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Topic 3: Energy systems

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Topic 3: Energy systems

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Directly related questions

20N.1.SL.tz0.10:
Which is a condensation reaction?

A. Breaking of the bonds in glycogen and creation of a water molecule

B. Addition of two glucose molecules and creation of a water molecule

C. Breaking of the bonds in glycogen and absorption of a water molecule

D. Addition of two glucose molecules and absorption of a water molecule
20N.1.SL.tz0.14: What are major sites for triglyceride storage in the body? I. Liver II. Skeletal muscle III....
20N.1.SL.tz0.12: What is an anabolic reaction? A. When small molecules are combined into larger molecules B....
20N.1.SL.tz0.13:
The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell. What is the main function of the organelle labelled X?

[Source: Siyavula Education, Grade 10 Life Science: Cell Structure And Function, https://www.siyavula.
com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/cells-the-basic-units-of-life/02-cells-the-basic-units-of-life-02. Everything
Maths and Sciences textbooks can be freely downloaded at www.siyavula.com. Republished under Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.]

A. Protein synthesis

B. Digestion of macromolecules

C. Cellular respiration

D. DNA storage
20N.1.SL.tz0.11:
An untrained individual with healthy BMI starts to train for a marathon. What change should they make to their diet?
20N.2.SL.tz0.6d: Describe the production of ATP from fatty acids.
20N.2.SL.tz0.7c: Describe the function of adrenaline during exercise.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.8e: Explain what happens as an athlete breathes heavily after a 200 m sprint.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.8b: Describe the function of adrenaline during exercise.
20N.2.SL.tz0.8e: Explain what happens as an athlete breathes heavily after a basketball match.
20N.1.HL:.tz0.8: Which are macronutrients? I. Protein II. Water III. Carbohydrate A. I and II only B. I and...
21M.2.SL.tz0.3a:
Outline the functions of protein.
21M.2.SL.tz0.3b.i: Describe essential amino acids.
21M.2.SL.tz0.3b.ii: Identify a source of essential amino acids.
21M.2.SL.tz0.6a:
Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt for an individual hiking 20 km in mountains.
21M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
During the 20 km hike, the hiker stops briefly to have a sandwich for lunch.

Discuss the effects of insulin and exercise on glucose uptake in the hiker’s leg muscles.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10c: Discuss the oxygen debt process which occurs during recovery after a 10 000 m race.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.9c:
Describe the source and role of insulin and glucagon in the body.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10a:
Outline six structures in an animal cell.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10b: Discuss the relative contributions of the three energy systems for a runner during a 100 m sprint...
21M.1.SL.tz0.10: Which are macronutrients? I. Fats II. Carbohydrates III. Water A. I and II only B. I and III...
21M.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the composition of triacylglycerol? A. Three glycerol and one fatty acid molecules B....
21M.1.SL.tz0.12: What is a function of adrenaline? A. Increases stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous...
21M.1.HL:.tz0.8: How do glucose molecules combine to form a disaccharide? A. Condensation reaction B. Catabolic...
21M.1.SL.tz0.13:
What is the definition of cell respiration?

A. The controlled release of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from organic compounds in cells

B. The controlled release of energy in the form of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from organic compounds in cells

C. The controlled release of energy in the form of glycogen from organic compounds in cells

D. The controlled release of energy in the form of carbon dioxide from organic compounds in cells
21M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which energy system is the predominant contributor of ATP for a runner participating in a...
21M.1.HL:.tz0.9:
Which is a source of saturated fat?

A. Palm oil

B. Olive oil

C. Sunflower oil

D. Canola (rapeseed) oil
21N.1.SL.tz0.14:
Which donates a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during the initial stages of intense exercise to regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A. Glycogen

B. Glucose-6-phosphate

C. Amino acid

D. Creatine phosphate
21N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is considered a micronutrient? A. Lipid B. Vitamin C. Water D. Protein
21N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which reaction represents aerobic catabolism? A. Gluconeogenesis B. Lactate formation C....
21N.1.SL.tz0.11: While celebrating with their team, a basketball player wants to eat a pizza that contains...
21N.1.SL.tz0.13: Where is glycogen primarily stored in the body? A. The liver and brain B. The liver and...
21N.1.HL:.tz0.11: During fasting, the body releases hormones that promote the breakdown of glycogen to replenish...
21N.1.HL:.tz0.9: Which element is unique to the molecular formula of protein? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C....
21N.2.SL.tz0.6b: Analyse oxygen deficit.
21N.2.SL.tz0.3a: The diagram represents the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell. Annotate structures...
21N.2.SL.tz0.7a: Carbohydrates are important for muscular contraction during hill walking. Describe the role of...
21N.2.HL:.tz0.5:
Analyse how the dominant energy system contributes to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production during an indoor 60 m sprint.
21N.2.SL.tz0.6c:
Explain the differences in dietary recommendations for a runner during marathon training and a sedentary individual both with healthy body mass index (BMI).
21N.2.HL:.tz0.10a: Analyse oxygen deficit.
21N.2.HL:.tz0.9b:
Explain the differences in dietary recommendations for a runner during marathon training and a sedentary individual both with healthy body mass index (BMI).
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.i: Identify the training method and nutritional component that indicated the greatest proportional...
22M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Giving an example, outline the characteristics of saturated fatty acids.
22M.2.HL:.tz0.10c:
A 1500 m runner accelerates at the start of a race until they reach their desired speed. In the final stage, they sprint towards the finish line. After the race, they perform an active recovery. Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt (EPOC) during and after the race.
22M.1.SL.tz0.11: Which is formed from a catabolic reaction? A. Glucose B. Glycogen C. Adipose tissue D. Protein
22M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which process occurs when blood glucose levels are decreased? A. Glycolysis B. Lipolysis C....
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.iii: With reference to Figure 1, discuss the effect of heavy and moderate training load on...
22M.1.SL.tz0.10: In percentage terms, which provides the greatest source of carbohydrate for an athlete? A....
22M.1.SL.tz0.13:
Which represents the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the aerobic glycolysis system?

A. PC + ADP → 1ATP + C

B. glucose → pyruvate → 2 ATP + lactate + H⁺

C. glucose → pyruvate + O₂ → acetylCoA → Krebs cycle → electron transport chain → 38 ATP + H₂O + CO₂ + heat

D. ADP + P = ATP
22M.1.SL.tz0.14:
The diagram shows an animal cell. What is the function of X?

[Source: Siyavula, n.d. [Animal cell] [image] Available at: https://www.siyavula.com/science/lifesciences/grade-10/02-the-basicunits-of-life/02-the-basic-units-of-life-03.cnxmlplus This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [Accessed 09 August 2017]. Source adapted.]

A. Protein synthesis

B. Controlling gene expression

C. Cell respiration

D. Ingestion and removal of waste
22M.2.SL.tz0.1b: State the composition of a molecule of triacylglycerol.
22M.2.SL.tz0.4b:
Describe the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system.
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.v: Outline two reasons for differences in protein intake between the heavy and moderate training...
22M.2.SL.tz0.6e:
Discuss the factors that determine the dominant energy system.
22M.2.HL:.tz0.12b:
Describe the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system.
16N.2.SL.tz0.4b: Outline the function of glucagon in relation to the breakdown of glycogen when fasting.
16N.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the lactic acid and aerobic system.
16N.2.SL.tz0.4a.ii: Explain how glucose molecules combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
16N.2.SL.tz0.4c: Describe the strengths of the ATP-CP system with regard to the re-synthesis of ATP during a...
16N.2.SL.tz0.4a.i: State the chemical composition of a glucose molecule.
16M.2.SL.tz0.2b: Define the term cell respiration.
16M.2.SL.tz0.5c: Explain the phenomenon of oxygen deficit.
16M.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the function of adrenaline during exercise? A. Stimulates the storage of glycogen B....
16M.2.SL.tz0.6d:
Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems in a footballer during a match.
16M.1.SL.tz0.11:
What is the chemical composition of a glucose molecule?

A. CH₃ and COOH

B. C, H and O

C. C, H, O and N

D. C, H and OH
16M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which of the following describes lipolysis? A. The process of releasing triglycerides from the...
16M.2.SL.tz0.2d: Describe the production of ATP from glucose by the aerobic system.
17M.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the process by which glycogen is broken down to glucose? A. Glycogenolysis B....
16M.1.SL.tz0.15:
Which of the following are features of the ATP-CP system?

I. It provides the energy for the first three minutes of activity.

II. CP is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule.

III. It creates lactic acid as a by-product.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II only

D. II and III only
17M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which type of process is taking place when ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate? I....
17M.2.SL.tz0.5d: Discuss the characteristics of the lactic acid system during exercise.
17M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which of the following are major storage sites for triglycerides? I. Skeletal muscle II. Smooth...
17M.1.SL.tz0.11: Which energy system is the quickest to re-synthesize ATP? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic...
16N.1.SL.tz0.14: What is the definition of cell respiration? A. All biochemical reactions that occur within an...
16N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is a micronutrient? A. Lipid B. Fibre C. Water D. Protein
16N.1.SL.tz0.11: Which is an unsaturated fat? A. Palm oil B. Olive oil C. Tropical oil D. Coconut oil
16N.1.SL.tz0.13: Which are major triglyceride storage sites? A. Adipose tissue and liver tissue B. Adipose...
17M.2.SL.tz0.4d: Explain the role of insulin in the body.
17N.1.SL.tz0.13: What is glycogen? A. A disaccharide built from glucose molecules B. A polysaccharide built from...
17N.2.SL.tz0.3b:
Outline how a marathon runner produces ATP from fatty acids.
16N.1.SL.tz0.12: What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule? A. Oxygen and nitrogen B. Carbon,...
17N.2.SL.tz0.3a: State one major storage site of triacylglycerol.
17N.2.SL.tz0.7a: Describe how a glucose molecule forms a polysaccharide molecule.
17N.1.SL.tz0.14:
The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of an animal cell. What is the structure labelled X?

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote#/
media/File:Animal_cell_structure_en.svg, by Mariana Ruiz]

A. Nucleus

B. Mitochondrion

C. Lysosome

D. Golgi apparatus
17N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which are micronutrients? A. Water, lipids, proteins B. Fibre, vitamins, minerals C....
17N.1.SL.tz0.12: What characterizes saturated fats? A. They contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms...
17N.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the composition of the triacylglycerol molecule? A. Three glycerol molecules and one...
17N.2.SL.tz0.5c:
Explain the relative contributions of the three energy systems during a hockey or soccer match.
18N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is a function of protein? A. Primary source of energy B. Provide insulation under the...
18N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? A. Glycolysis B. Glycogenesis C....
18N.1.SL.tz0.14: What is the net amount of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule in the lactic acid...
18N.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the function of glucagon during fasting? A. Stimulate the breakdown of glycogen into...
18N.1.HL:.tz0.11: Which describes the lactic acid system? A. Anaerobic energy system that produces 1 ATP B....
18N.1.HL:.tz0.8:
Which is the function of proteins?

A. Primary source of energy

B. Provide insulation

C. Protect vital organs

D. Build tissues
18N.1.HL:.tz0.9: Which diagram below represents a reaction that forms a disaccharide?
18N.2.HL:.tz0.6e:
Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.
18N.2.SL.tz0.5b: Describe the phenomenon of oxygen deficit.
18N.2.SL.tz0.6c: Outline the re-synthesis of ATP by the ATP–CP system.
18N.2.SL.tz0.4e:
Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.
18N.2.SL.tz0.3c:
Explain the role of insulin and muscle contraction on glucose uptake during exercise.
18N.2.HL:.tz0.7e:
Explain excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during recovery.
19M.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule? A. Glycerol and three fatty acids B. ...
19M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which energy system is the most rapid to resynthesize ATP? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic...
19M.1.SL.tz0.13:
What type of process is lipolysis?

A. Aerobic anabolism

B. Anaerobic anabolism

C. Aerobic catabolism

D. Anaerobic catabolism
19M.2.SL.tz0.3c:
Explain the role of ATP in providing energy for a sprinter’s muscles to contract.
19M.2.SL.tz0.6a:
Describe the recommended relative contribution of macronutrients in a healthy balanced diet.
19M.1.SL.tz0.10:
Which molecule is represented by the diagram below?

A. Glucose

B. Fat

C. Amino acid

D. Protein
19M.2.SL.tz0.5d:
Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.9a:
Discuss the role of hormones on glucose uptake during exercise.
19M.1.SL.tz0.12:
What is the correct order (greatest to least) for the amount of energy contained in 100 g of each body fuel?

A. Carbohydrate, protein, lipid

B. Lipid, carbohydrate, protein

C. Protein, carbohydrate, lipid

D. Lipid, protein, carbohydrate
19M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Using an example, discuss the effect of experience and memory on selective attention.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.10a:
Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.
19M.2.SL.tz0.7d:
Discuss the role of hormones on glucose uptake during exercise.
16M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which of the following is the function of the Golgi apparatus? A. It is involved in the...
19N.1.SL.tz0.13: Which outlines lipolysis? A. Two glucose molecules combine to form a disaccharide B. One...
19N.2.HL:.tz0.5c: Explain the reason for elevated breathing in the first minutes after a swimming sprint.
19N.1.SL.tz0.11:
The diagram shows the nutritional information from an energy gel packet. Which nutrient provides the most energy per serving?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

A. Total fat

B. Total carbohydrate

C. Protein

D. The nutrients provide equal amounts of energy
19N.1.HL:.tz0.11: Which type of athlete receives the majority of their energy during performance through aerobic...
19N.1.SL.tz0.14: What are the products of anaerobic glycolysis? A. 2 ATP per glucose molecule and lactic acid B....
19N.2.SL.tz0.5c: Explain the reason for elevated breathing in the first minutes after a swimming sprint.
19N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which element distinguishes an amino acid from a fatty acid? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C....
19N.2.SL.tz0.7c: Outline the process of glycogenolysis.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.8a.i: Outline catabolism.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.8a.ii: Describe the aerobic production of ATP before electrons are passed into the electron transport...
19N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which is a major storage site for glycogen? A. Pancreas B. Brain C. Liver D. Kidney
19N.2.HL:.tz0.4c: Outline the function of adrenaline during fasting.

Sub sections and their related questions

3.1. Nutrition

16M.1.SL.tz0.11:
What is the chemical composition of a glucose molecule?

A. CH₃ and COOH

B. C, H and O

C. C, H, O and N

D. C, H and OH
16N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is a micronutrient? A. Lipid B. Fibre C. Water D. Protein
16N.1.SL.tz0.11: Which is an unsaturated fat? A. Palm oil B. Olive oil C. Tropical oil D. Coconut oil
16N.1.SL.tz0.12: What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule? A. Oxygen and nitrogen B. Carbon,...
17N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which are micronutrients? A. Water, lipids, proteins B. Fibre, vitamins, minerals C....
17N.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the composition of the triacylglycerol molecule? A. Three glycerol molecules and one...
17N.1.SL.tz0.12: What characterizes saturated fats? A. They contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms...
18N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is a function of protein? A. Primary source of energy B. Provide insulation under the...
19M.1.SL.tz0.10:
Which molecule is represented by the diagram below?

A. Glucose

B. Fat

C. Amino acid

D. Protein
19M.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule? A. Glycerol and three fatty acids B. ...
19M.1.SL.tz0.12:
What is the correct order (greatest to least) for the amount of energy contained in 100 g of each body fuel?

A. Carbohydrate, protein, lipid

B. Lipid, carbohydrate, protein

C. Protein, carbohydrate, lipid

D. Lipid, protein, carbohydrate
19M.2.SL.tz0.6a:
Describe the recommended relative contribution of macronutrients in a healthy balanced diet.
18N.1.HL:.tz0.9: Which diagram below represents a reaction that forms a disaccharide?
18N.1.HL:.tz0.8:
Which is the function of proteins?

A. Primary source of energy

B. Provide insulation

C. Protect vital organs

D. Build tissues
16N.2.SL.tz0.4a.i: State the chemical composition of a glucose molecule.
16N.2.SL.tz0.4a.ii: Explain how glucose molecules combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
17N.2.SL.tz0.7a: Describe how a glucose molecule forms a polysaccharide molecule.
19N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which element distinguishes an amino acid from a fatty acid? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C....
19N.1.SL.tz0.11:
The diagram shows the nutritional information from an energy gel packet. Which nutrient provides the most energy per serving?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

A. Total fat

B. Total carbohydrate

C. Protein

D. The nutrients provide equal amounts of energy
20N.1.SL.tz0.10:
Which is a condensation reaction?

A. Breaking of the bonds in glycogen and creation of a water molecule

B. Addition of two glucose molecules and creation of a water molecule

C. Breaking of the bonds in glycogen and absorption of a water molecule

D. Addition of two glucose molecules and absorption of a water molecule
20N.1.SL.tz0.11:
An untrained individual with healthy BMI starts to train for a marathon. What change should they make to their diet?
20N.1.HL:.tz0.8: Which are macronutrients? I. Protein II. Water III. Carbohydrate A. I and II only B. I and...
21M.2.SL.tz0.3a:
Outline the functions of protein.
21M.2.SL.tz0.3b.i: Describe essential amino acids.
21M.2.SL.tz0.3b.ii: Identify a source of essential amino acids.
21M.1.SL.tz0.10: Which are macronutrients? I. Fats II. Carbohydrates III. Water A. I and II only B. I and III...
21M.1.SL.tz0.11: What is the composition of triacylglycerol? A. Three glycerol and one fatty acid molecules B....
21M.1.HL:.tz0.8: How do glucose molecules combine to form a disaccharide? A. Condensation reaction B. Catabolic...
21M.1.HL:.tz0.9:
Which is a source of saturated fat?

A. Palm oil

B. Olive oil

C. Sunflower oil

D. Canola (rapeseed) oil
21N.1.SL.tz0.10: Which is considered a micronutrient? A. Lipid B. Vitamin C. Water D. Protein
21N.1.SL.tz0.11: While celebrating with their team, a basketball player wants to eat a pizza that contains...
21N.1.HL:.tz0.9: Which element is unique to the molecular formula of protein? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C....
21N.2.SL.tz0.6c:
Explain the differences in dietary recommendations for a runner during marathon training and a sedentary individual both with healthy body mass index (BMI).
21N.2.HL:.tz0.9b:
Explain the differences in dietary recommendations for a runner during marathon training and a sedentary individual both with healthy body mass index (BMI).
22M.1.SL.tz0.10: In percentage terms, which provides the greatest source of carbohydrate for an athlete? A....
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.i: Identify the training method and nutritional component that indicated the greatest proportional...
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.iii: With reference to Figure 1, discuss the effect of heavy and moderate training load on...
22M.2.SL.tz0.1a.v: Outline two reasons for differences in protein intake between the heavy and moderate training...
22M.2.SL.tz0.1b: State the composition of a molecule of triacylglycerol.
22M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Giving an example, outline the characteristics of saturated fatty acids.

3.2. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism

16M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which of the following describes lipolysis? A. The process of releasing triglycerides from the...
16M.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the function of adrenaline during exercise? A. Stimulates the storage of glycogen B....
17M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which of the following are major storage sites for triglycerides? I. Skeletal muscle II. Smooth...
17M.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the process by which glycogen is broken down to glucose? A. Glycogenolysis B....
17M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which type of process is taking place when ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate? I....
17M.2.SL.tz0.4d: Explain the role of insulin in the body.
16N.1.SL.tz0.13: Which are major triglyceride storage sites? A. Adipose tissue and liver tissue B. Adipose...
17N.1.SL.tz0.13: What is glycogen? A. A disaccharide built from glucose molecules B. A polysaccharide built from...
18N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? A. Glycolysis B. Glycogenesis C....
18N.1.SL.tz0.13: What is the function of glucagon during fasting? A. Stimulate the breakdown of glycogen into...
19M.1.SL.tz0.13:
What type of process is lipolysis?

A. Aerobic anabolism

B. Anaerobic anabolism

C. Aerobic catabolism

D. Anaerobic catabolism
19M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Using an example, discuss the effect of experience and memory on selective attention.
19M.2.SL.tz0.7d:
Discuss the role of hormones on glucose uptake during exercise.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.9a:
Discuss the role of hormones on glucose uptake during exercise.
16N.2.SL.tz0.4b: Outline the function of glucagon in relation to the breakdown of glycogen when fasting.
17N.2.SL.tz0.3a: State one major storage site of triacylglycerol.
18N.2.SL.tz0.3c:
Explain the role of insulin and muscle contraction on glucose uptake during exercise.
19N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which is a major storage site for glycogen? A. Pancreas B. Brain C. Liver D. Kidney
19N.1.SL.tz0.13: Which outlines lipolysis? A. Two glucose molecules combine to form a disaccharide B. One...
19N.2.SL.tz0.7c: Outline the process of glycogenolysis.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.4c: Outline the function of adrenaline during fasting.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.8a.i: Outline catabolism.
20N.1.SL.tz0.12: What is an anabolic reaction? A. When small molecules are combined into larger molecules B....
20N.1.SL.tz0.14: What are major sites for triglyceride storage in the body? I. Liver II. Skeletal muscle III....
20N.2.SL.tz0.7c: Describe the function of adrenaline during exercise.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.8b: Describe the function of adrenaline during exercise.
21M.2.SL.tz0.6b:
During the 20 km hike, the hiker stops briefly to have a sandwich for lunch.

Discuss the effects of insulin and exercise on glucose uptake in the hiker’s leg muscles.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.9c:
Describe the source and role of insulin and glucagon in the body.
21M.1.SL.tz0.12: What is a function of adrenaline? A. Increases stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous...
21N.1.SL.tz0.12: Which reaction represents aerobic catabolism? A. Gluconeogenesis B. Lactate formation C....
21N.1.SL.tz0.13: Where is glycogen primarily stored in the body? A. The liver and brain B. The liver and...
21N.1.HL:.tz0.11: During fasting, the body releases hormones that promote the breakdown of glycogen to replenish...
21N.2.SL.tz0.7a: Carbohydrates are important for muscular contraction during hill walking. Describe the role of...
22M.1.SL.tz0.11: Which is formed from a catabolic reaction? A. Glucose B. Glycogen C. Adipose tissue D. Protein
22M.1.SL.tz0.12: Which process occurs when blood glucose levels are decreased? A. Glycolysis B. Lipolysis C....

3.3. Nutrition and energy systems

16M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which of the following is the function of the Golgi apparatus? A. It is involved in the...
16M.1.SL.tz0.15:
Which of the following are features of the ATP-CP system?

I. It provides the energy for the first three minutes of activity.

II. CP is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule.

III. It creates lactic acid as a by-product.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II only

D. II and III only
17M.1.SL.tz0.11: Which energy system is the quickest to re-synthesize ATP? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic...
16M.2.SL.tz0.2b: Define the term cell respiration.
16M.2.SL.tz0.2d: Describe the production of ATP from glucose by the aerobic system.
16M.2.SL.tz0.5c: Explain the phenomenon of oxygen deficit.
16M.2.SL.tz0.6d:
Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems in a footballer during a match.
17M.2.SL.tz0.5d: Discuss the characteristics of the lactic acid system during exercise.
16N.1.SL.tz0.14: What is the definition of cell respiration? A. All biochemical reactions that occur within an...
17N.1.SL.tz0.14:
The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of an animal cell. What is the structure labelled X?

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote#/
media/File:Animal_cell_structure_en.svg, by Mariana Ruiz]

A. Nucleus

B. Mitochondrion

C. Lysosome

D. Golgi apparatus
18N.1.SL.tz0.14: What is the net amount of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule in the lactic acid...
19M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which energy system is the most rapid to resynthesize ATP? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic...
19M.2.SL.tz0.3c:
Explain the role of ATP in providing energy for a sprinter’s muscles to contract.
19M.2.SL.tz0.5d:
Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.10a:
Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.
18N.1.HL:.tz0.11: Which describes the lactic acid system? A. Anaerobic energy system that produces 1 ATP B....
16N.2.SL.tz0.4c: Describe the strengths of the ATP-CP system with regard to the re-synthesis of ATP during a...
16N.2.SL.tz0.6b:
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the lactic acid and aerobic system.
17N.2.SL.tz0.3b:
Outline how a marathon runner produces ATP from fatty acids.
17N.2.SL.tz0.5c:
Explain the relative contributions of the three energy systems during a hockey or soccer match.
18N.2.SL.tz0.4e:
Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.
18N.2.SL.tz0.5b: Describe the phenomenon of oxygen deficit.
18N.2.SL.tz0.6c: Outline the re-synthesis of ATP by the ATP–CP system.
18N.2.HL:.tz0.6e:
Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.
18N.2.HL:.tz0.7e:
Explain excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during recovery.
19N.1.SL.tz0.14: What are the products of anaerobic glycolysis? A. 2 ATP per glucose molecule and lactic acid B....
19N.2.SL.tz0.5c: Explain the reason for elevated breathing in the first minutes after a swimming sprint.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.5c: Explain the reason for elevated breathing in the first minutes after a swimming sprint.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.8a.ii: Describe the aerobic production of ATP before electrons are passed into the electron transport...
19N.1.HL:.tz0.11: Which type of athlete receives the majority of their energy during performance through aerobic...
20N.1.SL.tz0.13:
The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell. What is the main function of the organelle labelled X?

[Source: Siyavula Education, Grade 10 Life Science: Cell Structure And Function, https://www.siyavula.
com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/cells-the-basic-units-of-life/02-cells-the-basic-units-of-life-02. Everything
Maths and Sciences textbooks can be freely downloaded at www.siyavula.com. Republished under Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.]

A. Protein synthesis

B. Digestion of macromolecules

C. Cellular respiration

D. DNA storage
20N.2.SL.tz0.6d: Describe the production of ATP from fatty acids.
20N.2.SL.tz0.8e: Explain what happens as an athlete breathes heavily after a basketball match.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.8e: Explain what happens as an athlete breathes heavily after a 200 m sprint.
21M.2.SL.tz0.6a:
Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt for an individual hiking 20 km in mountains.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10a:
Outline six structures in an animal cell.
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10b: Discuss the relative contributions of the three energy systems for a runner during a 100 m sprint...
21M.2.HL:.tz0.10c: Discuss the oxygen debt process which occurs during recovery after a 10 000 m race.
21M.1.SL.tz0.13:
What is the definition of cell respiration?

A. The controlled release of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from organic compounds in cells

B. The controlled release of energy in the form of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from organic compounds in cells

C. The controlled release of energy in the form of glycogen from organic compounds in cells

D. The controlled release of energy in the form of carbon dioxide from organic compounds in cells
21M.1.SL.tz0.14: Which energy system is the predominant contributor of ATP for a runner participating in a...
21N.1.SL.tz0.14:
Which donates a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during the initial stages of intense exercise to regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A. Glycogen

B. Glucose-6-phosphate

C. Amino acid

D. Creatine phosphate
21N.2.SL.tz0.3a: The diagram represents the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell. Annotate structures...
21N.2.SL.tz0.6b: Analyse oxygen deficit.
21N.2.HL:.tz0.5:
Analyse how the dominant energy system contributes to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production during an indoor 60 m sprint.
21N.2.HL:.tz0.10a: Analyse oxygen deficit.
22M.1.SL.tz0.13:
Which represents the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the aerobic glycolysis system?

A. PC + ADP → 1ATP + C

B. glucose → pyruvate → 2 ATP + lactate + H⁺

C. glucose → pyruvate + O₂ → acetylCoA → Krebs cycle → electron transport chain → 38 ATP + H₂O + CO₂ + heat

D. ADP + P = ATP
22M.1.SL.tz0.14:
The diagram shows an animal cell. What is the function of X?

[Source: Siyavula, n.d. [Animal cell] [image] Available at: https://www.siyavula.com/science/lifesciences/grade-10/02-the-basicunits-of-life/02-the-basic-units-of-life-03.cnxmlplus This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [Accessed 09 August 2017]. Source adapted.]

A. Protein synthesis

B. Controlling gene expression

C. Cell respiration

D. Ingestion and removal of waste
22M.2.SL.tz0.4b:
Describe the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system.
22M.2.SL.tz0.6e:
Discuss the factors that determine the dominant energy system.
22M.2.HL:.tz0.10c:
A 1500 m runner accelerates at the start of a race until they reach their desired speed. In the final stage, they sprint towards the finish line. After the race, they perform an active recovery. Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt (EPOC) during and after the race.
22M.2.HL:.tz0.12b:
Describe the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system.