DP Sports, Exercise and Health Science Questionbank

What do the error bars in the graph say about data?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2017]

A. The data for Group 1 has a lower mean value.

B. The data for Group 2 has a higher degree of variability.

C. The data for Group 1 has a higher degree of accuracy.

D. The data for Group 1 and 2 has the same degree of coefficient of variation.

What can be represented by error bars on graphs?

A.  Reliability of data

B.  One standard deviation of data

C.  Percent change of data

D.  Validity of data

Identify the time and condition with the highest mean sprint speed.

Calculate the difference in mean sprint speed, in m s^–1, between baseline and at 4 minutes for the plyometric condition.

Using the data, discuss the hypothesis that plyometric exercise can improve sprint performance.

Explain the reason for using a control condition in this study design.

Identify the time and condition with the highest mean sprint speed.

Calculate the difference in mean sprint speed, in m s^–1, between baseline and at 4 minutes for the plyometric condition.

Using the data, discuss the hypothesis that plyometric exercise can improve sprint performance.

Comment on the meaning of the results from the t-test.

Which is the mean value for the post-training test score?

A. 13

B. 15

C. 16

D. 17

What can be represented by error bars on a graph?

A. Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of a set of data

B. Variability of a set of data from the median

C. Variability of the mode value of a set of data

D. Variability of a set of data from the mean

A two-tailed, unpaired t-test was conducted on the data. The calculations yielded the following results:

• comparing low and moderate training level yielded p > 0.05
• comparing moderate and high training level yielded p < 0.05
• comparing low and high training level yielded p < 0.01.

Comment on the meaning of the results from the t-test.

What describes the difference between the two sets of group data in the table?

[Source: copyright International Baccalaureate Organization, 2019]

A student’s study found a strong correlation between grip strength and VO₂max.

Outline why the student should treat their results with caution.

An athlete completed five timed trials of a 20 m sprint test. What is the mean time?

A. 3.90 s

B. 3.95 s

C. 4.00 s

D. 4.05 s

What does a large standard deviation indicate?

A. The data is clustered closely to the mean.

B. The data is spread widely around the mean.

C. The data is normally distributed.

D. The data is not normally distributed.

A statistical analysis found that the average professional racing cyclist could sustain an average power output of 6.0 watts per kilogram (W kg^–1) with a standard deviation of 0.5 W kg^–1. What percentage of the total spread of the data will be represented by a range in power from 5.0–7.0 W kg^–1?

A. 68 %

B. 90 %

C. 95 %

D. 99 %

Comment on the meaning of the standard deviation with reference to Table 1.

Analyse how research design and statistical analysis aid the validity of studies conducted by sports scientists.

Comment on the meaning of the standard deviation, with reference to the data in Figure 1. 

A series of fitness tests were conducted before and after a training programme to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme. The table shows the mean results and probability (p) values.

Which fitness component shows no significant change?

A. Speed

B. Agility

C. Reaction time

D. Power

What is a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) form used for?

A. To determine the goals of the programme

B. To ensure that it is safe for the person to undertake physical activity

C. To determine the person’s favourite activities

D. To establish a baseline so any improvements can be measured

Which terms apply to the use of the multistage fitness test to evaluate the muscular power of a 100 m swimmer?

A.  Reliable and valid

B.  Not reliable and not valid

C.  Not reliable but valid

D.  Reliable and not valid

Explain the reason for using a control condition in this study design.

Which of these describes appropriate study design?

A. Placebos are assigned to an experimental group.

B. In a double blind trial the researcher knows which is the control group.

C. Randomisation allows participants to choose the experimental group.

D. In the control group participants take a placebo.

Explain the importance of reliability and validity in fitness testing, for a sport of your choice.

Suggest how an aerobic 1500 m endurance athlete uses the principles of overload.

Which is correct about the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)?

A. PAR-Q is used to determine the possible health risks of an exercise programme

B. The PAR-Q form helps to diagnose cardiac issues

C. If a PAR-Q is completed, it confirms that there will be no risk of injury

D. PAR-Q is a screening tool based on a person’s athletic performance in previous competitive events

Evaluate field and laboratory testing for human performance.

A company has developed a drink to improve the performance of athletes during endurance events, such as the Tour de France cycling race.

Describe four study design features which could be used in an experiment to test if the sports drink is beneficial to endurance performance.

Explain how the following study design element can be applied in an experimental method: placebo.

What does the training principle of reversibility refer to?

A. The gradual increase of intensity in training demands

B. The variability of training loads and skills

C. The replication of performance demands in training

D. The training benefits are lost if training ceases

Alex signs up at the local gym and is required to complete a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). What is the purpose of this questionnaire?

A. To determine their level of fitness

B. To determine how long they will be able to exercise for

C. To determine their pre-existing skill level

D. To determine their pre-existing health conditions

Analyse how research design and statistical analysis aid the validity of studies conducted by sports scientists.

List three tests of aerobic capacity.

Evaluate the Harvard Step Test.

Which is a component of performance-related (skill-related) fitness?

A. Muscular endurance

B. Body composition

C. Power

D. Strength

Which fitness component is most important when a soccer player dribbles a ball around opponents while maintaining their balance? 

A.  Muscular endurance

B.  Aerobic capacity

C.  Flexibility

D.  Agility

Evaluate two valid tests of aerobic capacity.

Identify two components of health-related fitness.

Evaluate body mass index as a measure of healthy body composition.

Evaluate two fitness tests used to assess body composition.

State an alternative test (other than standing broad jump) for measuring leg power.

Outline the procedure for measuring leg power in the test stated in 1(b)(i).

Evaluate the vertical jump test as a method of assessing power in volleyball players.

Distinguish between health-related and performance-related fitness.

Evaluate the multistage fitness test as a method of assessing aerobic capacity in a long-distance runner.

Distinguish between health-related and performance-related components of fitness.

Apply four components of fitness to the movement of a basketball player.

Identify a fitness test that can be used for the following component of fitness: muscular endurance.

Which fitness component does the stork stand test?

A. Reaction time

B. Balance

C. Strength

D. Muscle endurance

Describe the essential elements of a generalized training programme.

Which outlines progression as a principle of training programme design?

A. Training muscles that are relevant to the actions of the sport

B. Training is high intensity for short bursts

C. Training by gradual increase in physical challenge to induce adaptations

D. Training with a range of methods to maintain motivation

Why would an athlete work at different heart rate training zones rather than a maximum heart rate zone?

A.  To avoid overreaching

B.  To increase the number of fast-twitch fibres

C.  To target specific training adaptations

D.  To reduce excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Which outlines progression as a principle of training programme design?

A. Training muscles that are relevant to the actions of the sport

B. Training is high intensity for short bursts

C. Training by gradual increase in physical challenge to induce adaptations

D. Training with a range of methods to maintain motivation

Analyse how a road cyclist plans a macrocycle using periodization.

Describe how heart rate can be used to monitor exercise intensity.

Discuss how you would use the key principles of training to help you prepare for a long-distance cycle race.

Describe how an athlete uses the principle of overload to improve their muscular strength through resistance training.

Which are elements of a general training programme?

I. Warm up

II. Endurance training

III. Recreational activities and sports

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Periodization can be used to optimize an athlete’s performance. Explain how a coach uses the other key principles of training to maximize athletic development.

Periodization can be used to optimize an athlete’s performance. Explain how a coach uses the other key principles of training to maximize athletic development.