| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 6 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The diagram shows a magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a human brain.
On the diagram, label the visual cortex.
Identify the structure labelled X.
Explain how a functional MRI (fMRI) can be used to identify the function of parts of the brain.
Markscheme
Accept any label within the area shown on the image
pituitary gland ✔
a. magnetic field is used to make pictures of brain/organs/structures ✔
b. an fMRI shows changes in blood flow ✔
c. increased blood flow associated with activity in specific areas of the brain ✔
d. performance of task matched with active area of brain ✔
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6c: Identify the area of the brain labelled X in the image.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Identify the area of the brain responsible for processing visual stimuli.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.5c:
Outline the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique for brain research.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: State the property of the nervous system that allows it to change with experience and allows...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Explain the use of the pupil reflex as a test for brain damage.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline the benefits of using fMRI in this experiment.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04b:
Suggest a role for the cerebral cortex in rodents such as rats and mice.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.ii:
State a function of the cerebellum.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.ii: Outline how the diagram can be identified as a human brain and not the brain of a monkey.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: The diagrams show a rat brain and a human brain. They are not drawn to scale. Distinguish...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iii: Suggest one reason for two different language groups being used in the study.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: State the function of the visual cortex.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.i: On the diagram, label the visual cortex.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Predict the difference that would be seen if the cerebral cortex of a human and a gorilla...
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.7:
Discuss the methods used to identify the role of specific parts of the brain.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05b: Outline the reason that Broca’s area is more developed in humans than other primates.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.iii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Medulla oblongata
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.7a.i:
Label the diagram to show part of the visual cortex of the brain.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: The metabolic rate is the energy used per kilogram of mass per day. Calculate the metabolic...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5b:
Suggest one reason that the relative brain mass of Homo is different from Parapithecus and Australopithecus.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.ii: Identify the structure labelled X.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.i: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the following symptom is...
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.i: State which group has the lowest percentage of cerebral cortex mass.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.i: Identify the area of the brain which is labelled with the white arrow in the fMRI.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
(i) Identify the structure labelled X.
(ii) Outline the function of X in the human brain
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of...
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: On the diagram, label one named structure that produces hormones.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Using only the data in the table, distinguish between the use of energy in the brain and in...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.v: Suggest what might result if a deaf individual who uses sign language has a lesion in the...
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.i: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Broca’s area
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Outline the function of Broca’s area.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.4e: State one activity controlled by the medulla oblongata.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05c: Suggest how an injury to the brain can help in understanding brain function.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.07c.ii: State the area of the human brain that may have been damaged when the followingsymptom is...
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04c:
Explain how the cerebral cortex in humans differs from other mammals.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.6a: Outline the neural control of the process of swallowing.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the function of the nucleus accumbens.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: The image shows a normal human brain in vertical section. Identify the parts of the brain...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: The brain requires a large energy input. Suggest one reason for this.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: Evaluate the use of the pupil reflex to test for brain damage.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.i: Identify the structure labelled A.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: State the name of the technique used to produce the image.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Identify the structures found at I, II and III. I: II: III:
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5c: A person with Alzheimer’s disease typically has a reduced nucleus accumbens. Predict how this...
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: State the difference in the cerebral cortex between the two images of the brain.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
State the trend in relative brain mass in primates other than humans according to their time of divergence from humans.
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.i:
Label the cerebellum on image I.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4a: The human brain is larger than the brain of many animals. Identify one other difference...
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.5c:
State the type of cell in the retina which directly transmits impulses through the optic nerve to the brain.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.04a.ii:
Suggest advantages of the cerebral cortex containing a high percentage of the brain’s neurons.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Draw a ray of light entering the left eye from point P.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5a.i: Label the cerebellum on the diagram.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: In a study of brain organization, several factors were investigated. The relationship between...
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Explain two methods that scientists have used to determine the different functions of the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.iv: Outline how fMRI is used in brain studies.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.i: Information about the light from P entering the left eye is processed in the brain. State...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: State the name of the part of the brain that controls breathing rate.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Outline one reason for the large energy requirement of the brain.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Compare and contrast the rank order of body mass and brain volume in the six species of mammals.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Suggest one reason for the difference between the brain and skeletal muscle in metabolic rate.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.05a.ii:
List two functions of the structure labelled A.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Outline one method that can be used to investigate the function of different parts of the brain.
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19M.3.SL.TZ1.4a:
State the name of the general area of the brain affected by this stroke.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: Outline the function of the autonomic nervous system in the human body.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6: The graph shows the relationship between body mass and brain volume in three groups of...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.8: Explain how information from the left and right sides of the visual field is processed.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Compare and contrast the effects of THC and CBD on the areas of the brain studied.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Compare and contrast the sensory and motor functions of the left and right cerebral...
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
With reference to structures visible in the diagrams, explain how the human brain is more evolved for higher order functions than the baboon brain.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.4d: Outline the role of the brain in involuntary control.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.5c.ii: State one function of each of the following areas of the brain. Nucleus accumbens
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4b.ii: Compare the general patterns of activation in the brain shown when all of the individuals in...
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.7b:
Explain how the pupil of the eye can be used to assess brain damage.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: Explain the neural control of swallowing.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.7b: Explain how studies of lesions have helped to identify the functions of different parts of...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.7: Explain the autonomic control of the pupil of the eye and how the pupil reflex is used to...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.5c:
Deduce, with a reason, whether the relative brain mass is a good indicator of brain development.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Outline the organization of the human cerebral cortex with regard to structure and function.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: The folding of the cerebral hemispheres is extensive and varies between different mammals....
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: Suggest one way in which multiple sclerosis has affected the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.4d: Explain the need for the adult human brain to be supplied continuously with a relatively...
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.5d:
The images show the differences in glucose uptake between the brain of a person without Alzheimer’s disease (image I) and the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease (image II). The key indicates the levels of glucose uptake.
Deduce the implications of reduced glucose uptake in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Explain how autopsy and lesions can be used to identify the role of different brain parts.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.5a.ii: State one function of the cerebellum.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: The cortex of the brain consists of several regions. State whether this view of the brain...
