A group of students planned how to investigate the effect of changing the concentration of H2SO4 on the initial rate of reaction with magnesium:
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
They decided to measure how long the reaction took to complete when similar masses of magnesium were added to acid.
Two methods were suggested:
Method 1 - Use small pieces of magnesium ribbon, an excess of acid and record the time taken for the magnesium ribbon to disappear
Method 2 - Use large strips of magnesium ribbon, an excess of magnesium and record the time taken for bubbles to stop forming
Deduce, giving a reason, which of method 1 and method 2 would be the least affected if the masses of magnesium ribbon used varied slightly between each experiment.
The reaction is to be conducted across a few weeks.
State a factor that has a significant effect on reaction rate, which could vary between experiments across the weeks and therefore needs to be controlled.
When investigating the reaction between sulfuric acid and calcium carbonate, it was observed that a small increase of temperature of around 10 oC caused a doubling in the rate of the reaction.
Sketch and label Maxwell-Boltzmann curve for the two temperatures T and T+10, and use this diagram to help to explain this effect of temperature on rate.
Vehicles with combustion engines usually have catalytic convertors added to catalyse the oxidation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and to catalyse the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. These catalysts are usually rhodium or platinum.
Leaded fuels were phased out as they were found to poison these catalysts, binding irreversibly to the metal surface.
Explain the problems for drivers of the catalysts being poisoned.