DP Physics Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:

Observations: Much of the work towards a quantum theory of atoms was guided by the need to explain the observed patterns in atomic spectra. The first quantum model of matter is the Bohr model for hydrogen. (1.8)

Paradigm shift: The acceptance of the wave–particle duality paradox for light and particles required scientists in many fields to view research from new perspectives. (2.3)

Understandings:

• Photons
• The photoelectric effect
• Matter waves
• Pair production and pair annihilation
• Quantization of angular momentum in the Bohr model for hydrogen
• The wave function
• The uncertainty principle for energy and time and position and momentum
• Tunnelling, potential barrier and factors affecting tunnelling probability

Applications and skills:

• Discussing the photoelectric effect experiment and explaining which features of the experiment cannot be explained by the classical wave theory of light
• Solving photoelectric problems both graphically and algebraically
• Discussing experimental evidence for matter waves, including an experiment in which the wave nature of electrons is evident
• Stating order of magnitude estimates from the uncertainty principle

Guidance:

• The order of magnitude estimates from the uncertainty principle may include (but is not limited to) estimates of the energy of the ground state of an atom, the impossibility of an electron existing within a nucleus, and the lifetime of an electron in an excited energy state
• Tunnelling to be treated qualitatively using the idea of continuity of wave functions

Data booklet reference:

Theory of knowledge:

• The duality of matter and tunnelling are cases where the laws of classical physics are violated. To what extent have advances in technology enabled paradigm shifts in science?

Utilization:

• The electron microscope and the tunnelling electron microscope rely on the findings from studies in quantum physics
• Probability is treated in a mathematical sense in Mathematical studies SL sub-topics 3.6–3.7

Aims:

• Aim 1: study of quantum phenomena introduces students to an exciting new world that is not experienced at the macroscopic level. The study of tunneling is a novel phenomenon not observed in macroscopic physics
• Aim 6: the photoelectric effect can be investigated using LEDs
• Aim 9: the Bohr model is very successful with hydrogen but not of any use for other elements

Directly related questions

• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9c.iii: Calculate the electron’s orbital radius in (c)(ii).
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9c.ii: Using the answer in (b) and (c)(i), deduce that the radius r of the electron’s orbit in the...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ2.9b: Bohr modified the Rutherford model by introducing the condition mvr = n\(\frac{h}{{2\pi...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.38: Which of the following is evidence for the wave nature of the electron? A.     Continuous energy...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.37: A photoelectric cell is connected in series with a battery of emf 2 V. Photons of energy 6 eV are...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.iii: The variable voltage can be adjusted so that no electrons reach the collecting plate. Write down...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.ii: Suggest, with reference to conservation of energy, how the variable voltage source can be used to...
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8b.i: Calculate, in J, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.
• 18M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: Show that the energy of photons from the UV lamp is about 10 eV.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.38: According to the Bohr model for hydrogen, visible light is emitted when electrons make...
• 18M.1.HL.TZ1.37: Two radioactive nuclides, X and Y, have half-lives of 50 s and 100 s respectively. At time t = 0...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.40: A photon interacts with a nearby nucleus to produce an electron. What is the name of this...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.39: Monochromatic electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metal surface. The kinetic energy of...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.23: Samples of different radioactive nuclides have equal numbers of nuclei. Which graph shows...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c.ii: State and explain the effect on the maximum photoelectric current as a result of increasing the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7c.i: Describe the change in the number of photons per second incident on the surface of the photocell.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7b: Radiation of photon energy 5.2 x 10–19 J is now incident on the photocell. Calculate the maximum...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7a.ii: Electrons emitted from the surface of the photocell have almost no kinetic energy. Explain why...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7a.i: Calculate the wavelength of the light.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9c: The experiment is repeated with a metal surface of cadmium, which has a greater work function....
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.iii: Calculate the work function of barium in eV.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.ii: State what is meant by the work function of a metal.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9b.i: Determine a value for Planck’s constant.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.9a: Explain how each observation provides support for the particle theory but not the wave theory of...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.39: A neutron of mass m is confined within a nucleus of diameter d. Ignoring numerical...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.38: In the Bohr model for hydrogen an electron in the ground state has orbit radius r and speed v. In...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.39: A photon of energy E and wavelength λ is scattered from an electron initially at rest. What is...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What can be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.11c: An alpha particle is confined within a nucleus of gold. Using the uncertainty principle, estimate...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.11b: The graph shows the variation of photoelectric current I with potential difference V between C...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.11a: A current is observed on the ammeter when violet light illuminates C. With V held constant the...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.38: An electron of mass m has an uncertainty in its position r. What is the uncertainty in the speed...
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Pair production by a photon occurs in the presence of a nucleus. For this process, which of...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.38: Different...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.36: The graphs show the...
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which of the following...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Photoelectrons are emitted at a certain rate when monochromatic light is incident on a metal...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Which phenomenon provides evidence for the wave nature of an electron? A. Line spectra of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.28: Red light incident on a metal surface produces photoelectrons. The potential V of the supply...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7c: Explain how the pattern demonstrates that electrons have wave properties.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7d: Electrons are accelerated to a speed of 3.6×107 ms−1 by the electric field. (i) Calculate the de...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7e: State what can be deduced about an electron from the amplitude of its associated wavefunction.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7f: An electron reaching the central bright spot on the fluorescent screen has a small uncertainty in...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.9d: An electron is confined in a length of 2.0 \( \times \) 10–10 m. (i) Determine the uncertainty...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.9c: State what is meant by the wavefunction of an electron.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Determine the maximum wavelength of the photons that can cause photoemission.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: Calculate the momentum of an electron that has the same de Broglie wavelength as the wavelength...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: (i) Calculate, in eV, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. (ii) The number of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: The wavelength of the light incident on the sodium surface is decreased without changing its...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.33: In the “electron in a box” model, an electron is confined to move along a line of length L. What...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.28: Light that is shone onto a metal surface may result in the emission of electrons from the...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.29: An electron X is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. Another electron Y is...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.31: If there is no uncertainty in the value of the de Broglie wavelength of a particle then this...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.9f: Light is incident on a metal surface A. A potential difference is applied between A and an...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.9g: A photon of energy 6.6×10–19J is incident upon a clean sodium surface. The work function of...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.28: When electromagnetic radiation falls on a photocell, electrons of mass \({m_{\text{e}}}\) are...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5b.ii: The intensity of the light is \({\text{5.1 }}\mu {\text{W}}\,{{\text{m}}^{ - 2}}\). Determine the...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.30: A particle has a de Broglie wavelength \(\lambda \) and kinetic energy \(E\). What is the...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5b.i: Calculate, in eV, the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted.
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.5a: Outline why the wave model of light cannot account for the photoelectric effect.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Describe the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: The momentum of the electron is known precisely. Deduce that all the information on its position...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.4d: With reference to Schrödinger’s model, state the meaning of the amplitude of the wavefunction for...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Outline how the Einstein model is used to explain the photoelectric effect.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5b: State why, although the incident light is monochromatic, the energies of the emitted electrons vary.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5c: Explain why no electrons are emitted if the frequency of the incident light is less than a...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.5d: For monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm a stopping potential of 1.75 V is required....
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.i: On the diagram, label using arrows all the possible transitions that might occur as the hydrogen...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6a.ii: State the energy in eV of the maximum wavelength photon emitted as the hydrogen atom returns to...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6b.i: 10.2 eV.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.6b.ii: 9.0 eV.
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Which of the following is correct for the de Broglie wavelength λ of a particle when the kinetic...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.31: According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, conjugate quantities are pairs of quantities...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.32: Three phenomena associated with nuclear and quantum physics are I. Einstein photoelectric...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9d: Explain why photoelectrons are not emitted from the metal surface unless the frequency of...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.i: identify the minimum value of the frequency \({f_0}\) for photoelectrons to be emitted.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.ii: determine the Planck constant.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9e.iii: calculate the work function, in eV, for the metal surface.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.9f: The student repeats the experiment with a different metal surface that has a smaller value for...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5a: Describe wave-particle duality in relation to the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.i: The electrons were accelerated through a potential difference of 54 V. Show that the associated...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.5b.ii: The electron detector recorded a large number of electrons at a particular scattering angle...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8d: (i)     Suggest why the work function for caesium is smaller than that of mercury. (ii)   ...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.8f: An exact determination of the location of the electron in a hydrogen atom is not possible....
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: Describe what is meant by the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 14M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: (i)     Calculate the kinetic energy of the particle. (ii)     Determine the de Broglie...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.30: The probability of finding an electron at a particular position in a hydrogen atom is...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.28: A positively charged particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest through a potential...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Light is shone onto the surface of a metal and photoelectrons are emitted. Which of the following...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.33: According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle the quantity paired with momentum is A....
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.34: Photons are incident on a metal surface. Electrons are emitted from the surface. What single...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.28: When the cathode of a photoelectric cell is illuminated with red light, a photoelectric current...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.30: In the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, conjugate quantities are pairs of quantities that cannot...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.29: An electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference V has de Broglie wavelength...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.29: An electron of mass me and a proton of mass mp are moving with the same kinetic energy at...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.40: Photoelectrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light of frequency ƒ is incident on...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8a: State what is meant by work function.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8d: In an experiment, light at a particular frequency is incident on a surface and electrons are...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.8b: The diagram shows part of an experimental arrangement used to investigate the photoelectric...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: Outline how the de Broglie hypothesis explains the existence of a discrete set of wavefunctions...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.5c: The diagram below shows the shape of two allowed wavefunctions ѱA and ѱB for an electron confined...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.27: Monochrom...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.30: ...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Light of a particular wavelength and intensity does not cause photoelectric emission from a clean...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Alpha particles of charge +2e and mass m are accelerated from rest through a potential difference...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12a: Explain with reference to the Einstein model, which graph, A or B,...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12b: The frequency of the light that produces graph A is 8.8×1014Hz. The...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12c: The frequency of the incident light is increased but the...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.12d: The electrons emitted from the photo-cathode have an...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.15c: Consider an electron confined in a one-dimensional “box” of length L. The de Broglie waves...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.15d: An electron is confined in a “box” of length L=1.0×10–10m in the n=1 energy level. Its position...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.5a: When red light is incident on the metallic surface M the microammeter registers a current....
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.5b: The graph shows the variation with voltage V of the current I in the circuit. The work...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.12d: The total energy of the particle represented by the dotted line is 1.2 GeV more than what is...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: Explain why a precise knowledge of the de Broglie wavelength of the proton implies that its...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Light of frequency 8.7×1014Hz is incident on the surface of a metal in a photocell. The surface...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Determine the de Broglie wavelength of a proton that has been accelerated from rest through a...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5a: Describe the concept of a photon.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a: State the de Broglie hypothesis.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5b: In the photoelectric effect there exists a threshold frequency below which no emission...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: Light of frequency f is shone onto the tungsten electrode in (a). The potential Vs for which the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: The diagram shows the set up of an experiment designed to verify the Einstein model of the...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: The work function of tungsten is 4.5eV. Show that the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.10b: The wavelength of the incident light in (a) is 420 nm and the work function of the metal is...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.10a: Monochromatic light is incident on a metal surface and electrons are emitted instantaneously from...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.5c: Light of wavelength 420 nm is incident on a clean metal surface. The work function of the metal...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.28: The diagram below shows a circuit involving a photoelectric cell. When UV light is shone onto the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.31: A proton is confined within a nucleus. What is the order of magnitude of the uncertainty in its...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4a: Monochromatic light of different frequencies is incident on a metal surface placed in a vacuum....
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4b: The graph shows how the maximum kinetic energy EK of the ejected electrons in (a) varies with the...
• 13N.3.SL.TZ0.4c: Show that electrons of energy 0.50 eV have a de Broglie wavelength of about 1.7×10–9m.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10a: State what is meant by a wavefunction.  
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10c: Calculate the momentum of the electron.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10e: The electron stays in the first excited state of hydrogen for a time of...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.29: Electrons are accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. Their de Broglie wavelength...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10b: State the position near which this electron is most likely to be found.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.10d: The energy, in joules, of the electron in a hydrogen atom, is given by...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.4: This question is about the photoelectric effect. In an experiment to investigate the...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.31: In the Schrödinger model of the hydrogen atom, the probability of finding an electron in a small...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.26: Ultra-violet light is shone on a zinc surface and photoelectrons are emitted. The sketch graph...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Light of frequency \(f\) is incident on a metal surface. The work function of the metal is...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Which of the following is an assumption of the Schrödinger model of the hydrogen atom? A.   ...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.29: An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference \(V\). Which of the...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A particle is accelerated from rest through a potential difference \(V\). Which of the following...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.31: In the photoelectric effect, the following observations may be made. I.     The kinetic energy...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.33: Which of the following is a correct statement associated with the photoelectric effect? A.   ...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.31: The square of the amplitude of the electron wave function in an hydrogen atom is a measure of...
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.32: A proton and an alpha particle have the same de Broglie wavelength. Which of the following is...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.B1a: (i)     Explain, with reference to the Einstein model of the photoelectric effect, the existence...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.B1b: (i)     Show that the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is...