| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 17N.3.HL.TZ0.05 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Describe | Question number | 05 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye, resulting in blurred vision.
[Source: Cataract in Human Eye, Rakesh Ahuja, MD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract#/media/File:Cataract_in_human_eye.png)]
Explain the use of a local anesthetic during surgery to remove the cataract.
Describe red-green colour blindness.
Markscheme
a. reduction/elimination of pain
OR
to block sensory perception
b. blocks synaptic transmission between «sensory neurons and CNS»
OWTTE
c. allows patient to remain aware
d. prevent reflex causing blinking/eye movement
OWTTE
[Max 2 Marks]
a. sex/X-linked «genetic trait»
b. results from absent/defective cone cells
c. cannot distinguish between red and green
[Max 2 Marks]
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.i: Identify the cell labelled X.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Compare and contrast the mechanisms involved in hearing sounds in individuals with and...
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.i:
Using the letter M, label the structures which detect movement of the head.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7c: Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Explain how sounds of different wavelengths are distinguished by the ear.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Approximately 350 000 people worldwide have received cochlear implants. Outline the use of...
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.6c:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.04d.ii: Draw an arrow to show the direction of light through the retina.
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19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii:
Annotate the diagram with an X to show the internal location where a cochlear implant is placed.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.06c: Outline how the hearing of a deaf or partially deaf person could be improved.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06a.ii:
Using the letter A, label where sound is amplified.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5d: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: The diagram shows the anatomy of the human ear. Label the cochlea on the diagram.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: State the function of the bones in the middle ear.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.i: Explain how neurons at rest still consume energy.
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19N.3.HL.TZ0.5a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7c: Explain the role of ganglion cells in the eye.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: State the name of the photoreceptor shown.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Distinguish between a photoreceptor and an olfactory receptor.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6d: State the type of receptor that detects odours.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.5a: Graph 1 shows the range of light wavelengths detected by the three types of cone cells in...
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.6c:
Explain the function of the semicircular canals.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.7b: Explain the structure of the semicircular canals in relation to their functions.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5c: Describe the role of bipolar cells in the eye.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.6b:
Outline the role of the ear in balance perception.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.iii: Describe the relationship between energy consumption and transmission rate.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: State the range of sound frequencies detected by the ear.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6a: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain, using the diagram, how the visual stimuli from the right eye reach the visual cortex...
-
19N.3.SL.TZ0.6a:
On the diagram, draw an arrow showing the direction of the light.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.7a:
Identify the structures labelled I and II
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.6b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.4a:
Human speech occurs at a volume of approximately 60 dB and at frequencies between 125 Hz and 4000 Hz. Outline whether the woman would hear all conversations with both ears.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: State the part of the ear that is responsible for detecting movement of the head.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5b: Identify the cells labelled A and B. A: B:
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4b.ii: Identify the species with photoreceptors that have the fastest signalling transmission rate.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The woman suffers from otosclerosis in the right ear, a condition where the bones of the...
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.6b:
Suggest, with reference to the structure of the ear, a reason that a cochlear implant requires an amplifier.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.4c:
Explain the role of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7a: Identify the structure labelled X.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.ii:
Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: Outline the relationship between the distance from the oval window and the sound frequency...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: Identify the structure in the inner ear that is in contact with the stapes.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.8: Explain how the eye detects stimuli and sends information to the brain.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: Identify the structures labelled X and Y in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: Describe the use of cochlear implants in deaf patients.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.ii: Suggest one reason for hearing loss caused by extended exposure to high intensity sound.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.06b:
Explain the function of the cochlea in hearing.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.6c:
Describe the normal function of the cochlea.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the effect of the cochlear implant on hearing.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.7a:
Outline the trend in large tree finch song frequency.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.6a:
Identify the part of the ear labelled X.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.i: State the type of sensory receptors that detect sound.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Sensory receptors are divided into different categories. Hair cells in the cochlea are...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.7b: Explain how sound from an outside source causes movement of the hair cells in the cochlea.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.5c: Photoreceptors in the retina sense light. State the name of another type of receptor with an...
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.4a.i: Identify the parts of the ear labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Identify the structure labelled Y in the diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.6e: Outline the function of the stapes.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7: Describe how the inner ear detects audible sounds.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.8:
Explain how the human eye is able to distinguish between different colours of light.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Outline the function of one named photoreceptor in the mammalian eye.
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.5a:
Label the pupil and the retina on the diagram.
[Source: Holly Fischer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye#/media/File:Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.png]
