| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 5 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The diagram shows part of a human retina.
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
Identify the cells labelled A and B.
A:
B:
Photoreceptors in the retina sense light. State the name of another type of receptor with an example of the stimulus it detects.
Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex of the brain.
Markscheme
[Source: reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Parallel processing in the mammalian retina, Heinz Wässle, 2004, Nat Rev Neurosci 5,
747–757 (2004) doi:10.1038/nrn1497]
Accept any arrow pointing upwards.
A: bipolar cell
B: ganglion cell ✔
Both required.
a. mechanoreceptors «detect» pressure ✔
b. chemoreceptors «detect» chemical substances/pH ✔
c. thermoreceptors «detect» temperature ✔
Mark only the first answer if more than one receptor is mentioned.
Accept valid other receptors with the correct function.
a. «right» eye receives information/stimuli/light from both «left and right» visual fields ✔
b. light from the left visual field goes to the right side of the retina ✔ Accept vice versa.
c. impulses «from retina» carried along the optic nerve ✔
d. «optic» nerves cross at «optic» chiasma ✔
e. impulses from the left side of the retina go to the left side of the brain ✔ Accept vice versa.
Accept any of these points made on an annotated diagram.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.i: Identify the cell labelled X.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Compare and contrast the mechanisms involved in hearing sounds in individuals with and...
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.i:
Using the letter M, label the structures which detect movement of the head.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Explain how sounds of different wavelengths are distinguished by the ear.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Approximately 350 000 people worldwide have received cochlear implants. Outline the use of...
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.6c:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.ii: Draw an arrow to show the direction of light through the retina.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii:
Annotate the diagram with an X to show the internal location where a cochlear implant is placed.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.06c: Outline how the hearing of a deaf or partially deaf person could be improved.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.ii:
Using the letter A, label where sound is amplified.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: The diagram shows the anatomy of the human ear. Label the cochlea on the diagram.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: State the function of the bones in the middle ear.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.i: Explain how neurons at rest still consume energy.
-
19N.3.HL.TZ0.5a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the role of ganglion cells in the eye.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: State the name of the photoreceptor shown.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Distinguish between a photoreceptor and an olfactory receptor.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6d: State the type of receptor that detects odours.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Graph 1 shows the range of light wavelengths detected by the three types of cone cells in...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ1.6c:
Explain the function of the semicircular canals.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: Explain the structure of the semicircular canals in relation to their functions.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Describe the role of bipolar cells in the eye.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.iii: Describe the relationship between energy consumption and transmission rate.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: State the range of sound frequencies detected by the ear.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex...
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.7a:
Identify the structures labelled I and II
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.4a:
Human speech occurs at a volume of approximately 60 dB and at frequencies between 125 Hz and 4000 Hz. Outline whether the woman would hear all conversations with both ears.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State the part of the ear that is responsible for detecting movement of the head.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.ii: Identify the species with photoreceptors that have the fastest signalling transmission rate.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The woman suffers from otosclerosis in the right ear, a condition where the bones of the...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Suggest, with reference to the structure of the ear, a reason that a cochlear implant requires an amplifier.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.4c:
Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7a: Identify the structure labelled X.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii:
Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: Outline the relationship between the distance from the oval window and the sound frequency...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: Identify the structure in the inner ear that is in contact with the stapes.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.8: Explain how the eye detects stimuli and sends information to the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: Identify the structures labelled X and Y in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.ii: Suggest one reason for hearing loss caused by extended exposure to high intensity sound.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.06b:
Explain the function of the cochlea in hearing.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.6c:
Describe the normal function of the cochlea.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the effect of the cochlear implant on hearing.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.7a:
Outline the trend in large tree finch song frequency.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.6a:
Identify the part of the ear labelled X.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.i: State the type of sensory receptors that detect sound.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Sensory receptors are divided into different categories. Hair cells in the cochlea are...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7b: Explain how sound from an outside source causes movement of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Photoreceptors in the retina sense light. State the name of another type of receptor with an...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Identify the structure labelled Y in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6e: Outline the function of the stapes.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.05c:
Describe red-green colour blindness.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Describe how the inner ear detects audible sounds.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
Explain how the human eye is able to distinguish between different colours of light.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Outline the function of one named photoreceptor in the mammalian eye.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
Label the pupil and the retina on the diagram.
[Source: Holly Fischer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye#/media/File:Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.png]
