| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 20 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
State the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Outline how gastric acid is produced in the stomach.
Explain why proton pump inhibitors alleviate the symptoms of H. pylori infections.
Markscheme
stomach ulcer
OR
stomach cancer
a. sight/smell/«presence of» food in stomach stimulates nervous system
b. nervous system/vagus nerve stimulates gastric glands «to produce gastric acid»
c. gastrin controls release of gastric acid
d. parietal cells «are stimulated to» release gastric/hydrochloric acid/HCl
e. acidity maintained by the proton pump/H+/K+ ATPase
a. as proton pumps are inhibited less protons/H+ into stomach «lumen»
b. «less protons/H+ in stomach» less hydrochloric acid produced
OR
stomach «contents» become less acidic
OWTTE.
c. stomach heals with higher pH
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.40: What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy? A. It prevents the degeneration of the corpus...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.18a: On the diagram, label the epithelial cell layer.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20a: State the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.16a: Explain the relationship between infection by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and dehydration.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: State one role of fibre in the diet.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17a.ii: State the type of gland that secretes juices into the digestive system.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Pancreatic juice is secreted into the pancreatic duct which carries these secretions to the...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.17a: State the relationship between gastric acidity and GI damage.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21c.i: There are times when pathogenic bacteria infect the stomach, causing ulcers. State a...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17b.i: State where this type of cell can be found in the digestive system.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21a: Outline the function of the stomach in food digestion.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: Hypochlorhydria is a condition whereby patients produce low quantities of stomach acid....
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.17b:
GI damage can include ulcers. Outline the treatment of stomach ulcers.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18c: Outline the role of intestinal villi.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.19b: Distinguish between gastric juice and pancreatic juice using the table.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.19b: Explain the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat patients complaining of stomach pain.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.18d: Cells on the surface of intestinal villi have microvilli, which provide a large surface area...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ2.20: Outline how infection by Vibrio cholerae can lead to dehydration.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17a.i: State one mechanism that controls gastric secretion.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.17: The bar chart indicates that both males and females in the US eat, on average, less fibre...
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.16c: State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.17b:
Explain how Helicobacter pylori can cause stomach ulcers.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.17a:
The table shows the origin and function of gastric secretions in the digestive system.
Identify the missing items by completing the table.
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.21c.ii:
There are times when pathogenic bacteria infect the stomach, causing ulcers.
Explain how proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce conditions that favour ulcer formation.
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.20a:
State the name of the bacterium that can cause stomach ulcers.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.18d: Explain how epithelial cells in the gut are adapted for absorption.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23b: The bacterium secretes an enzyme that breaks down urea, resulting in an increase in pH....
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23a: Outline the possible consequences of a Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach wall.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.23c: Explain hormonal control of gastric secretion.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.20c: Components of gastric juice have been thought to aggravate the development of ulcers. Outline...
-
19M.3.HL.TZ2.20b:
Compare and contrast the effect of adding antioxidants to nizatidine on the ulcer healing rate.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.20b: Outline how gastric acid is produced in the stomach.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.21b: State a mechanism by which the stomach destroys pathogens.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.20d: Gastric juice production can be inhibited by the hormone secretin which is a polypeptide....
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Outline control of digestive juice secretion so that digestive juices are only secreted into...
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.17c:
Other than gastric acidity, state a primary cause of stomach ulcers.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.18b: Explain how the epithelial cells are adapted for absorption.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.17b.ii: Outline two adaptations of this cell to its function that are visible in this electron...
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.18b: Explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of gastric juices.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.19: Gastric juice is secreted by the wall of the stomach. Explain how the timing of secretion is...
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21b.ii: Explain how the increase in CO2 concentration affects the release of oxygen to respiring cells.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18a: State two roles of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Role 1: Role 2:
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.18c: State one cause of stomach ulcers.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.19a: Outline the importance of the proton pumps in the digestion of foods.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20c: State one material not produced by the human body that is egested from the digestive system.
-
18N.3.HL.TZ0.18e:
In order to compare the absorption of fat and of glucose in the digestive system, state in the table, using yes or no, whether the processes occur.
