| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 17N.3.HL.TZ0.06 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Predict | Question number | 06 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Noise from ships has the capacity to disrupt the foraging behaviour of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas). In this study, C. maenas were collected from Newquay Harbour in the UK and held for a maximum of 48 hours in salt-water tanks located at a neighbouring aquarium. The graph shows the effect of simulated ship noise on the time spent foraging for food by C. maenas.
[Source: Republished with permission of Elsevier Science and Technology Journals, from ‘Noise negatively affects foraging and antipredator behaviour in shore crabs’, Matthew A. Wale, Stephen D. Simpson, Andrew N. Radford, Animal Behaviour 86, 2013; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc]
State the effect of simulated ship noise on foraging behaviour.
Predict the consequences on C. maenas of increasing noise related to human activity.
Markscheme
foraging behaviour disrupted more «in the presence of simulated ship noise»
a. affects searching for food/foraging/selecting optimum prey
b. increased risk of starvation/less food «for survival»
c. cause migration/relocation/moving to other foraging area
d. individuals less distracted by noise will survive
OWTTE
OR
leads to natural selection
e. decline in population
[Max 3 Marks]
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain how natural selection can cause mate selection behaviour patterns to develop in a species such as eastern bluebirds.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.8c: Another type of behaviour is altruistic behaviour. Outline an example of altruistic behaviour.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.06a: State the effect of simulated ship noise on foraging behaviour.
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.7b:
Suggest reasons for the length you stated in (a) being the most common length of M. edulis that C. maenas eat.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a: State the most common length of M. edulis eaten by the C. maenas population.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.7c:
Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour in the development of birdsong.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Courtship behaviour leads to mate selection. Describe innate behaviour.
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.8:
Compare and contrast innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.8a:
Evaluate the hypothesis that females prefer to mate with males whose feathers are a brighter blue.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Explain the implications of courtship behaviour in natural selection.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.i:
Suggest a reason for the plateau in the graph when only one crab is present in the cage.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.6b: Outline the role of natural selection in animal behaviour.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.6a.ii:
Determine whether foraging by crabs is dependent on number of prey (mussels) or number of predators (crabs).
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.7d:
Outline an example of a change in animal behaviour as a result of natural selection.
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18N.3.HL.TZ0.7:
The drawing shows male and female Emperor birds of paradise (Paradisaea guilielmi ) found in Papua New Guinea.
Suggest how the external features and courtship behaviour of these birds of paradise affect reproductive success.
