Rutherford model

The Rutherford model has a small positive nucleus at the centre and a lot of empty space. Electrons orbit the nucleus due to electrostatic attraction.

 It's impossible to draw an atom without promoting misconceptions. If the nucleus were a dot the electrons wouldn´t fit on the page! 


Key Concepts

The fact that positive alpha particles are deflected by a thin foil of gold atoms is evidence for the existence of a small positive nucleus. This is an example of a scientific discovery where the theory developed from an experiment.

Scattering

Analysing the path of particles (or waves) bouncing off an object is a common way to find out what that object is.

 Ask a friend to place blob(s) of plasticine under a cover - you would need to roll small balls through to find out where the plasticine is located.

Summary

Nuclei are:

  • Heavy - since they don't move when alpha particles rebound
  • Positive - since they repel alpha particles
  • Small - since only a small number of particles are deflected

Test Yourself

Use quizzes to practise application of theory.


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