All the insects share the feature of having 2 pairs of 'wing-like' structures although there are differences in each animal.

Natural selection causes an increase in the number of dark moths because the birds which eat the moths cannot see the dark forms so easily, as they have better camoflage in polluted environments.

Variation within a species can be caused by mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction.

Mutations (somatic mutations) can occur in mitosis but these will change the individual, not inherited characteristics.

More offspring are produced by the best adapted individuals while less well adapted individuals die or produce fewer offspring.

Adaptations / characteristics are passed on to offspring (inheritance).

In this example camouflage (low conspicuousness) of the model is an advantageous adaptation.

Natural selection increases the frequency of the better adaptations and decreases the frequency of other characteristics. This leads to changes in the gene poll and the characteristics within the species

Meiosis is a source of variation because it produces cells with a random selection of chromosomes.

This moss plant has a small, structure, simple leaves, no vascular tissue, no seeds, it reproduces using spores. It's a Bryophyte.

Conifer trees have vascular tissues and narrow leaves (like needles)
They have roots and woody stems too (especially these Redwood trees)

Plants producing flowers with petals are usually angiospermophyta - they reproduce using seeds

Platyhelmintha have bilateral symmetry

Yes - Molluscs - have a body made from a muscular foot, they also have a digestive system with a mouth and anus.. Many have bilateral symmetry, but there are exceptions. They all have a 'mantle' and often a shell, but not all, e.g. slugs.

The number of differences correlates to the time during evolution when the species diverged.
The smaller the number the most recent divergence between the two species.

Homologous structures evolved from a common ancestor and have a similar structure but this structure may be modified to adapted to a different function.

If a population does not reproduce sexually then mutation is the only source of variation. In sexually reproducing organisms, there is also meiosis and random mating so that option is corect but not an answer to the question (distractor). Many flowering plants reproduce both sexually and asexually,

The survival of the offspring that have the best adaptations causes more of their alleles of essential genes to be passed on to the next generation. These individuals are more likely to reproduce successfully, so their genes get passed on through reproduction.

The only alternative that corresponds with evolution is when certain inheritable characteristics give survival advantage in a population under different abiotic factors.

If base species are identical, the two types of organisms may be the same species, the fewer difference there are in the base sequences taken from the two species, the closer the evolutionary relationship.

Similarities in DNA base sequences, physical features and amino acid sequences in polypeptides are used to construct cladograms but the cladogram only illustrates evolutionary relationships

A cladogram traces evolutionary relationships from a single common ancestor. A clade must include all of the descendents of this common ancestor.

Analogous structures have different structures which have evolved from different origins, but they the have the same function (e.g. wings of a bird and an insect).