What is speciation?
The process of separating organisms into species groups.
The absence of gene flow between two populations.
The development of new species from existing species over time.
The exposure of two separate populations to different environmental conditions.
Which of the following statements about selective breeding is correct?
Certain alleles are more likely to be passed on to offspring because they are advantageous and aid survival in an organism's environment
All of the offspring of the first generation are bred together to produce the second generation
Selective breeding is a recently developed technique
Crop varieties currently used by humans have been selectively bred from wild varieties
Which process does not generate heritable variation in a population?
Mutation
Mitosis
Metaphase I of meiosis
Fertilisation
Which of the following statements correctly explains the process of natural selection?
I. Some species produce small numbers of young and provide higher levels of parental care
II. Advantageous alleles increase an individual's chance of surviving and reproducing
III. Individuals that change to suit their environment pass their alleles on to offspring
IV. Advantageous alleles increase in frequency in the population
I and II only
I, II, III, and IV
II, III, and IV only
II and IV only
Scientists use theories to explain observed phenomena. Which of the following combinations of observed phenomenon and explanation shows how scientists developed the theory that explains antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
| Observed phenomenon | Explanation | |
| A. | Resistance to an antibiotic appears soon after an antibiotic is first used | Bacteria respond to a new antibiotic by developing resistance |
| B. | Resistance to an antibiotic appears soon after an antibiotic is first used | Bacteria with alleles that provide resistance to the antibiotic survive treatment and pass on their alleles |
| C. | Bacteria with alleles that provide resistance to the antibiotic survive treatment and pass on their alleles | The frequency of resistant alleles increases in a bacterial population |
| D. | Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is on the increase in hospitals | Patients in hospitals are more susceptible to infection than the general population. |
