Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20 |
Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
Command term | State | Question number | 20 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Liver transplantation is a viable treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute hepatic failure. The graph below shows the main diseases leading to liver transplants, in three age groups.
[Source: European Liver Transplant Registry. http://www.eltr.org/Overall-indication-and-results.html]
One of the functions of the liver is to break down hemoglobin.
Describe the relationship between age and liver transplants due to cancers.
Describe the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
Outline one other function of the liver.
State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
Markscheme
as age increases liver transplant due to cancer increases ✔
a. hemoglobin taken up by Kupffer cells ✔ Do not accept confusion between erythrocytes and hemoglobin.
b. broken down into heme and globins ✔
c. globin hydrolysed/broken down to amino acids ✔
d. iron removed from heme group
OR
heme broken down to form bilirubin/bile pigment ✔
a. storage of nutrients ✔
b. regulation of blood glucose levels ✔ e.g. glucose to glycogen and vice versa.
c. production/secretion of bile ✔ Do not accept production of bile pigments from hemoglobin in the liver.
d. detoxification ✔
e. synthesis of plasma proteins e.g. albumin ✔
f. synthesis and regulation of cholesterol ✔
Accept only the first answer if more than one are provided.
cellulose/lignin/fibre
OR
bacteria ✔