DP Biology Questionbank
Option A: Neurobiology and behaviour
Description
Overview of the essential ideas for this option.
A.1: Modification of neurons starts in the earliest stages of embryogenesis and continues to the final years of life.
A.2: The parts of the brain specialize in different functions.
A.3: Living organisms are able to detect changes in the environment.
A.4: Behavioural patterns can be inherited or learned.
A.5: Communication between neurons can be altered through the manipulation of the release and reception of chemical messengers.
A.6: Natural selection favours specific types of behaviour.
Directly related questions
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: State what occurs to structure X immediately following its formation.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The woman suffers from otosclerosis in the right ear, a condition where the bones of the middle...
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.4c:
Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Outline the process taking place in the diagram.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Outline how spina bifida could occur during embryonic development.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.7b:
Explain how the pupil of the eye can be used to assess brain damage.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.4a:
Human speech occurs at a volume of approximately 60 dB and at frequencies between 125 Hz and 4000 Hz. Outline whether the woman would hear all conversations with both ears.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.7a:
Identify the structures labelled I and II
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.8: General anesthetics act on the neurotransmitters in neuron synapses. Explain the effect of...
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
(i) Identify the structure labelled X.
(ii) Outline the function of X in the human brain
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Predict how mental activity might delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Outline the neural control of the process of swallowing.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: State the function of the visual cortex.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline the benefits of using fMRI in this experiment.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: State the function of the bones in the middle ear.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4a: State what happens to unused neurons.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe an example of learned behaviour.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Autism appears early in life and affects how a person communicates and relates to others. There...
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Compare and contrast the effects of THC and CBD on the areas of the brain studied.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
With reference to structures visible in the diagrams, explain how the human brain is more evolved for higher order functions than the baboon brain.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6: The graph shows the relationship between body mass and brain volume in three groups of...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Distinguish between a photoreceptor and an olfactory receptor.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Outline neural pruning.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: State the name of the photoreceptor shown.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Structure Y will eventually elongate to form two structures. State the names of these two...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: Outline the function of the autonomic nervous system in the human body.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.8: Explain how information from the left and right sides of the visual field is processed.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Suggest a reason for the migration of neurons in the embryonic nervous system.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Outline one reason for the large energy requirement of the brain.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Outline the organization of the human cerebral cortex with regard to structure and function.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: The cortex of the brain consists of several regions. State whether this view of the brain...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: The diagram shows the anatomy of the human ear. Label the cochlea on the diagram.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the role of ganglion cells in the eye.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Label the parts I and II on the images.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Evaluate the use of the pupil reflex to test for brain damage.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the rate of movement of the neuron cell body between 0 and 5 h. Working should be...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: In a study of brain organization, several factors were investigated. The relationship between the...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Outline the function of Broca’s area.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: Explain the structure of the semicircular canals in relation to their functions.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: State the condition that arises if the closure of structure X is incomplete during embryonic...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline the development of axons in immature neurons.
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17M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
List the different types of neurons involved in a reflex arc.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6c: Predict whether an animal such as a laboratory rat could be encouraged to learn a new behaviour...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Approximately 350 000 people worldwide have received cochlear implants. Outline the use of...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Graph 1 shows the range of light wavelengths detected by the three types of cone cells in normal...
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Explain two methods that scientists have used to determine the different functions of the brain.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Describe the role of bipolar cells in the eye.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: The diagrams show a rat brain and a human brain. They are not drawn to scale. Distinguish...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Explain how sounds of different wavelengths are distinguished by the ear.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6b: Dopamine acts as a slow-acting neurotransmitter. Outline one function of slow-acting...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6d: State the type of receptor that detects odours.
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.7b:
Suggest reasons for the length you stated in (a) being the most common length of M. edulis that C. maenas eat.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.4e: State one activity controlled by the medulla oblongata.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State the part of the ear that is responsible for detecting movement of the head.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: A study examined the effects of four weeks of intensive training in athletes on vertical jumping...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6d: Using an example, describe how innate behaviour may increase the chances of survival of a species.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.7: Explain, using examples, the neurological effects of inhibitory psychoactive drugs.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Label the parts I and II on the images.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Structure Y will eventually elongate to form two structures. State the names of these two...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.iii: State the condition that arises if the closure of structure X is incomplete during embryonic...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6a: The diagram shows the mechanism of action of the psychoactive drug cocaine. Suggest how...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6c: Outline the structure of a reflex arc.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a: State the most common length of M. edulis eaten by the C. maenas population.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the effect of the cochlear implant on hearing.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State the...
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.5c:
State the type of cell in the retina which directly transmits impulses through the optic nerve to the brain.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a ray of light entering the left eye from point P.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Explain how autopsy and lesions can be used to identify the role of different brain parts.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.6c:
Describe the normal function of the cochlea.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.i: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State what...
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Suggest, with reference to the structure of the ear, a reason that a cochlear implant requires an amplifier.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: On the diagram, label one named structure that produces hormones.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Outline one method that can be used to investigate the function of different parts of the brain.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.4a:
Describe the changes occurring in this neuron from day 1 to day 2.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.ii:
State a function of the cerebellum.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Describe the role of inheritance and learning in birdsongs.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.4b:
Suggest other processes that may occur during neural development.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.i: Label the cerebellum on the diagram.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.7a:
Outline the trend in large tree finch song frequency.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Suggest what can happen to neurons that are unused in the nervous system.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.8a:
Evaluate the hypothesis that females prefer to mate with males whose feathers are a brighter blue.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain how natural selection can cause mate selection behaviour patterns to develop in a species such as eastern bluebirds.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.9:
Explain how psychoactive drugs affect the nervous system.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.8c: Another type of behaviour is altruistic behaviour. Outline an example of altruistic behaviour.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.ii: Draw an arrow to show the direction of light through the retina.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.i:
Using the letter M, label the structures which detect movement of the head.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06b:
Explain the function of the cochlea in hearing.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.07:
The diagrams illustrate changes in synapse density of the cerebral cortex from newborn to adult.
[Source: THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX, VOLUMES IVIII, by Jesse LeRoy Conel, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1939, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1967
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © renewed 1967, 1969, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991.]Explain the processes illustrated by the diagrams.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05c: Suggest how an injury to the brain can help in understanding brain function.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.i: Identify the cell labelled X.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.i: Identify the structure labelled A.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.ii:
List two functions of the structure labelled A.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05b: Outline the reason that Broca’s area is more developed in humans than other primates.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.ii:
Using the letter A, label where sound is amplified.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.06c: Outline how the hearing of a deaf or partially deaf person could be improved.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04b:
Suggest a role for the cerebral cortex in rodents such as rats and mice.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.05b:
Explain the use of a local anesthetic during surgery to remove the cataract.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.ii:
Suggest advantages of the cerebral cortex containing a high percentage of the brain’s neurons.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07b: Outline how the human brain can reorganize itself following a stroke.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.i: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the following symptom is...
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.i: State which group has the lowest percentage of cerebral cortex mass.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04c:
Explain how the cerebral cortex in humans differs from other mammals.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.05c:
Describe red-green colour blindness.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.06a: State the effect of simulated ship noise on foraging behaviour.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.06b:
Predict the consequences on C. maenas of increasing noise related to human activity.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.ii: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the followingsymptom is...
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.08:
Outline innate and learned behaviour.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Suggest one reason for the difference between the brain and skeletal muscle in metabolic rate.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Suggest how the plasticity of the brain can benefit humans.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.i: On the diagram, label the visual cortex.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: The metabolic rate is the energy used per kilogram of mass per day. Calculate the metabolic rate...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7a: Identify the structure labelled X.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6d: Outline the effects of slow-acting neurotransmitters.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Outline the possible changes to this neuron that could happen during the subsequent development...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe the process taking place.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Predict the difference that would be seen if the cerebral cortex of a human and a gorilla were...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Outline how this experiment shows learned behaviour.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6c.i: Define, with an example, operant conditioning.
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18N.3.HL.TZ0.7:
The drawing shows male and female Emperor birds of paradise (Paradisaea guilielmi ) found in Papua New Guinea.
Suggest how the external features and courtship behaviour of these birds of paradise affect reproductive success.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Using only the data in the table, distinguish between the use of energy in the brain and in...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Compare and contrast the rank order of body mass and brain volume in the six species of mammals.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.i: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Broca’s area
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.ii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Nucleus accumbens
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.iii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Medulla oblongata
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Deduce, with a reason, whether the patient is left-handed or right-handed.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6c.ii: Define, with an example, imprinting.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.8: Explain how the eye detects stimuli and sends information to the brain.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Outline the role of the brain in involuntary control.
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Explain how a functional MRI (fMRI) can be used to identify the function of parts of the brain.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7b: Explain how sound from an outside source causes movement of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.ii: Identify the structure labelled X.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: The image shows a normal human brain in vertical section. Identify the parts of the brain...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Explain the use of the pupil reflex as a test for brain damage.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the process of neural pruning.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.ii: State one function of the cerebellum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5c: A person with Alzheimer’s disease typically has a reduced nucleus accumbens. Predict how this...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the stages of development and differentiation of neurons.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Explain neuroplasticity in terms of the developing neurons.
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.i:
Label the cerebellum on image I.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.6a:
Identify the part of the ear labelled X.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.4b:
Explain the causes of spina bifida in vertebrates.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.7:
Discuss the methods used to identify the role of specific parts of the brain.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Identify the area of the brain responsible for processing visual stimuli.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.4a:
The diagram shows one of the stages in neurulation.
Describe what happens next in neurulation.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7b: With reference to the experiments on habituation, state the effect of repeated stimulation on the...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the function of the nucleus accumbens.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.7d:
Outline an example of a change in animal behaviour as a result of natural selection.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.5a:
Evaluate the claim that IGF influences turning angle and neuron extension.
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
Label the pupil and the retina on the diagram.
[Source: Holly Fischer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye#/media/File:Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.png]
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: The brain requires a large energy input. Suggest one reason for this.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.ii: Suggest one reason for hearing loss caused by extended exposure to high intensity sound.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.5b:
Outline the development of neurons from when they are first formed in the neural tube.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.5c:
Outline the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique for brain research.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.6c:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.7c:
Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour in the development of birdsong.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: State the difference in the cerebral cortex between the two images of the brain.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7c: With reference to the withdrawal of the siphon in Aplysia californica, explain the concept of...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.iii: Describe the relationship between energy consumption and transmission rate.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.i: State the type of sensory receptors that detect sound.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.7a: Drug misuse and abuse are major health problems in the world. The diagram shows the correlation...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Compare and contrast the sensory and motor functions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Compare and contrast the mechanisms involved in hearing sounds in individuals with and without...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.i: Explain how neurons at rest still consume energy.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.7b:
Addiction may be affected by social environment. Outline one other named factor that can affect addiction to drugs.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Outline the function of one named photoreceptor in the mammalian eye.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.ii: Identify the species with photoreceptors that have the fastest signalling transmission rate.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: State the name of the technique used to produce the image.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6c: Identify the area of the brain labelled X in the image.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: State the property of the nervous system that allows it to change with experience and allows the...
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
Explain how the human eye is able to distinguish between different colours of light.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.4a: Outline how an immature neuron develops an axon.
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.5d:
The images show the differences in glucose uptake between the brain of a person without Alzheimer’s disease (image I) and the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease (image II). The key indicates the levels of glucose uptake.
Deduce the implications of reduced glucose uptake in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7a: State the effector in this reflex arc.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7d: Amphetamines act on synapses that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter by increasing the release of...
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Compare and contrast innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
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19M.3.SL.TZ1.4a:
State the name of the general area of the brain affected by this stroke.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: Explain the neural control of swallowing.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube. Outline the mechanisms of...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of the...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Identify the structure labelled Y in the diagram.
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19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii:
Annotate the diagram with an X to show the internal location where a cochlear implant is placed.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6e: Outline the function of the stapes.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: State the range of sound frequencies detected by the ear.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Sensory receptors are divided into different categories. Hair cells in the cochlea are sensory...
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
A dog owner wants to teach a dog to stop jumping up on people.
[Source: © Nevit Dilmen]
Explain how operant conditioning could be used to train the dog.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Explain how patient recovery from a stroke illustrates the property of neural plasticity.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: Outline the relationship between the distance from the oval window and the sound frequency detected.
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.6c:
Explain the function of the semicircular canals.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.ii: Outline how the diagram can be identified as a human brain and not the brain of a monkey.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Outline the consequences of incomplete closure of the neural tube in humans.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State what would occur in the embryo immediately after stage IV.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7b: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of the...
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.i:
Label the diagram to show part of the visual cortex of the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: Identify the structure in the inner ear that is in contact with the stapes.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline the evidence that MDMA leads to impulsive behaviour.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the difference in the number of former users of MDMA and those who have never used the...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the effect MDMA has on the metabolism in the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Describe the process occurring in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe how the use of cinnamon changes mouse performance on the Barnes maze.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: Identify the structures labelled X and Y in the diagram.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.4c:
It has been suggested that cinnamon might be of benefit to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Suggest one advantage of adding cinnamon to the diet of a patient who has suffered a stroke.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
State the trend in relative brain mass in primates other than humans according to their time of divergence from humans.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iii: Suggest one reason for two different language groups being used in the study.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.ii: Compare the general patterns of activation in the brain shown when all of the individuals in the...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.4b:
Scientists demonstrated that cinnamon increased neural plasticity in some parts of mouse brains. Explain how neural plasticity could have affected learning in poor performer mice.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.i: Identify the area of the brain which is labelled with the white arrow in the fMRI.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the autonomic control of the pupil of the eye and how the pupil reflex is used to...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5d:
Primates belong to the phylum chordata. The neural tube of chordates is formed by the infolding of the ectoderm followed by the elongation of the tube. Outline the process of formation of neurons from this neural tube in primates.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii:
Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.5b.i:
Evaluate how the data supports the hypothesis that honeybees are able to learn to use cues to find the path through new mazes.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Discuss the effect of endorphins on the central nervous system (CNS) and in pain relief.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5c:
Deduce, with a reason, whether the relative brain mass is a good indicator of brain development.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Distinguish between learned behaviour and innate behaviour.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iv: Outline how fMRI is used in brain studies.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.i:
Suggest a reason for the plateau in the graph when only one crab is present in the cage.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5b:
Suggest one reason that the relative brain mass of Homo is different from Parapithecus and Australopithecus.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.v: Suggest what might result if a deaf individual who uses sign language has a lesion in the Broca’s...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.7: Outline the process that could result in spina bifida during neural tube development.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.6b: Outline the role of natural selection in animal behaviour.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.5b.ii: Suggest an advantage of such behaviour.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.ii:
Determine whether foraging by crabs is dependent on number of prey (mussels) or number of predators (crabs).
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Identify the part labelled X.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Suggest one way in which multiple sclerosis has affected the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: State the name of the stage of embryonic development shown in the diagram.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex of...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: State a consequence of incomplete folding of the neural tube in humans.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Identify the structures found at I, II and III. I: II: III:
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5d: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex of...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6c: Describe the main role of slow-acting neurotransmitters in memory and learning.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Outline operant conditioning, giving an example.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: The folding of the cerebral hemispheres is extensive and varies between different mammals....
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19N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Explain how the nervous system develops from the cells of the neural tube.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Courtship behaviour leads to mate selection. Describe innate behaviour.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.8:
Explain the effect of a named stimulant drug on the nervous system.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Describe how the inner ear detects audible sounds.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4a: The human brain is larger than the brain of many animals. Identify one other difference between...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Photoreceptors in the retina sense light. State the name of another type of receptor with an...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe how local anesthetics act on the nervous system.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Explain the implications of courtship behaviour in natural selection.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4d: Explain the need for the adult human brain to be supplied continuously with a relatively large...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: State the name of the part of the brain that controls breathing rate.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.5a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Define neurotransmitter.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Outline the main feature of neural pruning.
Sub sections and their related questions
Option A: Neurobiology and behaviour (Core topics)
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.4a:
Human speech occurs at a volume of approximately 60 dB and at frequencies between 125 Hz and 4000 Hz. Outline whether the woman would hear all conversations with both ears.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The woman suffers from otosclerosis in the right ear, a condition where the bones of the middle...
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.4c:
Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Outline the process taking place in the diagram.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: State what occurs to structure X immediately following its formation.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Outline how spina bifida could occur during embryonic development.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
(i) Identify the structure labelled X.
(ii) Outline the function of X in the human brain
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
With reference to structures visible in the diagrams, explain how the human brain is more evolved for higher order functions than the baboon brain.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.7a:
Identify the structures labelled I and II
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.7b:
Explain how the pupil of the eye can be used to assess brain damage.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4a: State what happens to unused neurons.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Predict how mental activity might delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Autism appears early in life and affects how a person communicates and relates to others. There...
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline the benefits of using fMRI in this experiment.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Compare and contrast the effects of THC and CBD on the areas of the brain studied.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: State the function of the visual cortex.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Outline the neural control of the process of swallowing.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: State the function of the bones in the middle ear.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the rate of movement of the neuron cell body between 0 and 5 h. Working should be...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Suggest a reason for the migration of neurons in the embryonic nervous system.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Outline neural pruning.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: In a study of brain organization, several factors were investigated. The relationship between the...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Outline the organization of the human cerebral cortex with regard to structure and function.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Outline one reason for the large energy requirement of the brain.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: The cortex of the brain consists of several regions. State whether this view of the brain...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Outline the function of Broca’s area.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: The diagram shows the anatomy of the human ear. Label the cochlea on the diagram.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: Explain the structure of the semicircular canals in relation to their functions.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the role of ganglion cells in the eye.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline the development of axons in immature neurons.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.4e: State one activity controlled by the medulla oblongata.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Approximately 350 000 people worldwide have received cochlear implants. Outline the use of...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State the part of the ear that is responsible for detecting movement of the head.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Describe the role of bipolar cells in the eye.
-
17M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
List the different types of neurons involved in a reflex arc.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Label the parts I and II on the images.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Structure Y will eventually elongate to form two structures. State the names of these two...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: State the condition that arises if the closure of structure X is incomplete during embryonic...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: Outline the function of the autonomic nervous system in the human body.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Evaluate the use of the pupil reflex to test for brain damage.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6: The graph shows the relationship between body mass and brain volume in three groups of...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: State the name of the photoreceptor shown.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Distinguish between a photoreceptor and an olfactory receptor.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.8: Explain how information from the left and right sides of the visual field is processed.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Label the parts I and II on the images.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Structure Y will eventually elongate to form two structures. State the names of these two...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.iii: State the condition that arises if the closure of structure X is incomplete during embryonic...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: The diagrams show a rat brain and a human brain. They are not drawn to scale. Distinguish...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Graph 1 shows the range of light wavelengths detected by the three types of cone cells in normal...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Explain how sounds of different wavelengths are distinguished by the ear.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6d: State the type of receptor that detects odours.
-
17M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Explain two methods that scientists have used to determine the different functions of the brain.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.i: Identify the cell labelled X.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.ii: Draw an arrow to show the direction of light through the retina.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.i: Identify the structure labelled A.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.ii:
List two functions of the structure labelled A.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05b: Outline the reason that Broca’s area is more developed in humans than other primates.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05c: Suggest how an injury to the brain can help in understanding brain function.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.i:
Using the letter M, label the structures which detect movement of the head.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.ii:
Using the letter A, label where sound is amplified.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06b:
Explain the function of the cochlea in hearing.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.06c: Outline how the hearing of a deaf or partially deaf person could be improved.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.07:
The diagrams illustrate changes in synapse density of the cerebral cortex from newborn to adult.
[Source: THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX, VOLUMES IVIII, by Jesse LeRoy Conel, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1939, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1967
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © renewed 1967, 1969, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991.]Explain the processes illustrated by the diagrams.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.i: State which group has the lowest percentage of cerebral cortex mass.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.ii:
Suggest advantages of the cerebral cortex containing a high percentage of the brain’s neurons.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.04b:
Suggest a role for the cerebral cortex in rodents such as rats and mice.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.04c:
Explain how the cerebral cortex in humans differs from other mammals.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.05c:
Describe red-green colour blindness.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07b: Outline how the human brain can reorganize itself following a stroke.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.i: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the following symptom is...
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.ii: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the followingsymptom is...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: The image shows a normal human brain in vertical section. Identify the parts of the brain...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the function of the nucleus accumbens.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Compare and contrast the sensory and motor functions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres...
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5a:
Evaluate the claim that IGF influences turning angle and neuron extension.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.5b:
Outline the development of neurons from when they are first formed in the neural tube.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.6a:
Identify the part of the ear labelled X.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Compare and contrast the mechanisms involved in hearing sounds in individuals with and without...
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.6c:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.7:
Discuss the methods used to identify the role of specific parts of the brain.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4a:
The diagram shows one of the stages in neurulation.
Describe what happens next in neurulation.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.4b:
Explain the causes of spina bifida in vertebrates.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the process of neural pruning.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: The brain requires a large energy input. Suggest one reason for this.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.5c:
Outline the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique for brain research.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.i: State the type of sensory receptors that detect sound.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.ii: Suggest one reason for hearing loss caused by extended exposure to high intensity sound.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
Explain how the human eye is able to distinguish between different colours of light.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Outline the function of one named photoreceptor in the mammalian eye.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.i: Explain how neurons at rest still consume energy.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.ii: Identify the species with photoreceptors that have the fastest signalling transmission rate.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.iii: Describe the relationship between energy consumption and transmission rate.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
Label the pupil and the retina on the diagram.
[Source: Holly Fischer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye#/media/File:Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.png]
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Explain the use of the pupil reflex as a test for brain damage.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: State the property of the nervous system that allows it to change with experience and allows the...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: State the name of the technique used to produce the image.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Identify the area of the brain responsible for processing visual stimuli.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6c: Identify the area of the brain labelled X in the image.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the stages of development and differentiation of neurons.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.4a: Outline how an immature neuron develops an axon.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Explain neuroplasticity in terms of the developing neurons.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.i:
Label the cerebellum on image I.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.ii: State one function of the cerebellum.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: State the difference in the cerebral cortex between the two images of the brain.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5c: A person with Alzheimer’s disease typically has a reduced nucleus accumbens. Predict how this...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ2.5d:
The images show the differences in glucose uptake between the brain of a person without Alzheimer’s disease (image I) and the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease (image II). The key indicates the levels of glucose uptake.
Deduce the implications of reduced glucose uptake in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: The metabolic rate is the energy used per kilogram of mass per day. Calculate the metabolic rate...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Using only the data in the table, distinguish between the use of energy in the brain and in...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Suggest one reason for the difference between the brain and skeletal muscle in metabolic rate.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Outline the role of the brain in involuntary control.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe the process taking place.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Outline the possible changes to this neuron that could happen during the subsequent development...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Suggest how the plasticity of the brain can benefit humans.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.i: On the diagram, label the visual cortex.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.ii: Identify the structure labelled X.
-
18N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Explain how a functional MRI (fMRI) can be used to identify the function of parts of the brain.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7a: Identify the structure labelled X.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7b: Explain how sound from an outside source causes movement of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Compare and contrast the rank order of body mass and brain volume in the six species of mammals.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Predict the difference that would be seen if the cerebral cortex of a human and a gorilla were...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.i: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Broca’s area
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.ii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Nucleus accumbens
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.iii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Medulla oblongata
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.8: Explain how the eye detects stimuli and sends information to the brain.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.4a:
State the name of the general area of the brain affected by this stroke.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Explain how patient recovery from a stroke illustrates the property of neural plasticity.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of the...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: Explain the neural control of swallowing.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube. Outline the mechanisms of...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: Outline the relationship between the distance from the oval window and the sound frequency detected.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: State the range of sound frequencies detected by the ear.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Sensory receptors are divided into different categories. Hair cells in the cochlea are sensory...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Identify the structure labelled Y in the diagram.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii:
Annotate the diagram with an X to show the internal location where a cochlear implant is placed.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6e: Outline the function of the stapes.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Describe the process occurring in the diagram.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State what would occur in the embryo immediately after stage IV.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Outline the consequences of incomplete closure of the neural tube in humans.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: Identify the structure in the inner ear that is in contact with the stapes.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ1.6c:
Explain the function of the semicircular canals.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.i:
Label the diagram to show part of the visual cortex of the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.ii: Outline how the diagram can be identified as a human brain and not the brain of a monkey.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7b: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of the...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: Identify the structures labelled X and Y in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe how the use of cinnamon changes mouse performance on the Barnes maze.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4b:
Scientists demonstrated that cinnamon increased neural plasticity in some parts of mouse brains. Explain how neural plasticity could have affected learning in poor performer mice.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.4c:
It has been suggested that cinnamon might be of benefit to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Suggest one advantage of adding cinnamon to the diet of a patient who has suffered a stroke.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
State the trend in relative brain mass in primates other than humans according to their time of divergence from humans.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5b:
Suggest one reason that the relative brain mass of Homo is different from Parapithecus and Australopithecus.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5c:
Deduce, with a reason, whether the relative brain mass is a good indicator of brain development.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.5d:
Primates belong to the phylum chordata. The neural tube of chordates is formed by the infolding of the ectoderm followed by the elongation of the tube. Outline the process of formation of neurons from this neural tube in primates.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the autonomic control of the pupil of the eye and how the pupil reflex is used to...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii:
Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.i: Identify the area of the brain which is labelled with the white arrow in the fMRI.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.ii: Compare the general patterns of activation in the brain shown when all of the individuals in the...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iii: Suggest one reason for two different language groups being used in the study.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iv: Outline how fMRI is used in brain studies.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.v: Suggest what might result if a deaf individual who uses sign language has a lesion in the Broca’s...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.7: Outline the process that could result in spina bifida during neural tube development.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: State the name of the stage of embryonic development shown in the diagram.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Identify the part labelled X.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: State a consequence of incomplete folding of the neural tube in humans.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Explain how the nervous system develops from the cells of the neural tube.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Identify the structures found at I, II and III. I: II: III:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Suggest one way in which multiple sclerosis has affected the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: The folding of the cerebral hemispheres is extensive and varies between different mammals....
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex of...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Describe how the inner ear detects audible sounds.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4a: The human brain is larger than the brain of many animals. Identify one other difference between...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Outline the main feature of neural pruning.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: State the name of the part of the brain that controls breathing rate.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4d: Explain the need for the adult human brain to be supplied continuously with a relatively large...
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.5a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Photoreceptors in the retina sense light. State the name of another type of receptor with an...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5d: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex of...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a ray of light entering the left eye from point P.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.i: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State what...
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State the...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.5c:
State the type of cell in the retina which directly transmits impulses through the optic nerve to the brain.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the effect of the cochlear implant on hearing.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Suggest, with reference to the structure of the ear, a reason that a cochlear implant requires an amplifier.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.6c:
Describe the normal function of the cochlea.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Explain how autopsy and lesions can be used to identify the role of different brain parts.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4a:
Describe the changes occurring in this neuron from day 1 to day 2.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.4b:
Suggest other processes that may occur during neural development.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Suggest what can happen to neurons that are unused in the nervous system.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.i: Label the cerebellum on the diagram.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.ii:
State a function of the cerebellum.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: On the diagram, label one named structure that produces hormones.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Outline one method that can be used to investigate the function of different parts of the brain.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.7a:
Outline the trend in large tree finch song frequency.
Option A: Neurobiology and behaviour (Additional higher level topics)
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe an example of learned behaviour.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.8: General anesthetics act on the neurotransmitters in neuron synapses. Explain the effect of...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6c: Predict whether an animal such as a laboratory rat could be encouraged to learn a new behaviour...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6d: Using an example, describe how innate behaviour may increase the chances of survival of a species.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.7: Explain, using examples, the neurological effects of inhibitory psychoactive drugs.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6a: The diagram shows the mechanism of action of the psychoactive drug cocaine. Suggest how...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6b: Dopamine acts as a slow-acting neurotransmitter. Outline one function of slow-acting...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6c: Outline the structure of a reflex arc.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a: State the most common length of M. edulis eaten by the C. maenas population.
-
17M.3.HL.TZ2.7b:
Suggest reasons for the length you stated in (a) being the most common length of M. edulis that C. maenas eat.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.05b:
Explain the use of a local anesthetic during surgery to remove the cataract.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.06a: State the effect of simulated ship noise on foraging behaviour.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.06b:
Predict the consequences on C. maenas of increasing noise related to human activity.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.08:
Outline innate and learned behaviour.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.7a: Drug misuse and abuse are major health problems in the world. The diagram shows the correlation...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.7b:
Addiction may be affected by social environment. Outline one other named factor that can affect addiction to drugs.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.7c:
Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour in the development of birdsong.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.7d:
Outline an example of a change in animal behaviour as a result of natural selection.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7a: State the effector in this reflex arc.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7b: With reference to the experiments on habituation, state the effect of repeated stimulation on the...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7c: With reference to the withdrawal of the siphon in Aplysia californica, explain the concept of...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7d: Amphetamines act on synapses that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter by increasing the release of...
-
18M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Compare and contrast innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Outline how this experiment shows learned behaviour.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Deduce, with a reason, whether the patient is left-handed or right-handed.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6c.i: Define, with an example, operant conditioning.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6c.ii: Define, with an example, imprinting.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.6d: Outline the effects of slow-acting neurotransmitters.
-
18N.3.HL.TZ0.7:
The drawing shows male and female Emperor birds of paradise (Paradisaea guilielmi ) found in Papua New Guinea.
Suggest how the external features and courtship behaviour of these birds of paradise affect reproductive success.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the difference in the number of former users of MDMA and those who have never used the...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Outline the evidence that MDMA leads to impulsive behaviour.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Explain the effect MDMA has on the metabolism in the brain.
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
A dog owner wants to teach a dog to stop jumping up on people.
[Source: © Nevit Dilmen]
Explain how operant conditioning could be used to train the dog.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Distinguish between learned behaviour and innate behaviour.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.5b.i:
Evaluate how the data supports the hypothesis that honeybees are able to learn to use cues to find the path through new mazes.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.5b.ii: Suggest an advantage of such behaviour.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.i:
Suggest a reason for the plateau in the graph when only one crab is present in the cage.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.ii:
Determine whether foraging by crabs is dependent on number of prey (mussels) or number of predators (crabs).
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.6b: Outline the role of natural selection in animal behaviour.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Discuss the effect of endorphins on the central nervous system (CNS) and in pain relief.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Define neurotransmitter.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe how local anesthetics act on the nervous system.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.6c: Describe the main role of slow-acting neurotransmitters in memory and learning.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Courtship behaviour leads to mate selection. Describe innate behaviour.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Explain the implications of courtship behaviour in natural selection.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Outline operant conditioning, giving an example.
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19N.3.HL.TZ0.8:
Explain the effect of a named stimulant drug on the nervous system.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Describe the role of inheritance and learning in birdsongs.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.8a:
Evaluate the hypothesis that females prefer to mate with males whose feathers are a brighter blue.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain how natural selection can cause mate selection behaviour patterns to develop in a species such as eastern bluebirds.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.8c: Another type of behaviour is altruistic behaviour. Outline an example of altruistic behaviour.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.9:
Explain how psychoactive drugs affect the nervous system.