Radiation was initially classified as alpha, beta and gamma to distinguish between their different properties.
Now we know that these particles are actually helium nuclei, electrons and photons. Is it time to drop the Greek labels?
Key Concepts
Detecting radiation - the ionisation chamber
Radioactive isotopes release alpha, beta and gamma particles. These ionise a gas by knocking electrons off the atoms. This makes the gas able to conduct electricity, which can be used to detect the particles.
Penetrating power
Ionising radiation is stopped by the following materials:
alpha - paper
beta - aluminium
gamma - lead
Essentials
Alpha radiation
Alpha particles are helium nuclei. Alpha radiation results in the loss of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Beta radiation
Beta radiation is the electrons released when neutrons change to protons.
The energy spectrum of beta particles indicates that they have a continuous spread of possible energies. This means that there must be another particle sharing the energy: the neutrino.
Which is the correct order of radiation in terms of ionising ability (most ionising to least ionising)
just the way it is
Which radiation is stopped by a thin sheet of Aluminium?
What is the approximate range of alpha radiation in air?
Depends on their energy but in the order of cm
An isotope with proton number Z and nucleon number Z emits an alpha particle. The proton and nucleon number after the decay are:
loses 2 protons nd 2 neutrons
The chart shows all the stable isotopes
The isotope most likely to undergo alpha decay is
A has too many neutrons and protons
The chart shows all the stable isotopes
The isotope most likely to undergo beta decay is
C has too many neutrons
The graph shows the range of energy for one type of radiation
Which type?
beta radiation is accompanied by a neutrino, this shares the energy
Alpha particles are sometime emitted with 2 different energies when the lower energy alpha is emitted what happens to the rest of the energy available?
later gamma radiation would me emitted.
An isotope with proton number Z and nucleon number Z emits a beta particle. The proton and nucleon number after the decay are:
gains a proton loses a neutron
Exam-style Questions
Online tutorials to help you solve original problems
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