DP Geography Questionbank

State the three components that are used to calculate the Human Development Index.

Referring to examples, describe two factors that result in inequities within countries.

Explain how trade and access to markets may reduce disparities.

Describe the pattern of poverty shown on the map.

Suggest two reasons why differences in poverty occur within countries.

Explain two positive outcomes of a strategy designed to reduce economic disparities within one named country.

Describe the trends in the cost of sending remittances from the three regions shown on the graph.

Explain two reasons why remittances are often an effective way of reducing global disparities.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Explain how inequalities can arise from ethnic differences in one named country.

Named country:

Discuss the main reasons why attempts to reduce socio-economic disparities sometimes fail.

Using evidence from the graph, outline why Chile is more developed than Equatorial Guinea.

Explain two reasons why countries with similar GNI per person can have very different HDI scores.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Infant mortality rate is defined as the number of children who die before their first birthday per 1000 live births. Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using infant mortality as a measure of socio-economic development.

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

Define the term GNI (per person).

“Poverty reduction cannot be achieved without improved soil management.” Discuss this statement.

Discuss why some governments find it difficult to provide access to safe drinking water for all their people.

Briefly outline what is meant by gross national income (GNI).

Briefly outline what is meant by foreign debt.

Identify which country on the map is most in need of debt relief and briefly justify your choice.

Explain, using examples, two ways in which increased trade may help reduce economic disparities between countries.

To what extent do the most successful poverty reduction strategies focus on wealth creation and gender equality?

Describe the pattern of financial aid flows from New Zealand.

Explain three limitations of international aid.

Limitation 1:

Limitation 2:

Limitation 3:

Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using global goals (such as the Millennium Development Goals) to help countries develop.

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

“The best way to decrease global disparities is to encourage the free movement of people across international borders.” Discuss this statement.

“Global climate change will reduce economic disparities.” Discuss this statement.

“Our climate and Earth’s biodiversity will benefit if we stop using oil as our main energy source.” Discuss this statement.

Define physical water scarcity.

Define economic water scarcity.

Describe the global pattern of water scarcity shown on the map.

Explain the factors affecting access to safe drinking water.

“The causes of global climatic change are essentially human.” Discuss this statement.

Describe what is meant by the term “environmental sustainability”.

State the aspect of environmental sustainability that should replace “A” on the graph.

Describe the progress made by this corporation since 2010 towards meeting its 2020 targets for environmental sustainability.

Suggest two environmental disadvantages of sending waste to landfill.

“The fact that the world’s population is now growing less rapidly means that there will be less pressure on the environment.” Discuss this statement.

Examine the relationship between environmental change and human migrations.

Distinguish between forest cover and biodiversity.

Suggest two reasons why forest cover in some countries has increased in recent years.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Explain two consequences of the reduction of biodiversity in some tropical rainforests.

Consequence 1:

Consequence 2:

“Climate change will only increase global disparities in wealth.” Discuss this statement.

State which external forcing shown on the graph has the greatest impact on temperature in the atmosphere.

Outline what is meant by “albedo”.

Briefly describe the difference between stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone.

Explain two environmental consequences of global climatic change (global warming).

Consequence 1:

Consequence 2:

“Poverty reduction cannot be achieved without improved soil management.” Discuss this statement.

Discuss why some governments find it difficult to provide access to safe drinking water for all their people.

Describe how the estimated impact of climate change on agricultural production varies with latitude.

Suggest two reasons why global climate change may lead to an increase in agricultural production in some places.

Distinguish between physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity.

“Population growth is the greatest threat to our planet’s soil quality and biodiversity.” Discuss this statement.

Outline what is meant by the term “environmental sustainability”.

Describe the distribution of countries that are using more than 60 % of their renewable water resources.

Explain one reason why economic water scarcity is relatively common inn Sub-Saharan Africa.

Explain two ways in which access to safe drinking water can be improved.

Way 1:

Way 2:

“Global climate change will reduce economic disparities.” Discuss this statement.

“Our climate and Earth’s biodiversity will benefit if we stop using oil as our main energy source.” Discuss this statement.

Define ecological footprint.

Describe what is meant by a neo-Malthusian view.

Explain three benefits of a strategy designed to reduce resource consumption.

Examine why most countries want to reduce their dependence on oil.

Referring to the graph, describe the trend in global biomass extraction between 1980 and 2010.

Suggest two reasons why the total resource consumption per capita decreased between 1980 and 1995, even though global resource extraction was increasing.

Suggest two disadvantages of recycling materials as a strategy to reduce resource consumption.

Examine the geopolitical and environmental impacts of the production and/or consumption of fossil fuels such as oil.

State and outline the units used to measure the global ecological footprint.

Units:

Outline:

Suggest two reasons why the total ecological footprint of a country may grow very rapidly in the future.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Explain the neo-Malthusian view of the relationship between population and resource consumption.

Examine the changing importance of oil as an energy source.

Describe the trend for currently-producing oil fields shown on the graph for the period 2015–2030.

Suggest two possible reasons for the trend you described in (a)(i).

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Briefly suggest what is meant by “unconventional” oil and gas.

Explain two limitations of one named source of renewable energy.

Source of renewable energy:

Limitation 1:

Limitation 2:

Discuss why resource conservation strategies may be more effective than population control in reducing global resource consumption.

Describe the pattern of recycling rates shown on the map.

Suggest two reasons why recycling rates differ greatly between countries.

Explain two strengths and one weakness of one local or national strategy aimed at reducing the consumption of one named resource.

Named resource:

Local or national strategy:

Strength 1:

Strength 2:

Weakness:

“The ecological footprint is the best measure of the relationship between population and resources for different countries.” Discuss this statement.

Estimate the year in which global population peaks.

Describe the changes in the relative levels of non-renewable resources between 1900 and 2100.

Briefly explain how this graph shows a neo-Malthusian view.

Referring to one named resource, describe a strategy aimed at reducing its consumption.

Named resource:

Strategy:

Explain one strength or one weakness of the strategy as a way of reducing consumption of the named resource from d(i).

“Our climate and Earth’s biodiversity will benefit if we stop using oil as our main energy source.” Discuss this statement.

Referring to the diagram, state the rank order (from highest to lowest level of equality) for the four aspects of the world average.

Describe the status of women in country X.

Explain the relationship between fertility and the status of women.

“Government attempts to control population growth are ineffective.” Discuss this statement.

State what the child mortality rate measures.

Describe the trend in child mortality shown on the graph for Europe and Central Asia.

Suggest two reasons for the trend in child mortality since 1990 in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Suggest two positive socio-economic impacts of an ageing population.

“The fact that the world’s population is now growing less rapidly means that there will be less pressure on the environment.” Discuss this statement.

Examine the relationship between environmental change and human migrations.

Describe the trends in numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) between 1990 and 2010 as shown on the graph.

State the key factor that determines whether a forced migrant is a refugee or an internally displaced person (IDP).

Suggest one political and one environmental cause of the rapid increase in the total number of forced migrants since 2011.

Political:

Environmental:

State two incentives used in a recent pro-natalist national policy.

Country name:

Incentive 1:

Incentive 2:

Explain why these incentives were introduced in the country you named in (d)(i).

Suggest two reasons why the percentage of female land ownership in Malawi is similar to the percentage of male land ownership in Malawi.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Explain three socio-economic impacts of a youthful population for a country.

Impact 1:

Impact 2:

Impact 3:

Discuss why resource conservation strategies may be more effective than population control in reducing global resource consumption.

Outline how a country’s dependency ratio is calculated.

Describe two predicted regional trends shown on the graph.

Suggest one reason for the predicted change in Nigeria’s dependency ratio.

Suggest one positive and two negative socio-economic impacts of an aging population for one named country.

Named country:

Positive impact:

Negative impact 1:

Negative impact 2:

To what extent do the most successful poverty reduction strategies focus on wealth creation and gender equality?

“Population growth is the greatest threat to our planet’s soil quality and biodiversity.” Discuss this statement.

Describe three characteristics of this projected population structure.

Characteristic 1:

Characteristic 2:

Characteristic 3:

Estimate the difference, in millions, between the projected numbers of males and females in the 75–79 age group.

Suggest two reasons for the difference estimated in (b)(i).

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Suggest two reasons why governments need population projections.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

“The best way to decrease global disparities is to encourage the free movement of people across international borders.” Discuss this statement.