Define the term clade.

Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures, giving an example of each.

The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus sign (+) indicates that the animal has this characteristic while a minus sign (–) indicates that the characteristic is absent.

Based on the features above, a student constructed a cladogram. State the names of the organisms missing in the following cladogram.

a group of related organisms sharing a common ancestor / a group of organisms containing an ancestor and all of its descendants / OWTTE

homologous structures evolved from a common ancestor while analogous structures did not;
example of homologous and example of analogous; (both needed)

Two correct labels for [1].

Many were able to get mark for the definition of clade but others were omitting the idea of common ancestry.

This was fairly well done with many getting both marks. The most common example used for homologous structure was the pentadactyl limb with various examples for analogous structures such as insect and bird wings.

Virtually all candidates were able complete the cladogram for 2 marks.