| Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | Time zone 1 |
| Command term | State | Question number | 18 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
State two roles of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
Role 1:
Role 2:
Pancreatic juice is secreted into the pancreatic duct which carries these secretions to the small intestine.
The hormone secretin is released by the small intestine when hydrochloric acid enters it from the stomach. The data below show the volume of pancreatic juice released after an injection of secretin.
Pancreatic secretions contain sodium hydrogen carbonate, making them basic.
Deduce the significance of the response by the pancreas to secretin.
State one cause of stomach ulcers.
Markscheme
a. activation of enzymes/protease/pepsinogen
b. bactericidal action / kills pathogens
c. hydrolysis / breakdown of food
a. secretin stimulates an increase in pancreatic secretions
b. pancreatic secretions are released rapidly / within 10 minutes
c. «NaHCO3 in pancreatic secretions» neutralises stomach acid / HCI
d. provides optimal conditions for digestion / enzymes «in the small intestine»
e. by 40 minutes no more hydrochloric acid enters the small intestine
an infection by Helicobacter pylori / H. pylori
OR
overuse of NSAIDs /aspirin / ibuprofen
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.40: What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy? A. It prevents the degeneration of the corpus...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.18a: On the diagram, label the epithelial cell layer.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20a: State the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.16a: Explain the relationship between infection by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and dehydration.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20c: Explain why proton pump inhibitors alleviate the symptoms of H. pylori infections.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: State one role of fibre in the diet.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17a.ii: State the type of gland that secretes juices into the digestive system.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Pancreatic juice is secreted into the pancreatic duct which carries these secretions to the...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.17a: State the relationship between gastric acidity and GI damage.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21c.i: There are times when pathogenic bacteria infect the stomach, causing ulcers. State a...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17b.i: State where this type of cell can be found in the digestive system.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21a: Outline the function of the stomach in food digestion.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: Hypochlorhydria is a condition whereby patients produce low quantities of stomach acid....
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.17b:
GI damage can include ulcers. Outline the treatment of stomach ulcers.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18c: Outline the role of intestinal villi.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.19b: Distinguish between gastric juice and pancreatic juice using the table.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.19b: Explain the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat patients complaining of stomach pain.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.18d: Cells on the surface of intestinal villi have microvilli, which provide a large surface area...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.20: Outline how infection by Vibrio cholerae can lead to dehydration.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17a.i: State one mechanism that controls gastric secretion.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.17: The bar chart indicates that both males and females in the US eat, on average, less fibre...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.16c: State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.17b:
Explain how Helicobacter pylori can cause stomach ulcers.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.17a:
The table shows the origin and function of gastric secretions in the digestive system.
Identify the missing items by completing the table.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.21c.ii:
There are times when pathogenic bacteria infect the stomach, causing ulcers.
Explain how proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce conditions that favour ulcer formation.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.20a:
State the name of the bacterium that can cause stomach ulcers.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.18d: Explain how epithelial cells in the gut are adapted for absorption.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23b: The bacterium secretes an enzyme that breaks down urea, resulting in an increase in pH....
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23a: Outline the possible consequences of a Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach wall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23c: Explain hormonal control of gastric secretion.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.20c: Components of gastric juice have been thought to aggravate the development of ulcers. Outline...
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.20b:
Compare and contrast the effect of adding antioxidants to nizatidine on the ulcer healing rate.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20b: Outline how gastric acid is produced in the stomach.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21b: State a mechanism by which the stomach destroys pathogens.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.20d: Gastric juice production can be inhibited by the hormone secretin which is a polypeptide....
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Outline control of digestive juice secretion so that digestive juices are only secreted into...
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.17c:
Other than gastric acidity, state a primary cause of stomach ulcers.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.18b: Explain how the epithelial cells are adapted for absorption.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17b.ii: Outline two adaptations of this cell to its function that are visible in this electron...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of gastric juices.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.19: Gastric juice is secreted by the wall of the stomach. Explain how the timing of secretion is...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21b.ii: Explain how the increase in CO2 concentration affects the release of oxygen to respiring cells.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: State two roles of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Role 1: Role 2:
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.19a: Outline the importance of the proton pumps in the digestion of foods.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20c: State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
-
18N.3.HL.TZ0.18e:
In order to compare the absorption of fat and of glucose in the digestive system, state in the table, using yes or no, whether the processes occur.
