows the adult female reproductive system. Which label shows the cervix and...
- 12M.1.HL.TZ2.23: Which of the following are controlled by homeostasis? I. Blood pH II. Water balance III....
- 12M.1.HL.TZ2.24: Which of the following help to control body temperature on a very hot day? I. Shivering II....
- 12M.1.SL.TZ2.26: Which of the following are controlled by homeostasis? I. Blood pH II. Water balance III....
- 12M.1.SL.TZ2.30: What is a function of LH (luteinizing hormone)? A. It stimulates the release of an egg from...
- 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7b: Describe how body temperature is maintained in humans.
- 12M.2.SL.TZ1.7a: Outline what is meant by homeostasis.
- 09M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Discuss the ethical issues surrounding IVF.
- 09M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: Draw a labelled diagram of the adult female reproductive system.
- 09M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline the roles of progesterone and estrogen in the human menstrual cycle
- 09M.1.HL.TZ1.21: The diagram below represents the homeostatic control of body temperature. What does the part...
- 09M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the male reproductive system?
- 09M.2.SL.TZ1.5: Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.
- 09M.2.SL.TZ1.8a: Draw a labelled diagram of the adult male reproductive system.
- 09M.2.SL.TZ1.8c: Discuss the ethical issues associated with IVF.
- 09M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What is placed into the uterus after the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF)? A. EggsB....
- 09M.1.SL.TZ1.30: What is the correct sequence of events used in IVF?
- 09M.1.HL.TZ2.13: Which structure releases glucagon? A. α cells of the pancreasB. β cells of the pancreasC....
- 10M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline how the human body prevents blood glucose concentration from rising excessively.
- 10M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Describe how pancreatic cells directly affect blood glucose levels.
- 10M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain why diabetes could be detected through the analysis of urine.
- 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2d (i): The graphs below show the normal menstrual cycle. Predict, with a reason, how the graphs...
- 10M.2.HL.TZ2.2d (ii): List two roles of testosterone in males.
- 10M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What are causes of type I and type II diabetes?
- 10M.1.SL.TZ2.30: Which of the following is/are a role of testosterone in males? I. Pre-natal development of...
- 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Outline the roles of FSH in the menstrual cycle.
- 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3c: FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. During pregnancy, FSH secretion is inhibited. Suggest...
- 10M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: Identify hormones I and II. I:...
- 10M.2.SL.TZ2.4c: Sketch the hormone changes between days 13 and 28 on the graphs below for a woman in her...
- 10M.1.HL.TZ1.25: What are the roles of testosterone in males? A. Stimulation of FSH production and growth in...
- 10M.2.SL.TZ2.7c: Explain how an impulse passes along the membrane of a neuron.
- 09N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is a role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?A. Monitoring body temperatureB. Monitoring...
- 09N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is the sequence of operations during IVF treatment?A. egg collection → FSH injections →...
- 09N.1.HL.TZ0.24: What is the consequence of insufficient secretion of FSH in women?A. Embryo implantation...
- 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 h: Research is being conducted into treatment for diabetes based on stem cells. Discuss the...
- 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 f (i): Outline the effect of CXCL12 inhibition on the incidence of diabetes.
- 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 f (ii): Suggest how the breakdown of CXCL12 in the bone marrow may be related to diabetes.
- 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1 g: Evaluate the possible use of isoprenaline in the treatment of diabetes.
- 11N.2.HL.TZ0.6 c: Outline the hormonal control of birth.
- 11N.1.SL.TZ0.28: Which hormone triggers ovulation? A. FSH B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. LH
- 11N.1.SL.TZ0.27: Which of the following is a characteristic of type I but not type II diabetes? A. β cells in...
- 12N.1.HL.TZ0.22: The concentration of which hormone peaks sharply triggering ovulation? A. FSHB. LHC....
- 12N.1.HL.TZ0.21: What is a feature of type I diabetes but not type II diabetes? A. Target cells become...
- 12N.1.HL.TZ0.23: The diagram shows a section through the male reproductive system. Which structure represents...
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1f: Distinguish between the effects of insulin alone and exercise alone on glucose uptake in...
- 09N.2.SL.TZ0.4b: Outline the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) after ovulation.
- 09N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain the concept of homeostasis, using the control of blood sugar as an example.
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the percentage increase between mean blood insulin levels in IDE + /+ mice and...
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Explain the difference in blood insulin concentrations between the two groups of mice.
- 10N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Deduce, with a reason, whether transgenic IDE −/− mice are an appropriate model of type II...
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: State which cells secrete insulin and the organ in which they are located. Cells: Organ:
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1i: State the name of one hormone other than insulin involved in the regulation of blood glucose.
- 09N.2.SL.TZ0.4a: The diagram below shows the female reproductive system. Label the diagram above with the...
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Distinguish between the response of the two groups of mice to the injection of glucose.
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Evaluate, using the data, whether exercise would be an appropriate therapy for human patients...
- 09N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Explain the reason for the differences in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake between control...
- 09N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: Outline the reasons for increasing rates of clinical obesity in some countries.