| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17N.2.SL.TZ0.04 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Outline | Question number | 04 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The diagram shows a leaf from Dryopteris arguta.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E20161208-0001%E2%80%94Dryopteris_arguta_(Reverse)%E2%80%94RPBG_(30698925004).jpg, E20161208-0001—Dryopteris arguta (Reverse)—RPBG Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/john_d_rusk/30698925004/ Author: John Rusk from Berkeley, CA, United States of America, licensed under Creative Commons licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode]
State the phylum of this plant.
State two characteristics of plants from the phylum you stated in (a)(i).
Outline why the number of trophic levels is limited in a food chain.
Markscheme
Filicinophyta/Filicinophytes/Pteridophytes
Reject “ferns”
a. have roots, stem and leaves
All three, roots, stem and leaves required
b. pinnate leaves/leaves divided «repeatedly» into leaflets
c. have vascular tissue/xylem and phloem
d. produce spores/sporangia
OR
no flowers/fruits/seeds
[Max 2 Marks]
energy losses between trophic levels
OR
only part of the energy in one trophic level will become part of the next trophic level
