State the country with the biggest gap between female and male land ownership.

Suggest two reasons why the percentage of female land ownership in Malawi is similar to the percentage of male land ownership in Malawi.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

Explain three socio-economic impacts of a youthful population for a country.

Impact 1:

Impact 2:

Impact 3:

Bangladesh / Nigeria

For each valid reason specifically related to land ownership, award [1] for the reason and [1] for further development/detail.

For example: Change in government legislation [1] allowing women to inherit land [1].

Other possibilities include:

• it is an equal society
• matrilineal land tenure systems
• land reform
• male absenteeism/deaths / more men have died/die younger
• implementation of MDGs
• microcredit enabling female participation
• influence of NGOs
• access to education/changing status of women.

For each valid impact, award [1] for the impact and [1] for further development/detail. A youthful population is one with high proportion aged under 16. Impacts may be current or long term, positive or negative.

For example: Costs of providing education [1] will be a large burden for taxpayers [1].

Other possibilities include:

Negative:

• pressure on housing
• pressure on food supplies
• pressure on health services
• pressure on working population to support the young and old / dependency ratios
• unable to control the growing population / political instability in the country
• rise in crime level
• pressures on environment
• provision of future jobs.

Positive:

• medical cost is low, leading to economic growth
• youthful population is source of innovation
• employment in education and healthcare
• provides a large cheap future workforce
• provides a large tax base for the country
• attractive for investors
• increased resource consumption.