DP Sports, Exercise and Health Science Questionbank

The diagram shows a high jumper performing a Fosbury Flop. During which phase is the centre of mass outside the athlete?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]

What type of movement takes place from Position A to Position B in the diagram?

[Source: Adapted from Kanthi.M.H, George V.I, Mruthyunjaya H.S, “Fuzzy logic control for active Ankle Foot
Orthosis”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (Fuzz IEEE), Hyderabad, India, July 7–10, 2013.]

A. Eversion

B. Inversion

C. Dorsi flexion

D. Plantar flexion

The diagram shows joints in motion. Which shows a muscle undergoing eccentric contraction?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]

Define Newton’s first law of motion.

The diagram shows a motor unit. What is the structure labelled X?

[Source: By Designua / Shutterstock.]

A. Axon

B. Nucleus

C. Cell body

D. Dendrite

Identify the brand of helmet that demonstrated the lowest mean impact force.

Deduce the effect of having a soft-covering cap on the impact force of the different helmets.

Using examples, outline Newton’s three laws of motion during a soccer match.

Outline features of the three different types of muscle found in the body.

Analyse the structure of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibres.

For successful completion, which event requires the greatest angle of release?

A. High jump

B. Long jump

C. Shot put

D. Discus

What is an example of a first-class lever?

A. Triceps contracting, moving the elbow

B. Biceps contracting, moving the elbow

C. Quadriceps contracting, moving the knee

D. Hamstrings contracting, moving the knee

What shortens during muscular contraction according to the sliding filament theory?

A. Z line

B. A band

C. H zone

D. Actin

What is an example of an isotonic eccentric contraction for the triceps?

A. Lowering phase (elbow flexion) in a push-up

B. Lifting phase (elbow extension) in a push-up

C. Execution phase (elbow extension) when throwing a ball

D. Preparation phase (elbow flexion) when throwing a ball

Which term describes a scalar quantity?

A. Acceleration

B. Distance

C. Displacement

D. Velocity

The diagram shows a pole vaulter clearing the bar. Which number represents the correct position of the centre of mass?

[Source: HAY JAMES G., THE BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS TECHNIQUES,
4th Ed., ©1993 Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.]

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Which term is correctly matched to the type of quantity that it measures?

The diagram shows someone performing a tuck dive. How does the angular velocity change when the diver moves from position 2 to position 3 in the diagram?

[Source: Courtesy Swim England.]

A. It decreases to change the moment of inertia.

B. It remains the same in order to conserve momentum.

C. It increases in order to conserve momentum.

D. It is not altered with a change in moment of inertia.

The diagram shows a person performing a somersault dive from a 10 m platform.

Outline how they use the law of conservation of angular momentum to perform a somersault dive.

The diagram shows a person performing a somersault dive from a 10 m platform.

Outline how they use the law of conservation of angular momentum to perform a somersault dive.

The diagram shows a gymnast performing a piked somersault.

[Source: www.gymdrills4profs.com.]

Explain the manipulation of the moment of inertia during the flight and landing phases.

Discuss the structure and function of the leg muscle fibres of an elite long jumper and a marathon runner.

The diagram shows a volleyball player serving right-handed. Which is an example of a first-class lever during the acceleration phase of the serve?

[Source: 4x6/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images.]

A. Extension of the right elbow

B. Flexion of the left elbow

C. Plantar flexion of the right ankle

D. Extension of the left knee

The diagram shows an athlete extending their left elbow while throwing a javelin. According to the sliding filament theory, which occurs in the muscle fibres of the athlete’s left triceps?

[Source: Eric Shamus, Jennifer Shamus: Sports Injury Prevention & Rehabilitation www.accessphysiotherapy.com Copyright
© McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.]

A. The H zone increases.

B. The A band shortens.

C. The Z lines move closer together.

D. The A band lengthens.

Levers are working throughout the body when a basketball player performs a jump shot. Where is the effort applied in the lower right leg?

The diagram shows a motor unit. In which area does the neurotransmitter acetylcholine act?

[Source: Designua / Shutterstock.]

In preparation for a downhill running event, what can an athlete do during initial training to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?

A. Reduce eccentric muscle actions.

B. Increase eccentric muscle actions.

C. Reduce concentric muscle actions.

D. Increase intensity of muscle actions.

Describe how a long jumper can manipulate the factors that affect projectile motion to increase their distance jumped during a competition.

Discuss the structure and function of the leg muscle fibres of an elite long jumper and a marathon runner.

Explain the role of myosin in muscle contraction after adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken down and releases energy.

Analyse the ankle joint movement at take-off when rebounding in basketball in relation to joint action and type of muscle contraction.

Explain how the application of Newton’s third law of motion enables an athlete to run uphill.

Explain DOMS in relation to muscle contraction.

Explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition occurring at the knee when kicking a ball.

Describe the types of movement of the ball and socket joint at the shoulder.

Explain the application of Newton’s three laws of motion to a swimmer as they start a race from the blocks.

Which movement is performed at the ankle joint in the diagram below?

What describes acceleration and the direction of travel during X on the graph below?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]

What happens to the centre of mass when the basketball player prepares to shoot, moving from position A to position B?

[Source: adapted from sdart/iStock]

A. Does not move

B. Moves upwards

C. Moves downwards

D. Moves forwards

What is the structure labelled X in the diagram below?

[Source: Designua/Shutterstock]

A. Axon

B. Muscle

C. Dendrite

D. Cell body

What muscle is the antagonist during flexion at the hip?

A. Iliopsoas

B. Sartorius

C. Gluteus maximus

D. Biceps femoris

Which movement is performed at the ankle joint in the diagram below?

A. Eversion

B. Inversion

C. Dorsi flexion

D. Plantar flexion

Using an example, analyse conditions for acceleration.

Which area around the golf ball has the highest air pressure?

A. W

B. X

C. Y

D. Z

Analyse how capillary and mitochondrial densities affect slow twitch (type I) muscle fibres.

Explain sliding filament theory after acetylcholine (ACh) increases muscle membrane permeability.

Explain sliding filament theory after acetylcholine (ACh) increases muscle membrane permeability.

Analyse how capillary and mitochondrial densities affect slow twitch (type I) muscle fibres.

Explain how acetylcholine (ACh) initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Explain how acetylcholine (ACh) initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Diagram A, shows a gymnast balanced on a beam. In Diagram B, she is about to fall. Explain how a fall can be avoided by moving the body and therefore the centre of mass.

AB

[Source: © Ranko Bojanovic/123RF.COM]

Define delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Which type of contraction occurs in the rectus femoris while performing a squat (moving from position A to B)?

A.  Isometric

B.  Isotonic eccentric

C.  Isotonic concentric

D.  Isokinetic eccentric

The diagram shows the lower leg.

Identify the elements A, B and C of the lever system.

Explain reciprocal inhibition during knee extension when kicking.

Identify the structures A, B and C in the diagram.

Apply Newton’s second law of motion to the distance travelled by a golf ball after being struck.

A skier, when snowplowing, turns the soles of their feet outwards. What action are the feet performing?

A.  Extension

B.  Circumduction

C.  Inversion

D.  Eversion

Identify the structures A, B and C in the diagram.

Outline how the Bernoulli principle affects a golf ball in flight.

Using an example of each, distinguish between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions.

Apply Newton’s second law of motion to the distance travelled by a golf ball after being struck.

Outline how the Bernoulli principle affects a golf ball in flight.

Compare and contrast slow and fast twitch muscle fibre types.

The diagram below shows an arm movement. Which type of movement occurs from A to B?

[Source: © David Darling, http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/angular_momentum.html]

A. Adduction

B. Abduction

C. Elevation

D. Circumduction

The diagram shows elbow extension. Which type of lever is used?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

A. First

B. Second

C. Third

D. No lever is used during elbow extension

Explain the concept of angular momentum when a figure skater spins on ice.

Compare and contrast the structure of fast-twitch (type IIa and IIb) muscle fibres.

The velocity–time graph below shows the performance of two sprinters. Which statement describes the sprinters at 1 second?

[Source: adapted from www.liacoseducationalmedia.com]

A. Sprinter A is moving faster than Sprinter B at 1 second.

B. Sprinter B is moving faster than Sprinter A at 1 second.

C. Sprinter A and Sprinter B are moving at the same velocity at 1 second.

D. Sprinter A and Sprinter B are not moving at 1 second.

An athlete performs a vertical jump on a force plate. The graph shows the recorded ground reaction force of the athlete.

[Source: adapted from American Journal of Physics 69, 1198 (2001),
with the permission of the American Association of Physics Teachers]

State what happens to the athlete between C and D.

Using an example, outline an agonist.

Compare and contrast the structure of fast-twitch (type IIa and IIb) muscle fibres.

The diagram shows a figure skater spinning on ice.

[Source: © David Darling, http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/angular_momentum.htm]

Explain the concept of angular momentum when a figure skater spins on ice.

The diagram shows a right foot. Which type of movement happens from Position A to Position B?

[Source: used with permission]

A. Dorsi flexion

B. Plantar extension

C. Eversion

D. Inversion