DP Physics Questionbank

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Overview of essential ideas for this option

A.4: The relativity of space and time requires new definitions for energy and momentum in order to preserve the conserved nature of these laws.

A.5: General relativity is applied to bring together fundamental concepts of mass, space and time in order to describe the fate of the universe.

Directly related questions

• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7b: Star S-2 is in an elliptical orbit around a black hole. The distance of S-2 from the centre of...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7a.ii: Calculate the distance of the event horizon of the black hole from its centre.                  ...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.7a.i: Outline what is meant by the event horizon of a black hole.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.6b.ii: The diagram shows the paths of the incident protons together with the proton and neutron created...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.6b.i: Determine, in terms of MeV c–1, the momentum of the pion.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.6a: Calculate the gamma (γ) factor for one of the protons.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.7c: Observer A now sends a beam of light initially parallel to the surface of the planet. Explain...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.7b: Calculate the gravitational field strength on the surface of planet X.                          ...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.7a: Calculate the shift in frequency observed by A in terms of Δf.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: State the rest mass of the pion with an appropriate unit.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.6a.ii: show that the energy of the pion is about 140 MeV.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.8b: Calculate the number of ticks detected in 10 ks by the distant observer.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.8a: Outline why the clock near the black hole runs slowly compared to a clock close to the distant...
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.7b: Determine, using your answer to (a), the initial speed of the \({\Lambda ^0}\) particle.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Determine the rest mass of the \({\Lambda ^0}\) particle.
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.H3c: Calculate the radius that Earth would have to have in order for it to behave as a black hole. The...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.H3b: Outline how the concept of spacetime can be used to explain the (i)     trajectory of the ball...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.H3a: State and explain whether, from the path followed by the ball, Bob can deduce that the spaceship...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.H2b: Calculate the value \(V\) of the potential difference through which an electron at rest must be...
• 10N.3.HL.TZ0.H2a: Calculate, immediately after the decay, the magnitude of the momentum of the electron.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7b: The diagram shows a box that is falling freely in the gravitational field of a planet. A...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a.iii: Suggest why the surface area of the event horizon can never decrease.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a.ii: Show that the surface area A of the sphere corresponding to the event horizon is given...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.7a.i: State what is meant by the event horizon of a black hole.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.6: A lambda \(\Lambda \)0 particle at rest decays into a proton p and a pion \({\pi ^ - }\)...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6b: Explain whether the detected frequency would be greater or less than the emitted frequency.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.6a: Calculate the expected shift in frequency between the emitted and the detected gamma rays.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5b: The proton collides with an antiproton moving with the same speed in the opposite direction. As a...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Calculate the potential difference V.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.9b: Suggest, whether your answer to (a) underestimates or overestimates the correction required to...
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.9a: The gravitational field strength at 20 Mm above the surface of the Earth is about 0.6 N kg–1....
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.8c: Calculate the energy and the momentum for each photon after the collision.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.8b: Determine the speed of the incoming electron.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.8a: Explain, in terms of a conservation law, why two photons need to be created.
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.7b: An observer views a distant spacecraft that is 23.0 km from the centre of a black hole. The...
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.5b: The electron is detected at a distance of 0.800 m from the emitting nucleus as measured in the...
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Show that the speed of the electron is about 0.98c.
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.17c: Newton explained the motion of a planet around the Sun in terms of a force of gravitation between...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.17b: (i)     \({f_{\text{C}}}\) (ii)     \({f_{\text{P}}}\)
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: The pion \(({\pi ^ + })\) emits a muon in the same direction as the velocity of the pion. The...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: (i)     Show that the initial momentum of the pion is...
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.20b: The time between the pulses as measured by the observer on the distant space station is found to...
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.20a: Explain why the light reaching the space station will be red-shifted.
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.19b.iii: Determine the frequency of one of the photons.
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.19b.ii: Outline why two photons must be released in this collision.
• 14N.3.HL.TZ0.19b.i: Calculate the total energy in the reaction.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.15b: The spacecraft leaves the planet with an acceleration of \({\text{5.7 m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 2}}\)....
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.15a.ii: Discuss the shift in frequency of the laser beam.
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.15a.i: Show that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the planet is about...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.13b: The neutral kaon is unstable and one of its possible modes of decay...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.13a.ii: The kaon is accelerated from rest through a potential difference so that its energy becomes three...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.13a.i: Using the grid, sketch a graph showing how the energy of the kaon increases with speed.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.18a: A ray of light is moving at right angles to the direction of the rocket according to the same...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.17b: Einstein’s theory of general relativity.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.17a: Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.16c: speed.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: momentum.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: total energy.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.16c: An observer, when viewing a distant galaxy, sees two images of the galaxy separated by a small...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: A spaceship is travelling towards the object in (a). The spaceship moves in a straight line such...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.16a: Calculate the Schwarzschild radius for an astronomical object of mass 5.0 ×1030 kg.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: The electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. The graph shows how the...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: Calculate the speed of an electron when its total energy is equal to five times its rest mass...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.18a: State the principle of equivalence.
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.19: This question is about evidence that supports general relativity. The astronomical photograph...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.16: This question is about relativistic dynamics. A proton is accelerated from rest through a...
• 14M.3.HL.TZ1.18b: An observer in a spaceship moving at constant speed measures the frequency f0 of light emitted by...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.15a: A proton is accelerated from rest by a potential difference V and reaches a speed of 2.5×108 m...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.16a: Deduce the change in the frequency of the gamma rays, as measured by the observer, when the...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Outline, with reference to the principle of equivalence, how the situation in (a) relates to the...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.17a: Explain, with reference to the warping of spacetime, the gravitational attraction between Earth...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.19a: Sirius B has a mass of 2.0×1030 kg. Calculate the minimum density required for Sirius B to...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.17a: Calculate the value of V.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.19a: State the equivalence principle.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.18b: Calculate the speed of the proton after acceleration.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.19b: A helium filled balloon is floating in air inside a spacecraft in outer space. The...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.19c: In an experiment, to verify the bending of light as it passes close to the Sun, the position of a...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.12b: In another experiment, a neutral pion moving at 0.80c relative to a laboratory decayed into two...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.13a: State the principle of equivalence.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.13c: General relativity predicts the existence of black holes. (i) State what is meant by a black...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ1.13b: The gravitational field strength near the surface of a neutron star is 1.2 ×1013Nkg–1. A light...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: Calculate the potential difference through which a proton, starting from rest, must be...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Calculate the momentum of the proton after acceleration.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.17c: Explain how spacetime is used to describe the gravitational attraction between Earth and a...
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.13a: A proton is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. The proton reaches a speed of...
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.13b: Calculate, after acceleration for the proton in (a), its (i) mass. (ii) momentum.
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.14a: Outline why, if the spaceship now accelerates, Kim will measure the light from L1 to be...
• 11N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Suggest, with reference to Einstein’s principle of equivalence, how your answer to (a) leads to...
• 12N.3.HL.TZ0.17b: A gamma-ray photon is emitted from the base of a tower towards the top of the tower. (i)...
• 12N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: Define the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.15b: Determine, using data from the graph, the potential difference required to accelerate...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.15a: The graph shows the variation with the fraction \(\frac{v}{c}\), of the kinetic energy EK of a...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.16a: Show that the speed v of a particle of total energy E and momentum p is given by the following...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.17a: State the equivalence principle.
• 12N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: Explain, using the concept of spacetime, why the path of the light ray is straight at distances...
• 12N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: In a thought experiment, two particles X and Y, each of rest mass 380 MeVc–2, are approaching...
• 12N.3.HL.TZ0.17a: State the principle of equivalence.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.17b: The diagram shows two identical boxes in two different states of motion. In diagram 1 the box...
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.16b: Determine, using the answer in (a), the speed of a particle whose rest mass is zero.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.17c: Radio signals, sent at the same time from Earth, reflect off two satellites X and Y as shown. The...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.13b: For the proton in (a) calculate, after acceleration, its (i) speed. (ii) momentum.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.14b: Outline how the concept of spacetime accounts for the (i) orbiting of Earth about the Sun. (ii)...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.13a: A proton is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. After acceleration the mass...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.17c: The rest mass of rocket 1 is 1.0×103kg. Determine the relativistic kinetic energy of rocket 1, as...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.19a: (i) State how the frequency as measured by observer B compares with the frequency as measured by...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.19b: The lasers are now placed on a spaceship, which is accelerating upwards at a constant rate of...