DP Physics Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Evidence through experimentation: Scientists from the 17th and 18th centuries were working without the knowledge of atomic structure and sometimes developed theories that were later found to be incorrect, such as phlogiston and perpetual motion capabilities. Our current understanding relies on statistical mechanics providing a basis for our use and understanding of energy transfer in science. (1.8)

Understandings:

• Molecular theory of solids, liquids and gases
• Temperature and absolute temperature
• Internal energy
• Specific heat capacity
• Phase change
• Specific latent heat

Applications and skills:

• Describing temperature change in terms of internal energy
• Using Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales and converting between them
• Applying the calorimetric techniques of specific heat capacity or specific latent heat experimentally
• Describing phase change in terms of molecular behaviour
• Sketching and interpreting phase change graphs
• Calculating energy changes involving specific heat capacity and specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization

Guidance:

• Internal energy is taken to be the total intermolecular potential energy + the total random kinetic energy of the molecules
• Phase change graphs may have axes of temperature versus time or temperature versus energy
• The effects of cooling should be understood qualitatively but cooling correction calculations are not required

Data booklet reference:

International-mindedness:

• The topic of thermal physics is a good example of the use of international systems of measurement that allow scientists to collaborate effectively

Theory of knowledge:

• Observation through sense perception plays a key role in making measurements. Does sense perception play different roles in different areas of knowledge?

Utilization:

• Pressure gauges, barometers and manometers are a good way to present aspects of this sub-topic
• Higher level students, especially those studying option B, can be shown links to thermodynamics (see Physics topic 9 and option sub-topic B.4)
• Particulate nature of matter (see Chemistry sub-topic 1.3) and measuring energy changes (see Chemistry sub-topic 5.1)
• Water (see Biology sub-topic 2.2)

Aims:

• Aim 3: an understanding of thermal concepts is a fundamental aspect of many areas of science
• Aim 6: experiments could include (but are not limited to): transfer of energy due to temperature difference; calorimetric investigations; energy involved in phase changes

Directly related questions

• 18M.1.SL.TZ2.13: A sealed container contains water at 5 °C and ice at 0 °C. This system is thermally isolated from...
• 18M.1.SL.TZ2.12: A container that contains a fixed mass of an ideal gas is at rest on a truck. The truck now moves...
• 18M.1.SL.TZ2.11: The graph shows how the temperature of a liquid varies with time when energy is supplied to the...
• 18M.2.SL.TZ1.2b.i: Calculate, in kg, the mass of the gas.
• 18M.1.SL.TZ1.11: What are the units of the...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.1b.i: Determine the gradient of the line at a temperature of 80 °C.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.1c.ii: Using an appropriate error calculation, justify the number of significant figures that should be...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.1c.i: Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of the water from 75 °C to 85 °C.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.4b.ii: Outline the difference between the molecular structure of a solid and a liquid.
• 17N.2.SL.TZ0.4b.i: Determine the energy required to melt all of the ice from –20 °C to water at a temperature of 0...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.10: A 1.0 kW heater supplies energy to a liquid of mass 0.50 kg. The temperature of the liquid...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.9: The fraction of the internal energy that is due to molecular vibration varies in the different...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.1b.ii: State the unit for the quantity represented by the gradient in your answer to (b)(i).
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3c.ii: Suggest one other energy loss in the experiment and the effect it will have on the value for the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3c.i: The mass of the resistance wire is 0.61 g and its observed temperature rise is 28 K. Estimate the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6d: At the instant of impact the meteorite which is made of ice has a temperature of 0 °C. Assume...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1a.ii: Some of the gravitational potential energy transferred into internal energy of the skis, slightly...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.11: A mass m of ice at a temperature of –5 °C is changed into water at a temperature of 50...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.10: The graph shows the variation with time t of the temperature T of two samples, X and Y. X and Y...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.15: Two pulses are travelling towards each other. What is a possible pulse shape when the pulses...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: A liquid is initially at its freezing point. Energy is removed at a uniform rate from the liquid...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Define internal energy.
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.3b: The experiment is repeated using the same mass of crushed ice. Suggest the effect, if any, of...
• 16M.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Using the data, estimate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.10: Energy is supplied at a constant rate to a fixed mass of a material. The material begins as a...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.7: A container with 0.60kg of a liquid substance is placed on a heater at time t=0. The...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.10: A substance is heated at constant power. The graph...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.6: Which of the following is numerically equal to the specific heat capacity of the substance of a...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.8: Which of the following is equivalent to a temperature of –100°C? A. –373 K B. –173 K C. 173...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.10: Equal masses of water at 80°C and paraffin at 20°C are mixed in a container of negligible thermal...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ1.10: Molecules leave a boiling liquid to form a vapour. The vapour and the liquid have the same...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.9: A sample of solid copper is heated beyond its melting point. The graph shows the variation of...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: Explain, in terms of the energy of its molecules, why the temperature of a pure substance does...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: This question is about internal energy. (i) Mathilde raises the temperature of water in an...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ1.10: A fixed mass of water is heated by an electric heater of unknown power P. The following...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ1.11: A block of iron of mass 10 kg and temperature 10°C is brought into contact with a block of iron...
• 14M.1.SL.TZ2.11: The specific latent heat is the energy required to change the phase of A. one kilogram of a...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.13: An ideal gas expands at constant pressure. The graph shows the relationship between pressure P...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ1.5e: (i) Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance. (ii) Explain, in terms of the...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ1.5f: A piece of ice is placed into a beaker of water and melts completely. The following data are...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.10: When 1800 J of energy is supplied to a mass m of liquid in a container, the temperature of the...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.8: A container holds 40 g of argon-40 \(\left( {_{{\text{18}}}^{{\text{40}}}{\text{Ar}}} \right)\)...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.11: Two objects are in thermal contact and are at different temperatures. What is/are determined by...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.9: Two objects are in thermal contact, initially at different temperatures. Which of the following...
• 14N.1.SL.TZ0.11: The following can be determined for a solid substance. I. The average kinetic...
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5f.i: Discuss the changes to the energy of the lead spheres.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5e: Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat.
• 15N.2.SL.TZ0.5f.ii: The specific heat capacity of lead is...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.6: Two objects are in thermal contact, initially at different temperatures. Which of the following...
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.4e: Describe, with reference to molecular behaviour, the process of melting ice.
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.4f.ii: The following data are available.      Specific heat capacity of water    ...
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.4g: The whole of the experiment in (f)(i) and (f)(ii) is repeated with a container of negligible mass...
• 14N.2.SL.TZ0.4f.i: After a time interval of 45.0 s all of the ice has reached a temperature of 0 °C without any...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: Outline why a given mass of molten zinc has a greater internal energy than the same mass of solid...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ2.2b: Molten zinc cools in an iron mould.  The temperature of the iron mould was 20° C before the...
• 14M.2.SL.TZ2.4a: State the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
• 11N.1.SL.TZO.10: A pure solid is heated at its melting point. While it is melting the A. mean kinetic energy of...
• 11N.1.SL.TZO.11: Which of the following is equivalent to a temperature of 350 K? A. –623°CB. –77°CC. +77°CD. +623°C
• 11N.1.SL.TZO.12: A liquid-in-glass thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with some hot water. The thermometer is...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.12: A mass of 0.20 kg of water at 20°C is mixed with 0.40 kg of water at 80°C. No thermal energy is...
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.14: The internal energy of any substance is made up of the A. total random kinetic and potential...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.10: The molar mass of magnesium is 24g. 12g of magnesium contains the same number of particles as A....
• 12N.1.SL.TZ0.13: What is the temperature, in K, that is equivalent to 57°C? A. 220B. 273C. 330D. 430
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.9: Molar mass is defined as A. the number of particles in one mole of a substance.B....
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.11: A solid of mass m is initially at temperature ΔT below its melting point. The solid has specific...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.11: The specific latent heat of a substance is defined as the energy required at constant temperature...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.9: Thermal energy is transferred to a solid. Three properties of the solid are I. volumeII....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.11: An ideal gas has an absolute temperature T. The average random kinetic energy of the molecules of...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.9: The total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of an object is equal to...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.10: Oil with volume V has specific heat capacity c at temperature T. The density of oil is ρ. Which...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.10: Which of the following correctly identifies the properties of the molecules of a substance that...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.12a: With respect to a gas, explain the meaning of the terms thermal energy and internal energy.
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.5a: Distinguish between internal energy and thermal energy (heat). Internal energy: Thermal energy:
• 13M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: A 300 W immersion heater is placed in a beaker containing 0.25 kg of water at a temperature of...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.4b: Argon behaves as an ideal gas for a large range of temperatures and pressures. One mole of argon...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.4c: At the temperature of 350 K, the piston in (b) is now freed and the argon expands until its...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ2.9: The temperature of an object is -153°C. Its temperature is raised to 273°C. What is the...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Describe, with reference to the energy of the molecules, the difference in...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ2.3a: Distinguish between internal energy and thermal energy.
• 11M.2.SL.TZ2.3c: A piece of iron is placed in a kiln until it reaches the temperature θ of the...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: Define specific heat capacity.
• 12M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: The following data are available. Mass of water = 0.35 kgMass of iron = 0.58 kgSpecific heat...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.5a: Distinguish between the concepts of internal energy and temperature.
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: An athlete loses 1.8 kg of water from her body through sweating during a training session that...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.2a: Distinguish between the concepts of internal energy and temperature.
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.7a: The Pobeda ice island forms regularly when icebergs run aground near the Antarctic ice shelf. The...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Suggest the likely effect on the average albedo of the region in which the island was floating as...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4h: In an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of vaporization of water, steam at 100°C was...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4i: Explain why, other than measurement or calculation error, the accepted value of L is greater than...
• 13N.2.SL.TZ0.4g: Water at constant pressure boils at constant temperature. Outline, in terms of the energy of the...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.11: What is the mass of carbon-12 that contains the same number of atoms as 14 g of silicon-28? A. 6...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.12: A heater of constant power heats a liquid of mass m and specific heat capacity c. The graph...
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.10: A solid piece of tungsten melts into liquid without a change in temperature. Which of the...
• 11M.2.SL.TZ1.6c: After 10 s the ball has fallen 190 m. (i) Show that the sum of the potential and kinetic...
• 09M.1.SL.TZ1.9: A temperature of 23 K is equivalent to a temperature of A.     \( - 300\) °C. B.     \( - 250\)...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.10: Water at a temperature of 0 °C is kept in a thermally insulated container. A lump of ice, also at...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.9: An ice cube and an iceberg are both at a temperature of 0 °C. Which of the following is a correct...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.11: Tanya heats 100 g of a liquid with an electric heater which has a constant power output of 60 W....
• 10N.1.SL.TZ0.9: A system consists of an ice cube placed in a cup of water. The system is thermally insulated from...
• 10N.1.SL.TZ0.10: Thermal energy is added at a constant rate to a substance which is solid at time \(t = 0\). The...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.9: In the table below, which row shows the correct conversion between the Kelvin and Celsius...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.10: Carbon has a relative atomic mass of 12 and oxygen has a relative atomic mass of 16. A sample of...
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.B2Part2.c: State, in terms of molecular structure and their motion, two differences between a liquid and a...