Drug misuse and abuse are major health problems in the world. The diagram shows the correlation between physical harm and dependence for various psychoactive drugs.

Identify an example of inhibitory drug shown in the diagram.

Addiction may be affected by social environment. Outline one other named factor that can affect addiction to drugs.

Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour in the development of birdsong.

Outline an example of a change in animal behaviour as a result of natural selection.

benzodiazepines / alcohol / THC /barbiturates

EITHER

a. genetic predisposition 

b. metabolic/enzyme differences (e.g. in processing of alcohol) 

OR

a. dopamine secretion 

b. addictive drugs trigger (higher) secretion/extracellular levels of dopamine (which causes positive effect on mood) 

a. innate behaviour is controlled by genes/inherited while learned is not inherited 

b. the early birdsong pattern is genetically determined/innate 

c. learned behaviour occurs as a result of experience while innate is independent of environment 

d. (Later) birds modify their (early) song pattern based on learning from adults/other birds/the environment

Note that mpa and mpc have two parts that are both required for the mark to be awarded. They are comparisons.

a. named animal and traditional behavior 

b. natural selection pressure with resulting animal response

Accept common or general names of organisms.

Examples of change in colour (peppered moth) are not behavioural changes.

Example:

a. blackcap/warbler migrates to Spain 

b. warmer winters in UK / more food resulting in selection of those migrating to UK / increased numbers / greater survival 

OR

a. native green lizards traditionally occupy the lower branches and trunks of Florida’s trees 

b. now live in upper branches due to pressure caused by competition of Invasive brown lizard (Over 20 generations/15 years developed sticky foot pads to hold on to smoother branches) 

OR

a. House finches in California are sedentary/do not migrate 

b. Introduced into New York (about 1940) and increasing numbers migrate south during the winter months to warmer conditions/more food