Referring to the graph, describe the trend in global biomass extraction between 1980 and 2010.

Suggest two reasons why the total resource consumption per capita decreased between 1980 and 1995, even though global resource extraction was increasing.

Suggest two disadvantages of recycling materials as a strategy to reduce resource consumption.

Rises initially (1980–1995) from 12 to 16 [1] but then plateaus (1995–2010) at 16 [1] use of data [1].

[3 marks]

Possible reasons include: the implementation of sustainable policies; economic downturn in resource-consuming countries; changing lifestyles reducing consumption; long-term resource storage.

For each suggestion, award [1] for identifying a valid reason, and [1] for linking it clearly to a fall in total resource consumption per person even though global extraction is still increasing.

For example: An economic downturn could result in less consumption [1] even though companies are still extracting more resources [1].

For example: A large rise in population [1] occurring without with a similar rise in resource extraction [1] so per capita usage falls.

[4 marks]

Award [1] for identifying a valid disadvantage, and [1] for further development/exemplification.

Examples:

• Recycling can be expensive [1]; some nations/cities may not be able to afford the technology [1]
• Recycling involves transporting waste to processing centres [1]; transport and processing requires expenditure of energy such as fossil fuels, which leads to more emissions [1].

Other possibilities include:

• durability of recycled products
• hygiene in recycling sites
• gives a false sense of security – consumption levels remain high.

[4 marks]